Defis De Lacces Aux Traitements Du Vih Dans Les Pays Pauvres

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Défis de l'accès aux traitements du VIH dans les pays pauvres

Author : Marie-Caroline Confente
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis Défis de l'accès aux traitements du VIH dans les pays pauvres by : Marie-Caroline Confente

Download or read book Défis de l'accès aux traitements du VIH dans les pays pauvres written by Marie-Caroline Confente and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La Déclaration des Nations Unies en 2000 a défini un certain nombre d'engagements en faveur de la santé et du développement dans les pays pauvres parmi lesquels la lutte contre le VIH/sida. La riposte mondiale contre le VIH doit dépasser le cadre de l'urgence humanitaire pour être intégrée à une stratégie globale d'amélioration de l'état de santé des populations dans un objectif d'aide au développement. L'accès au traitement universel regroupe aujourd'hui l'accès de tous à la prévention, au dépistage, aux antirétroviraux de deuxième et troisième ligne et à un suivi biologique de qualité. Suite à la prise de conscience de l'ampleur de l'épidémie, des organismes mondiaux ont été créés dont le plus connu étant le programme des Nations Unies pour le développement ou ONUSIDA. La mise en place de plans d'actions à visée internationale, financés notamment par le Fonds mondial de lutte contre le sida, la tuberculose et le paludisme ou encore UNITAID, a permis de ralentir considérablement l'évolution de l'épidémie. Depuis le début de l'épidémie du VIH, il existe une différence notoire en matière de prise en charge, de dépistage et de stratégies thérapeutiques entre pays riches et pays pauvres. Fin 2012, près de 10 millions de personnes bénéficiaient d'un traitement antirétroviral dans les pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire. Toutefois, plus de 19 millions de personnes remplissant les conditions pour être traitées selon les nouvelles lignes directrices de 2013 de l'OMS n'ont pas accès aux médicaments antirétroviraux. Le nombre de mort dû au VIH reste accablant. Des barrières à l'accès aux médicaments antirétroviraux sont souvent présentes notamment dans les pays pauvres. Pour appréhender ces barrières, il faut évoquer la problématique des brevets pharmaceutiques avec les accords sur la propriété intellectuelle internationale qui la régissent, les politiques de licences et de prix des médicaments ainsi que d'autres éléments tels que la stigmatisation et la discrimination qui, réunis, forment une barrière presque infranchissable dans le parcours pour l'accès aux médicaments. Comment se positionne l'Industrie du médicament dans cet accès aux médicaments antirétroviraux des pays pauvres ? Après un démarrage difficile vers le début des années 2000 caractérisé par un positionnement et des interventions souvent controversées, elle a su intégrer l'accès au traitement dans sa stratégie et mettre en place différentes actions qui ont favorisé l'accès aux médicaments et amélioré son image. L'une de ses actions fût notamment de négocie des licences volontaires sur leurs médicaments contre le VIH avec le Medicines Patent Pool permettant ainsi de favoriser la recherche et l'accès aux traitements génériques.Aujourd'hui, l'industrie pharmaceutique est et reste un acteur majeur dans l'accès au traitement dans les pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire.

Fallen Soldiers

Author : George L. Mosse
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199923442
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Fallen Soldiers by : George L. Mosse

Download or read book Fallen Soldiers written by George L. Mosse and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1991-12-12 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the outbreak of the First World War, an entire generation of young men charged into battle for what they believed was a glorious cause. Over the next four years, that cause claimed the lives of some 13 million soldiers--more than twice the number killed in all the major wars from 1790 to 1914. But despite this devastating toll, the memory of the war was not, predominantly, of the grim reality of its trench warfare and battlefield carnage. What was most remembered by the war's participants was its sacredness and the martyrdom of those who had died for the greater glory of the fatherland. War, and the sanctification of it, is the subject of this pioneering work by well-known European historian George L. Mosse. Fallen Soldiers offers a profound analysis of what he calls the Myth of the War Experience--a vision of war that masks its horror, consecrates its memory, and ultimately justifies its purpose. Beginning with the Napoleonic wars, Mosse traces the origins of this myth and its symbols, and examines the role of war volunteers in creating and perpetuating it. But it was not until World War I, when Europeans confronted mass death on an unprecedented scale, that the myth gained its widest currency. Indeed, as Mosse makes clear, the need to find a higher meaning in the war became a national obsession. Focusing on Germany, with examples from England, France, and Italy, Mosse demonstrates how these nations--through memorials, monuments, and military cemeteries honoring the dead as martyrs--glorified the war and fostered a popular acceptance of it. He shows how the war was further promoted through a process of trivialization in which war toys and souvenirs, as well as postcards like those picturing the Easter Bunny on the Western Front, softened the war's image in the public mind. The Great War ended in 1918, but the Myth of the War Experience continued, achieving its most ruthless political effect in Germany in the interwar years. There the glorified notion of war played into the militant politics of the Nazi party, fueling the belligerent nationalism that led to World War II. But that cataclysm would ultimately shatter the myth, and in exploring the postwar years, Mosse reveals the extent to which the view of death in war, and war in general, was finally changed. In so doing, he completes what is likely to become one of the classic studies of modern war and the complex, often disturbing nature of human perception and memory.

Population et pauvreté en Afrique

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Population et pauvreté en Afrique by :

Download or read book Population et pauvreté en Afrique written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Women and Trade

Author : World Bank;World Trade Organization
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464815569
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Women and Trade by : World Bank;World Trade Organization

Download or read book Women and Trade written by World Bank;World Trade Organization and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade can dramatically improve women’s lives, creating new jobs, enhancing consumer choices, and increasing women’s bargaining power in society. It can also lead to job losses and a concentration of work in low-skilled employment. Given the complexity and specificity of the relationship between trade and gender, it is essential to assess the potential impact of trade policy on both women and men and to develop appropriate, evidence-based policies to ensure that trade helps to enhance opportunities for all. Research on gender equality and trade has been constrained by limited data and a lack of understanding of the connections among the economic roles that women play as workers, consumers, and decision makers. Building on new analyses and new sex-disaggregated data, Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between trade and gender equality and to identify a series of opportunities through which trade can improve the lives of women.

Knowing our lands and resources

Author : Roué, Marie
Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9231002104
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowing our lands and resources by : Roué, Marie

Download or read book Knowing our lands and resources written by Roué, Marie and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2017-04-03 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Public Health in Developing Countries

Author : Edlyne Eze Anugwom
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789858739
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)

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Book Synopsis Public Health in Developing Countries by : Edlyne Eze Anugwom

Download or read book Public Health in Developing Countries written by Edlyne Eze Anugwom and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-09-09 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public health entails the use of models, technologies, experience and evidence derived through consumer participation, translational research and population sciences to protect and improve the health of the population. Enhancing public health is of significant importance to the development of a nation, particularly for developing countries where the health care system is underdeveloped, fragile or vulnerable.This book examines progress and challenges with regards to public health in developing countries in two parts: Part 1 “General and Crosscutting Issues in Public Health and Case Studies” and Part 2 “Country-Specific Issues in Public Health.” For example, assuring equity for marginalized indigenous groups and other key populations entails the application of transdisciplinary interventions including legislation, advocacy, financing, empowerment and de-stigmatization. The diverse structural, political, economic, technological, geographical and social landscape of developing countries translates to unique public health challenges, infrastructure and implementation trajectories in addressing issues such as vector-borne diseases and intimate partner violence.This volume will be of interest to researchers, health ministry policy makers, public health professionals and non-governmental organizations whose work entails collaborations with public health systems of developing nations and regions.

Guidance Note

Author : Asian Development Bank
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
ISBN 13 : 9290921633
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Guidance Note by : Asian Development Bank

Download or read book Guidance Note written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2010-07-01 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The education sector is vulnerable to a broad range of risks that can threaten development effectiveness. Risks can spring from several factors: substantial share of education in total government expenditure, opportunities for discretionary decision making, political interference and patronage networks, weak sector institutions, and nontransparent and inefficient systems. Vulnerabilities may exist at any stage and among any group of actors from policy makers to education providers and to education beneficiaries. Weak accountability increases the likelihood of misaligned priorities, resource leakages, and poor service delivery. This guidance note aims to explain key features of the education sector and identify entry points for mapping governance risks.

Linking the Formal and Informal Economy

Author : Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199204764
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Linking the Formal and Informal Economy by : Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis

Download or read book Linking the Formal and Informal Economy written by Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2006-09-21 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of studies on formality and informality in developing countries, this volume contains contributions from anthropologists, economists, sociologists, and political scientists. It argues for moving beyond the formal-informal dichotomy, and offers information to develop guiding principles for intervention.

African women, Pan-Africanism and African renaissance

Author : Serbin, Sylvia
Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9231001302
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis African women, Pan-Africanism and African renaissance by : Serbin, Sylvia

Download or read book African women, Pan-Africanism and African renaissance written by Serbin, Sylvia and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Macroeconomics and Health

Author : Jeffrey Sachs
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 924154550X
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Macroeconomics and Health by : Jeffrey Sachs

Download or read book Macroeconomics and Health written by Jeffrey Sachs and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2001-12 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes a strategy for investing in health for economic development, especially in the world's poorest countries. The report proposes a partnership of developing and developed countries, to save eight million lives yearly, in developing countries from infectious diseases and maternal conditions.

Disaster risk reduction in school curricula: case studies from thirty countries

Author :
Publisher : UNESCO
ISBN 13 : 9230010871
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Disaster risk reduction in school curricula: case studies from thirty countries by :

Download or read book Disaster risk reduction in school curricula: case studies from thirty countries written by and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2012 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Madagascar

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Madagascar by :

Download or read book Madagascar written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector

Author : Philipp Fluri
Publisher : DCAF
ISBN 13 : 8683543102
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (835 download)

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Book Synopsis Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector by : Philipp Fluri

Download or read book Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector written by Philipp Fluri and published by DCAF. This book was released on 2003 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Health and Inequality

Author : Sarah Curtis
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 9780761968238
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (682 download)

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Book Synopsis Health and Inequality by : Sarah Curtis

Download or read book Health and Inequality written by Sarah Curtis and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2004 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By relating theoretical arguments to specific landscapes Sarah Curtis develops the basis for a geographical analysis of health problems and proposes a range of strategies for reducing disadvantage and societal inequalities.

Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2016

Author : United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Publisher : United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
ISBN 13 : 9789211303391
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2016 by : United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

Download or read book Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2016 written by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and published by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. This book was released on 2017-01-03 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Report covers and provides an overview of patterns and flows of trafficking in persons at the global, regional and national levels, based on trafficking cases detected mainly between 2012 and 2014.

The Mediterranean region under climate change

Author : Collectif
Publisher : IRD Éditions
ISBN 13 : 2709922207
Total Pages : 736 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mediterranean region under climate change by : Collectif

Download or read book The Mediterranean region under climate change written by Collectif and published by IRD Éditions. This book was released on 2018-11-19 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been published by Allenvi (French National Alliance for Environmental Research) to coincide with the 22nd Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP22) in Marrakesh. It is the outcome of work by academic researchers on both sides of the Mediterranean and provides a remarkable scientific review of the mechanisms of climate change and its impacts on the environment, the economy, health and Mediterranean societies. It will also be valuable in developing responses that draw on “scientific evidence” to address the issues of adaptation, resource conservation, solutions and risk prevention. Reflecting the full complexity of the Mediterranean environment, the book is a major scientific contribution to the climate issue, where various scientific considerations converge to break down the boundaries between disciplines.

Environmental Problems in an Urbanizing World

Author : Jorge Enrique Hardoy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Problems in an Urbanizing World by : Jorge Enrique Hardoy

Download or read book Environmental Problems in an Urbanizing World written by Jorge Enrique Hardoy and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * Updated and much expanded edition of the authors' 1992 classic Environmental Problems in Third World Cities * Comprehensive account of the health- and life- threatening environmental conditions in which a growing proportion of the world's people live * Ideal as a textbook and for professionals and interested general readers * 1st edition widely adopted on urban geography, development studies, environmental courses Most of the world's urban population and most of the large and rapidly growing cities are in developing countries. Often poorly governed, their conditions produce millions of preventable deaths and extensive disease. This book describes these cities' environmental problems and how they affect health, local ecosystems and global cycles. It analyzes the causes: the failure of governments to supply clean water and implement existing measures, or land-owning structures that marginalize the poor. It also highlights the innovative ways in which problems are being tackled, showing solutions are available and the action needed by cities, local governments and community organizations.