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Definition Of The Relevant Market In Community Competition Policy
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Author :Frank Fishwick Publisher :Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities ISBN 13 : Total Pages :194 pages Book Rating :4.X/5 (1 download)
Book Synopsis Definition of the Relevant Market in Community Competition Policy by : Frank Fishwick
Download or read book Definition of the Relevant Market in Community Competition Policy written by Frank Fishwick and published by Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. This book was released on 1986 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Definition of the Relevant Market in Community Competition Policy by : F. Fishwick
Download or read book Definition of the Relevant Market in Community Competition Policy written by F. Fishwick and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Definition of the Relevant Market by : Hila Nevo
Download or read book Definition of the Relevant Market written by Hila Nevo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Market definition plays a critical role in EC competition law, as the first step of any investigation into the nature of competition in a given industry. While not an end in itself, definition of the relevant market serves to identify those products and areas which effectively restrain the behaviour of the firms of interest, such that those firms cannot act independently within the market. However, the main challenge in this process is to outline which products should be included within the market, and which should be left outside its bounds. Whereas traditional market definitions highlight product characteristics, functionality and intended use as key provisions, modern competition-law inquiries attempt to reformulate the market delineation exercise in more economic terms. This book strives for a greater harmony between law and economics in defining antitrust markets.
Book Synopsis The Economic Assessment of Mergers Under European Competition Law by : Daniel Gore
Download or read book The Economic Assessment of Mergers Under European Competition Law written by Daniel Gore and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a clear, concise and practical overview of the key economic techniques and evidence employed in European merger control.
Book Synopsis European Commission's Notice on the Definition of Relevant Market for the Purposes of Community Competition Law, Comment of the Global Antitrust Institute, Antonin Scalia Law School, George Mason University by : Camila Ringeling
Download or read book European Commission's Notice on the Definition of Relevant Market for the Purposes of Community Competition Law, Comment of the Global Antitrust Institute, Antonin Scalia Law School, George Mason University written by Camila Ringeling and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comment is submitted by the Global Antitrust Institute (GAI) to the European Commission (Commission) for consideration in relation to its consultation on its Notice on the definition of relevant market for the purposes of community competition law.
Book Synopsis Market definition and market power in the platform economy by : Jens-Uwe Franck
Download or read book Market definition and market power in the platform economy written by Jens-Uwe Franck and published by Centre on Regulation in Europe asbl (CERRE). This book was released on 2019-05-08 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rise of digital platforms and the natural tendency of markets involving platforms to become concentrated, competition authorities and courts are more frequently in a position to investigate and decide merger and abuse cases that involve platforms. This report provides guidance on how to define markets and on how to assess market power when dealing with two-sided platforms. DEFINITION Competition authorities and courts are well advised to uniformly use a multi-markets approach when defining markets in the context of two-sided platforms. The multi-markets approach is the more flexible instrument compared to the competing single-market approach that defines a single market for both sides of a platform, as the former naturally accounts for different substitution possibilities by the user groups on the two sides of the platform. While one might think of conditions under which a single-market approach could be feasible, the necessary conditions are so severe that it would only be applicable under rare circumstances. To fully appreciate business activities in platform markets from a competition law point of view, and to do justice to competition law’s purpose, which is to protect consumer welfare, the legal concept of a “market” should not be interpreted as requiring a price to be paid by one party to the other. It is not sufficient to consider the activities on the “unpaid side” of the platform only indirectly by way of including them in the competition law analysis of the “paid side” of the platform. Such an approach would exclude certain activities and ensuing positive or negative effects on consumer welfare altogether from the radar of competition law. Instead, competition practice should recognize straightforwardly that there can be “markets” for products offered free of charge, i.e. without monetary consideration by those who receive the product. ASSESSMENT The application of competition law often requires an assessment of market power. Using market shares as indicators of market power, in addition to all the difficulties in standard markets, raises further issues for two-sided platforms. When calculating revenue shares, the only reasonable option is to use the sum of revenues on all sides of the platform. Then, such shares should not be interpreted as market shares as they are aggregated over two interdependent markets. Large revenue shares appear to be a meaningful indicator of market power if all undertakings under consideration serve the same sides. However, they are often not meaningful if undertakings active in the relevant markets follow different business models. Given potentially strong cross-group external effects, market shares are less apt in the context of two-sided platforms to indicate market power (or the lack of it). Barriers to entry are at the core of persistent market power and, thus, the entrenchment of incumbent platforms. They deserve careful examination by competition authorities. Barriers to entry may arise due to users’ coordination failure in the presence of network effect. On two-sided platforms, users on both sides of the market have to coordinate their expectations. Barriers to entry are more likely to be present if an industry does not attract new users and if it does not undergo major technological change. Switching costs and network effects may go hand in hand: consumer switching costs sometimes depend on the number of platform users and, in this case, barriers to entry from consumer switching costs increase with platform size. Since market power is related to barriers to entry, the absence of entry attempts may be seen as an indication of market power. However, entry threats may arise from firms offering quite different services, as long as they provide a new home for users’ attention and needs.
Book Synopsis Defining the Relevant Market in Function of Managing Competition Policy by : Dragan Benazić
Download or read book Defining the Relevant Market in Function of Managing Competition Policy written by Dragan Benazić and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The determination of market power of a firm or a group of firms and the prevention of its negative effect on the other market participants requires a previous definition of the relevant market. The relevant market represents a group of products or geographical areas that render it impossible for a potential monopolist or a group of companies to profitably raise the price of a product and in such a manner show their market power. There are numerous approaches that may be used when defining relevant market. The competition policy decision makers should be well acquainted with the benefits and the drawbacks of each concept in order to be able to bring proper competition policy decisions. The competition law most frequently uses the concept of interchangeability of supply and demand to define a market, whereby a market is defined on the basis of a hypothetical monopolist test. An accurate definition of the market requires, through the application of the mentioned test, the parallel analysis of specific factors such as: the characteristics of the product, the method of use and the preferences of the consumers, the costs of transport, the existence of primary and secondary markets, the market asymmetry and consistency of market definitions over time.
Book Synopsis Definitie Van de Relevante Markt by : Hila Nevo-Ilan
Download or read book Definitie Van de Relevante Markt written by Hila Nevo-Ilan and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Competition Law written by Günter Hirsch and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 2888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text covers the area of entertainment and broadcasting with explanation of the law and discussion of its practical application in the media world. It covers areas such as entertainment contracts, broadcasting regulation and disputes.
Book Synopsis Support Study Accompanying the Evaluation of the Commission Notice on the Definition of Relevant Market for the Purposes of Community Competition Law by :
Download or read book Support Study Accompanying the Evaluation of the Commission Notice on the Definition of Relevant Market for the Purposes of Community Competition Law written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of the study is to distil principles and best practices for the definition of relevant markets that can inform the review of the Market Definition Notice (hereinafter 'MDN') that the Commission is currently undertaking and, possibly, contribute to the elaboration of an updated version of the MDN. To do this, the study identifies points of convergence, points of divergence and gaps between legal and economic literature, the national decisions and guidelines reviewed on the one hand and the MDN on the other hand. The above-mentioned principles and best practices were identified through desk research - including the analysis of relevant literature and practices by National Competition Authorities (NCAs) - and organised under the four topics on which the study focuses (hereinafter 'topics'): digitalisation, innovation, geographic market definition, and quantitative techniques. First, in relation to digitalisation, the study analyses multi-sided markets including relevant factors and tools, digital ecosystems, the relationship between data and market definition and, finally, the e-commerce sector. Second, the study provides an analysis of the link between innovation and market definition for current product markets, future markets and technology markets. Third, the study presents an overview of how geographic markets are defined, the factors and the evidence that drive the definition of geographic markets, and the role of supply-side substitutability in defining the geographic market. Finally, the study provides an overview of the quantitative methods used to define relevant markets. The main quantitative frameworks covered in the study are the hypothetical monopolist test, demand estimation techniques, price co-movement analysis and catchment areas.
Book Synopsis Market Definition in EU Competition Law by : Miguel Sousa Ferro
Download or read book Market Definition in EU Competition Law written by Miguel Sousa Ferro and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2019 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The maintenance of a fair, competitive market among member states is critical to the functioning of the EU economy. In this book, the first comprehensive, unifying view of market definition, Miguel Ferro adeptly explores the different economic-legal issues that arise in EU competition law.
Book Synopsis European Competition Law and Economics by : Roger van den Bergh
Download or read book European Competition Law and Economics written by Roger van den Bergh and published by Intersentia nv. This book was released on 2001 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to explore the economic fundamentals of European competition law.
Download or read book Bellamy & Child written by David Bailey and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Competition Law and Policy in the EU --Article 101(1) --Article 101(3) --Market Definition --Cartels --Non-Covert Horizontal Cooperation --Vertical Agreements Affecting Distribution or Supply --Merger Control --Intellectual Property Rights --Article 102 --The Competition Rules and the Acts of Member States --Sectoral Regimes --Enforcement and Procedure --Fines for Substantive Infringements --The Enforcement of the Competition Rules by National Competition Authorities --Litigating Infringements in National Courts --State Aids.
Author :European Commission. Directorate-General for Competition Publisher : ISBN 13 :9789289445054 Total Pages :140 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (45 download)
Book Synopsis European Union Competition Policy by : European Commission. Directorate-General for Competition
Download or read book European Union Competition Policy written by European Commission. Directorate-General for Competition and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Community Competition Policy by : Economic and Social Committee of the European Communities
Download or read book Community Competition Policy written by Economic and Social Committee of the European Communities and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of the Law of the Sharing Economy by : Nestor M. Davidson
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of the Law of the Sharing Economy written by Nestor M. Davidson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-22 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook grapples conceptually and practically with what the sharing economy - which includes entities ranging from large for-profit firms like Airbnb, Uber, Lyft, Taskrabbit, and Upwork to smaller, non-profit collaborative initiatives - means for law, and how law, in turn, is shaping critical aspects of the sharing economy. Featuring a diverse set of contributors from many academic disciplines and countries, the book compiles the most important, up-to-date research on the regulation of the sharing economy. The first part surveys the nature of the sharing economy, explores the central challenge of balancing innovation and regulatory concerns, and examines the institutions confronting these regulatory challenges, and the second part turns to a series of specific regulatory domains, including labor and employment law, consumer protection, tax, and civil rights. This groundbreaking work should be read by anyone interested in the dynamic relationship between law and the sharing economy.
Book Synopsis Competition Policy for Small Market Economies by : Michal S. GAL
Download or read book Competition Policy for Small Market Economies written by Michal S. GAL and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Michal Gal's thorough analysis shows the effects of market size on competition policy, ranging from rules of thumb to more general policy prescriptions, such as goals and remedial tools. Competition policy in small economies is becoming increasingly important, since the number of small jurisdictions adopting such policy is rapidly growing. Gal's focus extends beyond domestic competition policy to the evaluation of the current trend toward the worldwide harmonization of policies.
