Decision Aiding Software And Legal Decision Making

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Decision-Aiding Software and Legal Decision-Making

Author : Stuart S. Nagel
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Decision-Aiding Software and Legal Decision-Making by : Stuart S. Nagel

Download or read book Decision-Aiding Software and Legal Decision-Making written by Stuart S. Nagel and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1989-09-26 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of microcomputers as decision aids in law practice is increasing rapidly. Nagel here shows how developments in software over the last few years are making microcomputers practically indispensable to lawyers as decision aids. This is in contrast to his earlier book on Microcomputers as Decision Aids in Law Practice. It dealt speculatively with ways in which decision-aiding software could be used by lawyers for judicial prediction, litigation strategy, allocating scarce resources, and negotiation-mediation. The book is divided into three parts covering general developments, specific lawyer skills, and application to all fields of law. The first part previews various uses of decision-aiding software by practicing lawyers, including a general discussion of the potential and actual benefits of such software. How decision-aiding software enhances specific lawyer skills comprises the second and largest part of the work. Among the topics discussed are computer-aided counseling, computer-aided mediation, legal policy evaluation and computer-aided advocacy, law prediction, and legal administration. In the third part, Nagel assesses applications of decision-aiding software to all fields of law, with an emphasis on contracts, property, torts, family law, criminal law, constitutional law, economic regulation, international law, civil procedure, and criminal procedure. In a provocative concluding chapter, he deals with the thorny issues of individual ethics and professional responsibility in the context of microcomputers. Because decision-aiding software encourages decision makers to be much more explicit about their goals than they otherwise would be, its use raises questions as to whose goals should be pursued and to what degree. This is a nuts-and-bolts guidebook that will be a valuable tool for practicing attorneys with some knowledge of microcomputers and is recommended reading for legal scholars and law students.

Decision-Aiding Software

Author : Stuart S. Nagel
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1349116572
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (491 download)

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Book Synopsis Decision-Aiding Software by : Stuart S. Nagel

Download or read book Decision-Aiding Software written by Stuart S. Nagel and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991-06-18 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to clarify what is involved in using decision-aiding software in evaluative decision-making at a non-technical level. Topics covered include the skills that software enhances, the obstacles that it helps overcome, and the applications to diverse fields.

Applications in Decision-aiding Software

Author : Stuart S. Nagel
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1349124982
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (491 download)

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Book Synopsis Applications in Decision-aiding Software by : Stuart S. Nagel

Download or read book Applications in Decision-aiding Software written by Stuart S. Nagel and published by Springer. This book was released on 1992-06-18 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decision-aiding software is applied in this book to government, personal decisions, law, teaching, decision-analysis research, cross-national decision-making, business and politics.

Law, Decision-Making, and Microcomputers

Author : Stuart S. Nagel
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Law, Decision-Making, and Microcomputers by : Stuart S. Nagel

Download or read book Law, Decision-Making, and Microcomputers written by Stuart S. Nagel and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1991-02-28 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rise of microcomputers and the power that they've brought have revolutionized nearly every professional discipline, not the least of which is the field of law. This work presents a survey of microcomputers and decision-aiding software in law practices and the legal process, offering a variety of perspectives from contributors around the world. The book defines decision-making software as having the ability to aid in the processing of a set of law-related alternatives, relative criteria, or rules for determining which alternative should or will be chosen and the relationship between each alternative and criterion. These basic ideas are applied to the work of various members of the legal community, including practicing lawyers, legal policy-makers, and legal scholars. Following a detailed introduction that provides an overview of the nature, trends, and costs/benefits of decision-making software, the book focuses on the different members of the legal community and the normative and predictive questions that microcomputers and software can help to answer. Part One deals with the practicing lawyer, who must decide whether to go to trial or settle out of court, and predicts the outcome of going to trial or the effects of alternative contract clauses. The legal policymaker, who must decide among alternative statutes and predict the effect of legal policy, is addressed in Part Two. Topics of discussion here include the role of computers in federal tax compliance and using computers to assist in sentencing. Part Three examines the legal scholar and law training, covering subjects such as the American legal computer education and using microcomputers in case-method teaching. Finally, Part Four provides analyses that cut across all three parts of the legal profession, with special concentration on legal prescription and prediction that apply to a wide variety of legal fields, countries, and purposes of the law. This volume will be of particular interest to practicing lawyers in government and private practice, law professors and students, and legal researchers and librarians. Public, academic, and law libraries will also find it to be a valuable addition to their collections.

SHYSTER: A Pragmatic Legal Expert System

Author : James Popple
Publisher : Australian National Univ.
ISBN 13 : 0731518276
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis SHYSTER: A Pragmatic Legal Expert System by : James Popple

Download or read book SHYSTER: A Pragmatic Legal Expert System written by James Popple and published by Australian National Univ.. This book was released on 1993-04-29 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most legal expert systems attempt to implement complex models of legal reasoning. But the utility of a legal expert system lies not in the extent to which it simulates a lawyer’s approach to a legal problem, but in the quality of its predictions and of its arguments. A complex model of legal reasoning is not necessary: a successful legal expert system can be based upon a simplified model of legal reasoning. Some researchers have based their systems upon a jurisprudential approach to the law, yet lawyers are patently able to operate without any jurisprudential insight. A useful legal expert system should be capable of producing advice similar to that which one might get from a lawyer, so it should operate at the same pragmatic level of abstraction as does a lawyer—not at the more philosophical level of jurisprudence. A legal expert system called SHYSTER has been developed to demonstrate that a useful legal expert system can be based upon a pragmatic approach to the law. SHYSTER has a simple representation structure which simplifies the problem of knowledge acquisition. Yet this structure is complex enough for SHYSTER to produce useful advice. SHYSTER is a case-based legal expert system (although it has been designed so that it can be linked with a rule-based system to form a hybrid legal expert system). Its advice is based upon an examination of, and an argument about, the similarities and differences between cases. SHYSTER attempts to model the way in which lawyers argue with cases, but it does not attempt to model the way in which lawyers decide which cases to use in those arguments. Instead, it employs statistical techniques to quantify the similarity between cases. It decides which cases to use in argument, and what prediction it will make, on the basis of that similarity measure. SHYSTER is of a general design: it can provide advice in areas of case law that have been specified by a legal expert using a specification language. Hence, it can operate in different legal domains. Four different, and disparate, areas of law have been specified for SHYSTER, and its operation has been tested in each of those domains. Testing of SHYSTER in these four domains indicates that it is exceptionally good at predicting results, and fairly good at choosing cases with which to construct its arguments. SHYSTER demonstrates the viability of a pragmatic approach to legal expert system design.

A Pragmatic Legal Expert System

Author : James Popple
Publisher : Dartmouth (Ashgate)
ISBN 13 : 1855217392
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (552 download)

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Book Synopsis A Pragmatic Legal Expert System by : James Popple

Download or read book A Pragmatic Legal Expert System written by James Popple and published by Dartmouth (Ashgate). This book was released on 1996-05-21 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most legal expert systems attempt to implement complex models of legal reasoning. This book argues that a complex model is unnecessary. It advocates a simpler, pragmatic approach in which the utility of a legal expert system is evaluated by reference, not to the extent to which it simulates a lawyer's approach to a legal problem, but to the quality of its predictions and of its arguments. The author describes the development of a legal expert system, called SHYSTER, which takes a pragmatic approach to case law. He discusses the testing of SHYSTER in four different and disparate areas of case law, and draws conclusions about the advantages and limitations of this approach to legal expert system development. Chapter 1 presents a critical analysis of previous work of relevance to the development of legal expert systems. Chapter 2 explains the pragmatic approach that was adopted in the development of SHYSTER. The implementation of SHYSTER is detailed using examples in chapter 3. Chapter 4 describes the testing of SHYSTER, and conclusions are drawn from those tests in chapter 5. Examples of SHYSTER's output are provided in appendices.

International Policy Studies Curriculum

Author : Stuart S. Nagel
Publisher : Nova Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781594546945
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (469 download)

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Book Synopsis International Policy Studies Curriculum by : Stuart S. Nagel

Download or read book International Policy Studies Curriculum written by Stuart S. Nagel and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The basic elements of this book involve integrating five policy problems, four developing regions, and four fields of knowledge. The five policy problems are economic, technology, social, political, and legal. The four developing regions are Africa, Asia, East Europe, and Latin America. The four fields of knowledge are natural science, social science, humanities, and law. A part of this book was published as International Policy Studies: A Win-Win Curriculum.

Public Policy Evaluation

Author : Stuart S. Nagel
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429831080
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

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Book Synopsis Public Policy Evaluation by : Stuart S. Nagel

Download or read book Public Policy Evaluation written by Stuart S. Nagel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-08-13 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1998, this volume examines how super-optimum decisions involve finding alternatives to controversies whereby Conservatives, Liberals, or other major groups can all come out ahead of their best initial expectations simultaneously. This book is organised in terms of concepts, methods, causes, process, substance, and the policy studies profession. Concepts clarify that policy evaluation traditionally involves: (1) Goals to be achieved; (2) Alternatives available for achieving them; (3) Relations between goals and alternatives; (4) Drawing a conclusion as to the best alternative in light of the goals, alternatives, and relations; and (5) Analysing how the conclusion would change if there were changes in the goals, alternatives, or relations. Super-optimizing also involves five related steps, but with the following improvements: (1) Goals are designed as conservative, liberal, or neutral; (2) Alternatives get the same designations; (3) Relations are simplified to indicate which alternatives are relatively high or low on each goal; (4) The conclusion involves arriving at an alternative that does better on Goal A than Alternative A, and simultaneously better on Goal B than Alternative B; and (5) The fifth step involves analysing the super-optimum or win-win alternative in terms of its feasibility as to the economic, technological, psychological, political, administrative, and legal matters.

Research in Law and Policy Studies

Author : Stuart S. Nagel
Publisher : JAI Press
ISBN 13 : 9781559381123
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (811 download)

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Book Synopsis Research in Law and Policy Studies by : Stuart S. Nagel

Download or read book Research in Law and Policy Studies written by Stuart S. Nagel and published by JAI Press. This book was released on 1995-08 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Public Policy Evaluation

Author : Stuart S. Nagel
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 9780761923749
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (237 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Public Policy Evaluation by : Stuart S. Nagel

Download or read book Handbook of Public Policy Evaluation written by Stuart S. Nagel and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2002 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook deals with many aspects of public policy evaluation: including methods; examples; professionalism studies; perspectives; concepts; substance; theory applications; dispute resolution; interdisciplinary interaction.

Computer-Aided Judicial Analysis

Author : Stuart S. Nagel
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Computer-Aided Judicial Analysis by : Stuart S. Nagel

Download or read book Computer-Aided Judicial Analysis written by Stuart S. Nagel and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1992-10-23 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decision-aiding software, the underpinning of computer-aided judicial analysis, can facilitate the prediction of how cases are likely to be decided, prescribe decisions that should be reached in such cases, and help administrate more efficiently the court process. It can do so, says Nagel, by listing past cases on each row of a spreadsheet matrix, by listing predictive criteria in the columns, and in general by showing for each factual element the estimated probability of winning a case. The software aggregates the information available and deduces likely outcomes. But it can also prescribe judicial decisions by listing alternatives in the rows, the goals to be achieved in the columns, and by showing relations between alternatives in the cells. By similar means decision-aiding software can also help perform administrative tasks, such as rationally assigning judges or other personnel to cases, and by sequencing cases to reduce the time consumed by each case. In Part I, Nagel provides an overview of computer-aided analysis and the role of decision-aiding software in the legal process. In the second part he deals with judicial prediction from prior cases and from present facts; and in the third part he emphasizes the prescribing role of judges, particularly in deciding the rules that ought to be applied in civil and criminal procedures. Nagel also covers computer-aided mediation and provides a new perspective on judicial decisions. Then, in Part IV, he treats at length the process of judicial administration and how to improve its efficiency. Of particular interest to court personnel will be the benefits to be derived from reducing delays and in the docketing and sequencing of cases.

The Writers Directory

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1134 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Writers Directory by :

Download or read book The Writers Directory written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Encyclopedia of Policy Studies, Second Edition

Author : Stuart Nagel
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000148270
Total Pages : 1094 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Policy Studies, Second Edition by : Stuart Nagel

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Policy Studies, Second Edition written by Stuart Nagel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-18 with total page 1094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This entirely updated and enlarged Second Edition of a landmark reference/text continues to provide comprehensive coverage of every important aspect of policy studies--discussing concepts, methods, utilization, formation, and implementation both internationally and across each level of government."

Computer Aided Policy Making

Author : Ray Wyatt
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135920311
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (359 download)

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Book Synopsis Computer Aided Policy Making by : Ray Wyatt

Download or read book Computer Aided Policy Making written by Ray Wyatt and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-08-12 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will prove a unique source of information and instruction for anyone seeking to make better human-oriented policy, whether urban planner, business strategist, or manager in the field of education, health or welfare, Ingeniously Wyatt has created two books in one: the main text covers the types of software package available: mainstream software, peripheral software, innovative software, frontier software; the lessons generated from the software are outlined in lesson boxes. Readers can use the text alone to familiarize themselves with the computer packages or read the boxes only, or they can do both.

Evaluation and Decision Models

Author : Denis Bouyssou
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461515939
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation and Decision Models by : Denis Bouyssou

Download or read book Evaluation and Decision Models written by Denis Bouyssou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. 1 Motivations Deciding is a very complex and difficult task. Some people even argue that our ability to make decisions in complex situations is the main feature that distinguishes us from animals (it is also common to say that laughing is the main difference). Nevertheless, when the task is too complex or the interests at stake are too important, it quite often happens that we do not know or we are not sure what to decide and, in many instances, we resort to a decision support technique: an informal one-we toss a coin, we ask an oracle, we visit an astrologer, we consult an expert, we think-or a formal one. Although informal decision support techniques can be of interest, in this book, we will focus on formal ones. Among the latter, we find some well-known decision support techniques: cost-benefit analysis, multiple criteria decision analysis, decision trees, . . . But there are many other ones, sometimes not presented as decision support techniques, that help making decisions. Let us cite but a few examples. • When the director of a school must decide whether a given student will pass or fail, he usually asks each teacher to assess the merits of the student by means of a grade. The director then sums the grades and compares the result to a threshold. • When a bank must decide whether a given client will obtain a credit or not, a technique, called credit scoring, is often used.

Association of American Law Schools Journal of Legal Education

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 722 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Association of American Law Schools Journal of Legal Education by :

Download or read book Association of American Law Schools Journal of Legal Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Cambridge Handbook of the Law of Algorithms

Author : Woodrow Barfield
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108663184
Total Pages : 1327 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of the Law of Algorithms by : Woodrow Barfield

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of the Law of Algorithms written by Woodrow Barfield and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-05 with total page 1327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algorithms are a fundamental building block of artificial intelligence - and, increasingly, society - but our legal institutions have largely failed to recognize or respond to this reality. The Cambridge Handbook of the Law of Algorithms, which features contributions from US, EU, and Asian legal scholars, discusses the specific challenges algorithms pose not only to current law, but also - as algorithms replace people as decision makers - to the foundations of society itself. The work includes wide coverage of the law as it relates to algorithms, with chapters analyzing how human biases have crept into algorithmic decision-making about who receives housing or credit, the length of sentences for defendants convicted of crimes, and many other decisions that impact constitutionally protected groups. Other issues covered in the work include the impact of algorithms on the law of free speech, intellectual property, and commercial and human rights law.