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Dechlorination Of Carbon Tetrachloride With Zero Valent Iron Under Initially Oxic And Anoxic Conditions
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Book Synopsis Dechlorination of Carbon Tetrachloride with Zero-valent Iron Under Initially Oxic and Anoxic Conditions by : Bradley R. Helland
Download or read book Dechlorination of Carbon Tetrachloride with Zero-valent Iron Under Initially Oxic and Anoxic Conditions written by Bradley R. Helland and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Factors Affecting the Reductive Dechlorination of Carbon Tetrachloride by Zero-valent Iron by : Amanda S. Mutziger
Download or read book Factors Affecting the Reductive Dechlorination of Carbon Tetrachloride by Zero-valent Iron written by Amanda S. Mutziger and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reductive Dechlorination of Carbon Tetrachloride by Ferrous Sulfide Under Anaerobic Conditions by : Kun-Yu Lin
Download or read book Reductive Dechlorination of Carbon Tetrachloride by Ferrous Sulfide Under Anaerobic Conditions written by Kun-Yu Lin and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preprints of Papers by : American Chemical Society. Division of Environmental Chemistry
Download or read book Preprints of Papers written by American Chemical Society. Division of Environmental Chemistry and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1022 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transformation of Carbon Tetrachloride and Chloroform by Trichloroethene Respiring Anaerobic Mixed Cultures and Supernatant by : Kyle E. Vickstrom
Download or read book Transformation of Carbon Tetrachloride and Chloroform by Trichloroethene Respiring Anaerobic Mixed Cultures and Supernatant written by Kyle E. Vickstrom and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon tetrachloride (CT) and chloroform (CF) were transformed in batch reactor experiments conducted with anaerobic dechlorinating cultures and supernatant (ADC+S) harvested from continuous flow reactors. The Evanite (EV-5L) and Victoria/Stanford (VS-5L) cultures capable of respiring trichloroethene (TCE), 1,2-cis-dichloroethene (cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) to ethene (ETH) were grown in continuous flow reactors receiving an influent feed of saturated TCE (10 mM; 60 mEq) and formate (45 mM; 90 mEq) but no CT or CF. In all experiments, cells and supernatant were harvested from the chemostats and inoculated into batch reactors. Transformation of various concentrations of CT (0.86, 2.6, or 8.6 [micro]M), CF (2.1 or 21.1 [micro]M), dichloromethane (DCM; 23.1 [micro]M), and TCE (50 [micro]M) was examined. CT transformation was complete and exhibited pseudo-first order kinetics with CF as the primary measured transformation product in all treatments. Lesser amounts of DCM and carbon disulfide (CS2) were measured leading to an overall mass balance of 20-40% of the original mass as CT accounted for. An analytical first order solution was developed to model CT degradation and product formation under multiple conditions. Cells poisoned with 50 mM sodium azide (NaN3) catalyzed rapid and complete CT transformation suggesting a greater importance of redox active cofactors than live cells in the abiotic and cometabolic transformation. DCM and CS2 however were not produced in the poisoned treatments. TCE and CT simultaneous transformation occurred with an approximately two-fold increase in the CT degradation rate while maintaining complete TCE respiration to ETH. During the initial round of TCE respiration, the rate limiting step was VC to ETH, which was impacted by the presence of CT and CF. A subsequent addition of 50 [micro]M TCE showed a substantial decline in the rates of reductive dechlorination owing to the inhibitory effects of long term exposure to CF. The results clearly demonstrate that transformation can be promoted by anaerobic dechlorinating cultures and supernatant not previously acclimated to CT and CF. However, abiotic reactions account for much of the observed transformation. The role of CF inhibition on H2 utilization by the culture was also explored. Sodium formate was provided as a rapid release substrate, providing H2 as an electron donor. H2 partial pressures were tracked throughout the course of the kinetic experiments. The rapid transformation of CT to CF made it not possible to determine if CT inhibited H2 use by the anaerobic dechlorinating cultures. However, the rapid buildup and subsequent slow transformation of CF was found to reversibly inhibit H2 consumption for homoacetogenesis. It was found that an aqueous CF concentration above 0.4 [micro]M or 0.6 [micro]M inhibited H2 consumption by the EV-5L and VS-5L cultures, respectively. This result differed for the VS-5L culture when metabolizing TCE in the presence of CT and CF. The VS-5L culture consumed H2 at CF concentrations as high as 1.3 [micro]M. The culture may have been partially inhibited at CF concentrations greater than 0.6 [micro]M, which is shown by slower consumption of H2 than controls that did not contain CF. The results demonstrate that CF reversibly inhibits the consumption of H2 by the anaerobic dechlorinating cultures, and that more research is required to determine if it is through a chemical inhibition or toxicity.
Book Synopsis A Model to Characterize the Kinetics of Dechlorination of Tetrachloroethylene and Trichloroethylene By a Zero Valent Iron Permeable Reactive Barrier by : Signe Martha Ulsamer
Download or read book A Model to Characterize the Kinetics of Dechlorination of Tetrachloroethylene and Trichloroethylene By a Zero Valent Iron Permeable Reactive Barrier written by Signe Martha Ulsamer and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A one dimensional, multiple reaction pathway model of the dechlorination reactions of trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) as these species pass through a zero valent iron permeable reactive barrier (PRB) was produced. Three different types of rate equations were tested; first order, surface controlled with interspecies competition, and surface controlled with inter and intra species competition. The first order rate equations predicted the most accurate results when compared to actual data from permeable reactive barriers. Sensitivity analysis shows that the most important variable in determining TCE concentration in the barrier is the first order rate constant for the degradation of TCE. The velocity of the water through the barrier is the second most important variable determining TCE concentration. For PCE the concentration in the barrier is most sensitive to the velocity of the water and to the first order degradation rate constant for the PCE to dichloroacetylene reaction. Overall, zero valent iron barriers are more effective for the treatment of TCE than PCE.
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Particles for Environmental Restoration by : Tanapon Phenrat
Download or read book Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Particles for Environmental Restoration written by Tanapon Phenrat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first complete edited volume devoted to providing comprehensive and state-of-the art descriptions of science principles and pilot- and field-scaled engineering applications of nanoscale zerovalent iron particles (NZVI) for soil and groundwater remediation. Although several books on environmental nanotechnology contain chapters of NZVI for environmental remediation (Wiesner and Bottero (2007); Geiger and Carvalho-Knighton (2009); Diallo et al. (2009); Ram et al. (2011)), none of them include a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental and applied aspects of NZVI applications. Most devote a chapter or two discussing a contemporary aspect of NZVI. In addition, environmental nanotechnology has a broad audience including environmental engineers and scientists, geochemists, material scientists, physicists, chemists, biologists, ecologists and toxicologists. None of the current books contain enough background material for such multidisciplinary readers, making it difficult for a graduate student or even an experienced researcher or environmental remediation practitioner new to nanotechnology to catch up with the massive, undigested literature. This prohibits the reader from gaining a complete understanding of NZVI science and technology. In this volume, the sixteen chapters are based on more than two decades of laboratory research and development and field-scaled demonstrations of NZVI implementation. The authors of each chapter are leading researchers and/or practitioners in NZVI technology. This book aims to be an important resource for all levels of audiences, i.e. graduate students, experienced environmental and nanotechnology researchers, and practitioners evaluating environmental remediation, as it is designed to involve everything from basic to advanced concepts.
Book Synopsis Chemical Kinetics and Process Dynamics in Aquatic Systems by : PatrickL. Brezonik
Download or read book Chemical Kinetics and Process Dynamics in Aquatic Systems written by PatrickL. Brezonik and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Kinetics and Process Dynamics in Aquatic Systems is devoted to chemical reactions and biogeochemical processes in aquatic systems. The book provides a thorough analysis of the principles, mathematics, and analytical tools used in chemical, microbial, and reactor kinetics. It also presents a comprehensive, up-to-date description of the kinetics of important chemical processes in aquatic environments. Aquatic photochemistry and correlation methods (e.g., LFERs and QSARs) to predict process rates are covered. Numerous examples are included, and each chapter has a detailed bibliography and problems sets. The book will be an excellent text/reference for professionals and students in such fields as aquatic chemistry, limnology, aqueous geochemistry, microbial ecology, marine science, environmental and water resources engineering, and geochemistry.
Book Synopsis Organohalide-Respiring Bacteria by : Lorenz Adrian
Download or read book Organohalide-Respiring Bacteria written by Lorenz Adrian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning bacteria that use halogenated organic compounds as respiratory electron acceptors. The discovery of organohalide-respiring bacteria has expanded the range of electron acceptors used for energy conservation, and serves as a prime example of how scientific discoveries are enabling innovative engineering solutions that have transformed remediation practice. Individual chapters provide in-depth background information on the discovery, isolation, phylogeny, biochemistry, genomic features, and ecology of individual organohalide-respiring genera, including Dehalococcoides, Dehalogenimonas, Dehalobacter, Desulfitobacterium and Sulfurospirillum, as well as organohalide-respiring members of the Deltaproteobacteria. The book introduces readers to the fascinating biology of organohalide-respiring bacteria, offering a valuable resource for students, engineers and practitioners alike.
Download or read book Dehalogenation written by Max M. Häggblom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Halogenated organic compounds constitute one of the largest groups of environmental chemicals. The industrial production of new halogenated organic compounds has increased throughout the last century peaking in the 1960s, and continuing in widespread use today. Organohalides are integral to a variety of industrial applications, including use as solvents, degreasing agents, biocides, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, hydraulic and heat transfer fluids, and intermediates for chemical synthesis, to name a few. It is important to recognize the beneficial aspects of halogenated organic compounds, as well as their potentially deleterious impact on the environment and health. Recognition ofthe adverse environmental effects ofmanytypes oforganohalide compounds has led to efforts to reduce or eliminate the most problematic ones. Although organohalide compounds are typically considered to be anthropogenic industrial compounds, they have their counterpart in several thousands of natural biogenic and geogenic organohalides, representing most classes of organic chemicals. Natural sources account for a significant portion of the global organohalogen budget. This volume authored by recognized experts in the field provides a current perspective on how both natural and synthetic organohalides are formed and degraded, and how these processes are incorporated into a global halogen cycle. The focus is on microbial processes, since these play a major role both in the production and degradation, i. e. , cycling of halogenated organic compounds inthe environment. This book is organized into five parts. Part I, Introduction, provides a global perspective on the issues of organohalides and their fate in the environment.
Book Synopsis Aquatic Redox Chemistry by : Paul Tratnyek
Download or read book Aquatic Redox Chemistry written by Paul Tratnyek and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-06-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive overview of aquatic redox chemistry through chapters contributed by many of the leading investigators in the field.
Download or read book Pollution Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Groundwater and Soil Cleanup by : National Research Council
Download or read book Groundwater and Soil Cleanup written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-11-21 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive, up-to-date review of technologies for cleaning up contaminants in groundwater and soil. It provides a special focus on three classes of contaminants that have proven very difficult to treat once released to the subsurface: metals, radionuclides, and dense nonaqueous-phase liquids such as chlorinated solvents. Groundwater and Soil Cleanup was commissioned by the Department of Energy (DOE) as part of its program to clean up contamination in the nuclear weapons production complex. In addition to a review of remediation technologies, the book describes new trends in regulation of contaminated sites and assesses DOE's program for developing new subsurface cleanup technologies.
Book Synopsis Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation by : Bernard H. Kueper
Download or read book Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation written by Bernard H. Kueper and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to help engineers and scientists better understand dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination of groundwater and the methods and technology used for characterization and remediation. Remediation of DNAPL source zones is very difficult and controversial and must be based on state-of-the-art knowledge of the behavior (transport and fate) of nonaqueous phase liquids in the subsurface and site specific geology, chemistry and hydrology. This volume is focused on the characterization and remediation of nonaqueous phase chlorinated solvents and it is hoped that mid-level engineers and scientists will find this book helpful in understanding the current state-of-practice of DNAPL source zone management and remediation.
Book Synopsis Abatement of Environmental Pollutants by : Pardeep Singh
Download or read book Abatement of Environmental Pollutants written by Pardeep Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abatement of Environmental Pollutants: Trends and Strategies addresses new technologies and provides strategies for environmental scientists, microbiologists and biotechnologists to help solve problems associated with the treatment of industrial wastewater. The book helps readers solve pollution challenges using microorganisms in bioremediation technologies, including discussions on global technologies that have been adopted for the treatment of industrial wastewater and sections on the lack of proper management. Moreover, limited space, more stringent waste disposal regulations and public consciousness have made the present techniques expensive and impractical. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop sustainable management technologies for industries and municipalities. To remove the damaging effect of organic pollutants on the environment, various new technologies for their degradation have been recently discovered. - Covers bioremediation of petrochemical pollutants, such as Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, Ethyl Benzene, and phenolic compound - Includes discussions on genetic engineering microbes and their potential in pollution abatement - Contains information on plant growth promoting bacteria and their role in environment management
Book Synopsis Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere by : Peter Warneck
Download or read book Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere written by Peter Warneck and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-10-29 with total page 947 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge of thc chemical behavior of trace compounds in the atmosphere has grown steadily, and sometimes even spectacularly, in recent decades. These developments have led to the emergence of atmospheric chemistry as a new branch of science. This book covers all aspects of atmospheric chemistry on a global scale, integrating information from chemistry and geochemistry, physics, and biology to provide a unified account. For each atmospheric constituent of interest, the text summarizes the principal observations on global distribution, chemical reactions, natural and anthropogenic sources, and physical removal processes. Coverage includes processes in the gas phase, in aerosols and c1ouds, and in precipitation, as well as biogeochemical cycles and the evolution of the atmosphere. Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere, Second Edition, will serve as a textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate courses, and as an essential reference for atmospheric chemists, meteorologists, and anyone studying the biogeochemical cycles of trace gases.* Updated extensively from the highly respected first edition * Treats the global-scale chemistry and distribution of atmospheric trace constituents * Emphasizes observations and their interpretation* Provides background on transport and reaction kinetics for interpretation of observational data* Includes chemistry in the gas phase and in aerosols and clouds* Details chemical reaction pathways for the most important trace constituents* Describes pertinent biogeochemical cycles* Written by an author with more than 40 years of research experience in atmospheric chemistry
