Death Squads Or Self Defense Forces

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Death Squads or Self-Defense Forces?

Author : Julie Mazzei
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 0807898619
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Death Squads or Self-Defense Forces? by : Julie Mazzei

Download or read book Death Squads or Self-Defense Forces? written by Julie Mazzei and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an era when the global community is confronted with challenges posed by violent nonstate organizations--from FARC in Colombia to the Taliban in Afghanistan--our understanding of the nature and emergence of these groups takes on heightened importance. Julie Mazzei's timely study offers a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics that facilitate the organization and mobilization of one of the most virulent types of these organizations, paramilitary groups (PMGs). Mazzei reconstructs in rich historical context the organization of PMGs in Colombia, El Salvador, and Mexico, identifying the variables that together create a triad of factors enabling paramilitary emergence: ambivalent state officials, powerful military personnel, and privileged members of the economic elite. Nations embroiled in domestic conflicts often find themselves stuck between a rock and a hard place when global demands for human rights contradict internal expectations and demands for political stability. Mazzei elucidates the importance of such circumstances in the emergence of PMGs, exploring the roles played by interests and policies at both the domestic and international levels. By offering an explanatory model of paramilitary emergence, Mazzei provides a framework to facilitate more effective policy making aimed at mitigating and undermining the political potency of these dangerous forces.

Death Squads Or Self-defense Forces?

Author : Julie Mazzei
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 0807833061
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Death Squads Or Self-defense Forces? by : Julie Mazzei

Download or read book Death Squads Or Self-defense Forces? written by Julie Mazzei and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes the dynamics that facilitate the emergence and mobilization of paramilitary groups, and provides a framework to develop effective policies aimed at making these organizations less of a danger.

A History of Political Murder in Latin America

Author : W. John Green
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438456654
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Political Murder in Latin America by : W. John Green

Download or read book A History of Political Murder in Latin America written by W. John Green and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This expansive history depicts Latin America's pan-regional culture of political murder. Unlike typical studies of the region, which often focus on the issues or trends of individual countries, this work focuses thematically on the nature of political murder itself, comparing and contrasting its uses and practices throughout the region. W. John Green examines the entire system of political murder: the methods and justifications the perpetrators employ, the victims, and the consequences for Latin American societies. Green demonstrates that elite and state actors have been responsible for most political murders, assassinating the leaders of popular movements and other messengers of change. Latin American elites have also often targeted the potential audience for these messages through the region's various "dirty wars." In spite of regional differences, elites across the region have displayed considerable uniformity in justifying their use of murder, imagining themselves in a class war with democratic forces. While the United States has often been complicit in such violence, Green notes that this has not been universally true, with US support waxing and waning. A detailed appendix, exploring political murder country by country, provides an additional resource for readers.

The Colombian Civil War

Author : Bert Ruiz
Publisher : McFarland
ISBN 13 : 078645072X
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (864 download)

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Book Synopsis The Colombian Civil War by : Bert Ruiz

Download or read book The Colombian Civil War written by Bert Ruiz and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2012-12-01 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2000, the National Police of Colombia reported that 25,660 people met violent deaths in that country. According to the office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights in Colombia, 170 civilians were killed in the first 18 days of 2001 in massacres and selective homicides related to that country's terrible civil war. By drawing on diverse sources of information, this work brings together the thoughts of historians, journalists, human rights activists, social scientists, military veterans, law enforcement officials, Congressional investigators, financial analysts, lawyers, Roman Catholic priests, peace organization spokespersons and others about the volatile present-day situation in Colombia. It explains the complexities of the drug-financed civil war and details Washington's concern that the Colombian conflict will destabilize the Andean region. Photographs and maps enhance the text.

Death Squad

Author : Jeffrey A. Sluka
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812200489
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Death Squad by : Jeffrey A. Sluka

Download or read book Death Squad written by Jeffrey A. Sluka and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2010-08-03 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "There is real personal danger for anthropologists who dare to speak and write against terror; by doing so, they potentially and sometimes actually bring the terror down on themselves."—Jeffrey A. Sluka, from the Introduction Death Squad is the first work to focus specifically on the anthropology of state terror. It brings together an international group of anthropologists who have done extensive research in areas marked by extreme forms of state violence and who have studied state terror from the perspective of victims and survivors. The book presents eight case studies from seven countries—Spain, India (Punjab and Kashmir), Argentina, Guatemala, Northern Ireland, Indonesia, and the Philippines—to demonstrate the cultural complexities and ambiguities of terror when viewed at the local level and from the participants' point of view. Contributors deal with such topics as the role of Loyalist death squads in the culture of terror in Northern Ireland, the three-tier mechanism of state terror in Indonesia, the complex role of religion in violence by both the state and insurgents in Punjab and Kashmir, and the ways in which "disappearances" are used to destabilize and demoralize opponents of the state in Argentina, Guatemala, and India.

The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Second Edition

Author : Gus Martin
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1452266387
Total Pages : 721 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

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Book Synopsis The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Second Edition by : Gus Martin

Download or read book The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Second Edition written by Gus Martin and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2011-06-15 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Six years after publication of the first edition of the best-selling Encyclopedia of Terrorism, much has changed on the national security scene. Despite the dark promises of Osama bin Laden following the 9/11 attacks, the United States has not experienced any major domestic terror incidents. Al-Qaeda itself is believed to be a severely crippled organization. But while U.S. wars in Afghanistan and Iraq--not to mention the arrival of the Obama administration, a new balance of power within Congress, and an increasingly fragile economic picture--have significantly affected the national security picture, the threat of economic chaos and massive loss of life due to terror attacks has not abated. Indeed, in July 2008 analysts pointed out that even a relatively small terrorist organization could present a dire threat, with some experts arguing that a biological, chemical, or even nuclear attack on a major U.S. city is all but inevitable. In this highly charged, rapidly shifting environment, we are pleased to present the The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Second Edition, a thoroughly updated and expanded edition of the original, highly regarded reference work. Nearly 100,000 words of new material will be added, along with fully updated original entries, and expanded coverage. New introductory essays will explore the impact of terrorism on economics, public health, religion, and even pop culture. Ethical issues such as the role of torture in interrogations, competing notions of security versus liberty, and the debates over FISA legislation and Guantanamo Bay will also be covered. Two dozen entries on significant recent events—such as the London bombings, Chechen attacks on Russian interests, and the rescue of Ingrid Bettancourt—and some 60 additional new entries will restore the work as an up-to-the-minute, natural first-stop for researchers.

Self-Defense in Mexico

Author : Luis Hernández Navarro
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469654547
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Self-Defense in Mexico by : Luis Hernández Navarro

Download or read book Self-Defense in Mexico written by Luis Hernández Navarro and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2020-03-02 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Mexico and across other parts of Latin America local Indigenous peoples have built community policing groups as a means of protection where the state has limited control over, and even complicity in, crime and violence. Luis Hernandez Navarro, a leading Mexican journalist, offers a riveting investigation of these armed self-defense groups that sprang up around the time of the 1994 Zapatista uprising in Chiapas. Available in English for the first time, the book spotlights the intense precarity of everyday life in parts of Mexico. Hernandez Navarro shows how the self-defense response, which now includes wealthier rancher and farmer groups, is being transformed by Mexico's expanding role in the multibillion dollar global drug trade, by foreign corporations' extraction of raw minerals in traditionally Indigenous lands, and by the resulting social changes in local communities. But as Hernandez Navarro acknowledges, self-defense is highly controversial. Community policing may provide citizens with increased agency, but for government officials it can be a dangerous threat to the status quo. Leftists and liberals are wary of how the groups may be linked to paramilitary forces and vulnerable to manipulation by drug traffickers and the government alike. This book answers the urgent call to understand the dangerous complexities of government failures and popular solutions.

Combatants in African Conflicts

Author : Simon David Taylor
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351065440
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Combatants in African Conflicts by : Simon David Taylor

Download or read book Combatants in African Conflicts written by Simon David Taylor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-05-10 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the different types of combatants in conflicts in Africa, exploring the fine lines between what might be classified as a militia in one conflict, a rebel in another, or a terrorist in a third. Drawing on the work of Carl von Clausewitz, this book provides a conceptually stable and analytically sound new typology on combatants. Analysing the relationships between state and society, and drawing on Clausewitz's Trinity of passion, chance, and reason, the book presents a set of five types of armed actors: Professionals, Praetorians, Militias, Insurgents, and Mercenaries. Each type is developed through a close reading of foundational theoretical texts, reviews of contemporary studies, and a historical analysis of their unique characteristics. Unlike a reductionist binary perspective, this typology accounts for the dynamic, complex, and evolving relationships of these actors with the state and society. A typology of combatants in conflicts in Africa can provide avenues for more in-depth analysis of such conflicts and holds implications for Security Sector Reform projects and other peace-building programmes. As such, this book will be an essential reference for scholars and students of African Politics and Military and Security Studies.

Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Revised Edition

Author : Cindy C. Combs
Publisher : Infobase Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1438110197
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Revised Edition by : Cindy C. Combs

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Revised Edition written by Cindy C. Combs and published by Infobase Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a reference guide to terrorism throughout the world, including history, terrorist groups, and notorious acts of terrorism.

Understanding Terrorism

Author : Gus Martin
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1452205825
Total Pages : 619 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Terrorism by : Gus Martin

Download or read book Understanding Terrorism written by Gus Martin and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2013 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a particular emphasis on terrorist incidents, this fourth edition has been fully updated to provide readers with a wide-ranging and crucial resource on contemporary terrorism.

Drug War American Style

Author : Jurg Gerber
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135689571
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis Drug War American Style by : Jurg Gerber

Download or read book Drug War American Style written by Jurg Gerber and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-08 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of scholarly essays discusses the internationalization of American drug policy from a variety of perspectives and features articles on Hong Kong, Britain, Australia, Canada, Taiwan, Latin America, the Netherlands and Switzerland.

Death Squads in Global Perspective

Author : B. Campbell
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230108148
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Death Squads in Global Perspective by : B. Campbell

Download or read book Death Squads in Global Perspective written by B. Campbell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2002-10-17 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Death squads have become an increasingly common feature of the modern world. In nearly all instances, their establishment is tolerated, encouraged, or undertaken by the state itself, which thereby risks its monopoly on the use of force, one of the fundamental characteristics of modern states. Why do such a variety of regimes, under very different circumstances, condone such activity? Death Squads in Global Perspective hopes to answer that question and explain not only their development, but also why they can be expected to proliferate in the early 21st century.

Los Zetas Inc.

Author : Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 1477312773
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (773 download)

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Book Synopsis Los Zetas Inc. by : Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera

Download or read book Los Zetas Inc. written by Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2017-08-15 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid growth of organized crime in Mexico and the government’s response to it have driven an unprecedented rise in violence and impelled major structural economic changes, including the recent passage of energy reform. Los Zetas Inc. asserts that these phenomena are a direct and intended result of the emergence of the brutal Zetas criminal organization in the Mexican border state of Tamaulipas. Going beyond previous studies of the group as a drug trafficking organization, Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera builds a convincing case that the Zetas and similar organizations effectively constitute transnational corporations with business practices that include the trafficking of crude oil, natural gas, and gasoline; migrant and weapons smuggling; kidnapping for ransom; and video and music piracy. Combining vivid interview commentary with in-depth analysis of organized crime as a transnational and corporate phenomenon, Los Zetas Inc. proposes a new theoretical framework for understanding the emerging face, new structure, and economic implications of organized crime in Mexico. Correa-Cabrera delineates the Zetas establishment, structure, and forms of operation, along with the reactions to this new model of criminality by the state and other lawbreaking, foreign, and corporate actors. Since the Zetas share some characteristics with legal transnational businesses that operate in the energy and private security industries, she also compares this criminal corporation with ExxonMobil, Halliburton, and Blackwater (renamed “Academi” and now a Constellis company). Asserting that the elevated level of violence between the Zetas and the Mexican state resembles a civil war, Correa-Cabrera identifies the beneficiaries of this war, including arms-producing companies, the international banking system, the US border economy, the US border security/military-industrial complex, and corporate capital, especially international oil and gas companies.

Paramilitarism

Author : Uğur Ümit Üngör
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198825242
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Paramilitarism by : Uğur Ümit Üngör

Download or read book Paramilitarism written by Uğur Ümit Üngör and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the deserts of Sudan to the jungles of Colombia, from the streets of Belfast to the mountains of Kurdistan, paramilitaries have appeared in violent conflicts. Ungor presents a comparative and global overview of paramilitarism, showing how states use it to successfully outsource mass political violence against civilians.

Historical Dictionary of Terrorism

Author : Stephen Sloan
Publisher : Scarecrow Press
ISBN 13 : 0810863111
Total Pages : 877 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Historical Dictionary of Terrorism by : Stephen Sloan

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Terrorism written by Stephen Sloan and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2009-08-03 with total page 877 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Department of Defense defines terrorism as 'the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.' While terrorism has been around for centuries, it was the al Qa'eda attacks of September 11, 2001, that brought home to the world, and most particularly the United States, just how dangerous terrorism can be. The third edition of the Historical Dictionary of Terrorism presents the full spectrum of forms of political violence through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on major terrorist groups and their leaders, significant terrorist events, cyber-terrorism, counterterrorism, and social science concepts regarding the motivations and group dynamics of terrorist groups. Authors Sean K. Anderson and Stephen Sloan move beyond the gut reaction we have to this volatile and divisive topic by providing a reliable and objective reference on terrorism.

Repertoires of Terrorism

Author : Andreas E. Feldmann
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231560001
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Repertoires of Terrorism by : Andreas E. Feldmann

Download or read book Repertoires of Terrorism written by Andreas E. Feldmann and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2024-06-25 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do armed groups employ terrorism in markedly different ways during civil wars? Drawing on more than a decade of fieldwork, Andreas E. Feldmann examines the disparate behavior of actors including guerrilla groups, state security forces, and paramilitaries during Colombia’s long and bloody civil war. Analyzing the varieties of violence in this conflict, he develops a new theory of the dynamics of terrorism in civil wars. Feldmann argues that armed groups’ distinct uses—repertoires—of terrorism arise from their particular organizational identities, the central and enduring attributes that distinguish one faction from other warring parties. He investigates a range of groups that took part in the Colombian conflict over the course of its evolution from ideological to criminal warfare, demonstrating that organizational identity plays a critical role in producing and rationalizing violence. Armed parties employ their unique repertoires as a means of communication to assert their relevance and territorial presence and to differentiate themselves from enemies and rivals. Repertoires of Terrorism is based on an extensive data set covering thousands of incidents, as well as interviews, archival research, and testimony. It sheds new light on both armed groups’ use of violence in Colombia’s civil war and the factors that shape terrorist activity in other conflicts.

Paramilitarism and the Assault on Democracy in Haiti

Author : Jeb Sprague
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1583673016
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (836 download)

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Book Synopsis Paramilitarism and the Assault on Democracy in Haiti by : Jeb Sprague

Download or read book Paramilitarism and the Assault on Democracy in Haiti written by Jeb Sprague and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2012-08 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this path-breaking book, Jeb Sprague investigates the dangerous world of right-wing paramilitarism in Haiti and its role in undermining the democratic aspirations of the Haitian people. Sprague focuses on the period beginning in 1990 with the rise of Haiti’s first democratically elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, and the right-wing movements that succeeded in driving him from power. Over the ensuing two decades, paramilitary violence was largely directed against the poor and supporters of Aristide’s Lavalas movement, taking the lives of thousands of Haitians. Sprague seeks to understand how this occurred, and traces connections between paramilitaries and their elite financial and political backers, in Haiti but also in the United States and the Dominican Republic. The product of years of original research, this book draws on over fifty interviews—some of which placed the author in severe danger—and more than 11,000 documents secured through Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests. It makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of Haiti today, and is a vivid reminder of how democratic struggles in poor countries are often met with extreme violence organized at the behest of capital.