Introduction to Data Science

Download Introduction to Data Science PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000708039
Total Pages : 836 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to Data Science by : Rafael A. Irizarry

Download or read book Introduction to Data Science written by Rafael A. Irizarry and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Data Science: Data Analysis and Prediction Algorithms with R introduces concepts and skills that can help you tackle real-world data analysis challenges. It covers concepts from probability, statistical inference, linear regression, and machine learning. It also helps you develop skills such as R programming, data wrangling, data visualization, predictive algorithm building, file organization with UNIX/Linux shell, version control with Git and GitHub, and reproducible document preparation. This book is a textbook for a first course in data science. No previous knowledge of R is necessary, although some experience with programming may be helpful. The book is divided into six parts: R, data visualization, statistics with R, data wrangling, machine learning, and productivity tools. Each part has several chapters meant to be presented as one lecture. The author uses motivating case studies that realistically mimic a data scientist’s experience. He starts by asking specific questions and answers these through data analysis so concepts are learned as a means to answering the questions. Examples of the case studies included are: US murder rates by state, self-reported student heights, trends in world health and economics, the impact of vaccines on infectious disease rates, the financial crisis of 2007-2008, election forecasting, building a baseball team, image processing of hand-written digits, and movie recommendation systems. The statistical concepts used to answer the case study questions are only briefly introduced, so complementing with a probability and statistics textbook is highly recommended for in-depth understanding of these concepts. If you read and understand the chapters and complete the exercises, you will be prepared to learn the more advanced concepts and skills needed to become an expert.

Introductory Business Statistics 2e

Download Introductory Business Statistics 2e PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1801 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introductory Business Statistics 2e by : Alexander Holmes

Download or read book Introductory Business Statistics 2e written by Alexander Holmes and published by . This book was released on 2023-12-13 with total page 1801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introductory Business Statistics 2e aligns with the topics and objectives of the typical one-semester statistics course for business, economics, and related majors. The text provides detailed and supportive explanations and extensive step-by-step walkthroughs. The author places a significant emphasis on the development and practical application of formulas so that students have a deeper understanding of their interpretation and application of data. Problems and exercises are largely centered on business topics, though other applications are provided in order to increase relevance and showcase the critical role of statistics in a number of fields and real-world contexts. The second edition retains the organization of the original text. Based on extensive feedback from adopters and students, the revision focused on improving currency and relevance, particularly in examples and problems. This is an adaptation of Introductory Business Statistics 2e by OpenStax. You can access the textbook as pdf for free at openstax.org. Minor editorial changes were made to ensure a better ebook reading experience. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Statistical Distributions

Download Statistical Distributions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118097823
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Statistical Distributions by : Catherine Forbes

Download or read book Statistical Distributions written by Catherine Forbes and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-21 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new edition of the trusted guide on commonly used statistical distributions Fully updated to reflect the latest developments on the topic, Statistical Distributions, Fourth Edition continues to serve as an authoritative guide on the application of statistical methods to research across various disciplines. The book provides a concise presentation of popular statistical distributions along with the necessary knowledge for their successful use in data modeling and analysis. Following a basic introduction, forty popular distributions are outlined in individual chapters that are complete with related facts and formulas. Reflecting the latest changes and trends in statistical distribution theory, the Fourth Edition features: A new chapter on queuing formulas that discusses standard formulas that often arise from simple queuing systems Methods for extending independent modeling schemes to the dependent case, covering techniques for generating complex distributions from simple distributions New coverage of conditional probability, including conditional expectations and joint and marginal distributions Commonly used tables associated with the normal (Gaussian), student-t, F and chi-square distributions Additional reviewing methods for the estimation of unknown parameters, such as the method of percentiles, the method of moments, maximum likelihood inference, and Bayesian inference Statistical Distributions, Fourth Edition is an excellent supplement for upper-undergraduate and graduate level courses on the topic. It is also a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners in the fields of engineering, economics, operations research, and the social sciences who conduct statistical analyses.

Univariate Stable Distributions

Download Univariate Stable Distributions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030529150
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Univariate Stable Distributions by : John P. Nolan

Download or read book Univariate Stable Distributions written by John P. Nolan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-13 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook highlights the many practical uses of stable distributions, exploring the theory, numerical algorithms, and statistical methods used to work with stable laws. Because of the author’s accessible and comprehensive approach, readers will be able to understand and use these methods. Both mathematicians and non-mathematicians will find this a valuable resource for more accurately modelling and predicting large values in a number of real-world scenarios. Beginning with an introductory chapter that explains key ideas about stable laws, readers will be prepared for the more advanced topics that appear later. The following chapters present the theory of stable distributions, a wide range of applications, and statistical methods, with the final chapters focusing on regression, signal processing, and related distributions. Each chapter ends with a number of carefully chosen exercises. Links to free software are included as well, where readers can put these methods into practice. Univariate Stable Distributions is ideal for advanced undergraduate or graduate students in mathematics, as well as many other fields, such as statistics, economics, engineering, physics, and more. It will also appeal to researchers in probability theory who seek an authoritative reference on stable distributions.

Using Statistics to Make Educational Decisions

Download Using Statistics to Make Educational Decisions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1412969778
Total Pages : 553 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (129 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Using Statistics to Make Educational Decisions by : David Tanner

Download or read book Using Statistics to Make Educational Decisions written by David Tanner and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Government scrutiny and intensified oversight have dramatically changed the landscape of education in recent years. Observers want to know how schools compare, which district is best, which states are spending the most per student on education, whether reforms are making a difference, and why so many students are failing. Some of these questions require technical answers that educators historically redirected to outside experts, but the questions leveled at all educators have become so acute and persistent that they can no longer be outsourced. This text helps educators develop the tools and the conceptual understanding needed to provide definitive answers to difficult statistical questions facing education today.

Computational Genomics with R

Download Computational Genomics with R PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498781861
Total Pages : 463 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Computational Genomics with R by : Altuna Akalin

Download or read book Computational Genomics with R written by Altuna Akalin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-16 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Genomics with R provides a starting point for beginners in genomic data analysis and also guides more advanced practitioners to sophisticated data analysis techniques in genomics. The book covers topics from R programming, to machine learning and statistics, to the latest genomic data analysis techniques. The text provides accessible information and explanations, always with the genomics context in the background. This also contains practical and well-documented examples in R so readers can analyze their data by simply reusing the code presented. As the field of computational genomics is interdisciplinary, it requires different starting points for people with different backgrounds. For example, a biologist might skip sections on basic genome biology and start with R programming, whereas a computer scientist might want to start with genome biology. After reading: You will have the basics of R and be able to dive right into specialized uses of R for computational genomics such as using Bioconductor packages. You will be familiar with statistics, supervised and unsupervised learning techniques that are important in data modeling, and exploratory analysis of high-dimensional data. You will understand genomic intervals and operations on them that are used for tasks such as aligned read counting and genomic feature annotation. You will know the basics of processing and quality checking high-throughput sequencing data. You will be able to do sequence analysis, such as calculating GC content for parts of a genome or finding transcription factor binding sites. You will know about visualization techniques used in genomics, such as heatmaps, meta-gene plots, and genomic track visualization. You will be familiar with analysis of different high-throughput sequencing data sets, such as RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and BS-seq. You will know basic techniques for integrating and interpreting multi-omics datasets. Altuna Akalin is a group leader and head of the Bioinformatics and Omics Data Science Platform at the Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin. He has been developing computational methods for analyzing and integrating large-scale genomics data sets since 2002. He has published an extensive body of work in this area. The framework for this book grew out of the yearly computational genomics courses he has been organizing and teaching since 2015.

Mapping Species Distributions

Download Mapping Species Distributions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139485296
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mapping Species Distributions by : Janet Franklin

Download or read book Mapping Species Distributions written by Janet Franklin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maps of species' distributions or habitat suitability are required for many aspects of environmental research, resource management and conservation planning. These include biodiversity assessment, reserve design, habitat management and restoration, species and habitat conservation plans and predicting the effects of environmental change on species and ecosystems. The proliferation of methods and uncertainty regarding their effectiveness can be daunting to researchers, resource managers and conservation planners alike. Franklin summarises the methods used in species distribution modeling (also called niche modeling) and presents a framework for spatial prediction of species distributions based on the attributes (space, time, scale) of the data and questions being asked. The framework links theoretical ecological models of species distributions to spatial data on species and environment, and statistical models used for spatial prediction. Providing practical guidelines to students, researchers and practitioners in a broad range of environmental sciences including ecology, geography, conservation biology, and natural resources management.

Statistics

Download Statistics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Jones & Bartlett Learning
ISBN 13 : 9780763746995
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (469 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Statistics by : David C. LeBlanc

Download or read book Statistics written by David C. LeBlanc and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2004 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed for students majoring in the life, health, and natural sciences, Statistics: Concepts and Applications for Science is a text and workbook package that introduces statistics with an important emphasis on the real-world applications of statistical reasoning and procedures. Through intensive exposure to the core concepts of statistics in the context of science, students acquire the skills and understanding they need to formulate valid research designs, implement statistical analysis, interpret data, and explain their results.

Statistical Distributions

Download Statistical Distributions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319651129
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Statistical Distributions by : Nick T. Thomopoulos

Download or read book Statistical Distributions written by Nick T. Thomopoulos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-10 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a description of the group of statistical distributions that have ample application to studies in statistics and probability. Understanding statistical distributions is fundamental for researchers in almost all disciplines. The informed researcher will select the statistical distribution that best fits the data in the study at hand. Some of the distributions are well known to the general researcher and are in use in a wide variety of ways. Other useful distributions are less understood and are not in common use. The book describes when and how to apply each of the distributions in research studies, with a goal to identify the distribution that best applies to the study. The distributions are for continuous, discrete, and bivariate random variables. In most studies, the parameter values are not known a priori, and sample data is needed to estimate parameter values. In other scenarios, no sample data is available, and the researcher seeks some insight that allows the estimate of the parameter values to be gained. This handbook of statistical distributions provides a working knowledge of applying common and uncommon statistical distributions in research studies. These nineteen distributions are: continuous uniform, exponential, Erlang, gamma, beta, Weibull, normal, lognormal, left-truncated normal, right-truncated normal, triangular, discrete uniform, binomial, geometric, Pascal, Poisson, hyper-geometric, bivariate normal, and bivariate lognormal. Some are from continuous data and others are from discrete and bivariate data. This group of statistical distributions has ample application to studies in statistics and probability and practical use in real situations. Additionally, this book explains computing the cumulative probability of each distribution and estimating the parameter values either with sample data or without sample data. Examples are provided throughout to guide the reader. Accuracy in choosing and applying statistical distributions is particularly imperative for anyone who does statistical and probability analysis, including management scientists, market researchers, engineers, mathematicians, physicists, chemists, economists, social science researchers, and students in many disciplines.

Simulating Data with SAS

Download Simulating Data with SAS PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAS Institute
ISBN 13 : 1612903320
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (129 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Simulating Data with SAS by : Rick Wicklin

Download or read book Simulating Data with SAS written by Rick Wicklin and published by SAS Institute. This book was released on 2013 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data simulation is a fundamental technique in statistical programming and research. Rick Wicklin's Simulating Data with SAS brings together the most useful algorithms and the best programming techniques for efficient data simulation in an accessible how-to book for practicing statisticians and statistical programmers. This book discusses in detail how to simulate data from common univariate and multivariate distributions, and how to use simulation to evaluate statistical techniques. It also covers simulating correlated data, data for regression models, spatial data, and data with given moments. It provides tips and techniques for beginning programmers, and offers libraries of functions for advanced practitioners. As the first book devoted to simulating data across a range of statistical applications, Simulating Data with SAS is an essential tool for programmers, analysts, researchers, and students who use SAS software. This book is part of the SAS Press program.

High Performance Computing: Technology, Methods and Applications

Download High Performance Computing: Technology, Methods and Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080553915
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis High Performance Computing: Technology, Methods and Applications by : J.J. Dongarra

Download or read book High Performance Computing: Technology, Methods and Applications written by J.J. Dongarra and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-09-13 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High Performance Computing is an integrated computing environment for solving large-scale computational demanding problems in science, engineering and business. Newly emerging areas of HPC applications include medical sciences, transportation, financial operations and advanced human-computer interface such as virtual reality. High performance computing includes computer hardware, software, algorithms, programming tools and environments, plus visualization. The book addresses several of these key components of high performance technology and contains descriptions of the state-of-the-art computer architectures, programming and software tools and innovative applications of parallel computers. In addition, the book includes papers on heterogeneous network-based computing systems and scalability of parallel systems. The reader will find information and data relative to the two main thrusts of high performance computing: the absolute computational performance and that of providing the most cost effective and affordable computing for science, industry and business. The book is recommended for technical as well as management oriented individuals.

Comparing Distributions

Download Comparing Distributions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387927107
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (879 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Comparing Distributions by : Olivier Thas

Download or read book Comparing Distributions written by Olivier Thas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-14 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a self-contained comprehensive treatment of both one-sample and K-sample goodness-of-fit methods by linking them to a common theory backbone Contains many data examples, including R-code and a specific R-package for comparing distributions Emphesises informative statistical analysis rather than plain statistical hypothesis testing

Statistical Methods for Machine Learning

Download Statistical Methods for Machine Learning PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Machine Learning Mastery
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Statistical Methods for Machine Learning by : Jason Brownlee

Download or read book Statistical Methods for Machine Learning written by Jason Brownlee and published by Machine Learning Mastery. This book was released on 2018-05-30 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistics is a pillar of machine learning. You cannot develop a deep understanding and application of machine learning without it. Cut through the equations, Greek letters, and confusion, and discover the topics in statistics that you need to know. Using clear explanations, standard Python libraries, and step-by-step tutorial lessons, you will discover the importance of statistical methods to machine learning, summary stats, hypothesis testing, nonparametric stats, resampling methods, and much more.

Life Distributions

Download Life Distributions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387684778
Total Pages : 785 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (876 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Life Distributions by : Albert W. Marshall

Download or read book Life Distributions written by Albert W. Marshall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-13 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to the study of univariate distributions appropriate for the analyses of data known to be nonnegative. The book includes much material from reliability theory in engineering and survival analysis in medicine.

Unlocking the Power of Data: A Beginner's Guide to Data Analysis

Download Unlocking the Power of Data: A Beginner's Guide to Data Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Otolaryngology online
ISBN 13 : 935913242X
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (591 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Unlocking the Power of Data: A Beginner's Guide to Data Analysis by : Balasubramanian Thiagarajan

Download or read book Unlocking the Power of Data: A Beginner's Guide to Data Analysis written by Balasubramanian Thiagarajan and published by Otolaryngology online. This book was released on 2023-06-13 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Welcome to the world of data analysis! In today's data-driven era, the ability to effectively analyze and derive insights from data has become a vital skill for individuals and organizations across various domains. This book aims to serve as your comprehensive guide to understanding and performing data analysis, from the fundamental concepts to the practical applications. Chapter 1 introduces you to the fascinating realm of data analysis. We delve into the importance of data analysis in decision-making processes and highlight its role in gaining valuable insights and making informed choices. Understanding the power of data analysis sets the foundation for your journey ahead. Chapter 2 focuses on data entry, a crucial step in the data analysis process. We explore different methods and techniques for entering data accurately, ensuring the reliability and integrity of your dataset. Effective data entry practices are essential for obtaining meaningful results. In Chapter 3, we explore the different types of data analysis. Whether it's exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, or prescriptive analysis, you will gain an understanding of each type and when to employ them in various scenarios. This chapter equips you with the knowledge to choose the appropriate analysis technique for your specific needs. To lay the groundwork for your data analysis journey, Chapter 4 familiarizes you with the basic terminology commonly used in the field. From variables and observations to measures of central tendency and variability, this chapter ensures you have a solid grasp of the foundational concepts necessary for effective data analysis. Chapter 5 focuses on setting up your data analysis environment. We guide you through the process of installing the necessary software and configuring your data workspace. Creating an optimal environment is crucial for seamless and efficient data analysis. Data preprocessing takes center stage in Chapter 6. We delve into the essential steps of data cleaning, transformation, and handling missing values. By mastering these techniques, you will be able to prepare your data for analysis, ensuring its quality and usability. In Chapter 7, we explore the exciting world of data exploration and visualization. Understanding the distribution of data and identifying relationships between variables are key aspects of uncovering meaningful insights. We delve into creating various charts and graphs to visually represent data, aiding in its interpretation and analysis. Chapter 8 introduces you to statistical analysis techniques. Descriptive statistics help us summarize and describe data, while inferential statistics enable us to make inferences and draw conclusions about populations based on sample data. Additionally, hypothesis testing allows us to validate our assumptions and test specific predictions. Predictive analytics takes the spotlight in Chapter 9. We explore techniques such as linear and logistic regression, decision trees, and clustering algorithms. These techniques empower you to make predictions and forecasts based on historical data, providing valuable insights for decision-making. Chapter 10 is dedicated to machine learning, an exciting field within data analysis. We introduce the fundamentals of machine learning, including supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms. Understanding these concepts opens doors to more advanced data analysis techniques and applications. Ethics in data analysis takes center stage in Chapter 11. We delve into the critical considerations of privacy concerns, data bias, and fairness in data analysis. Ethical data practices are crucial to ensure the responsible and ethical use of data in analysis. Chapter 12 explores the wide-ranging applications of data analysis. We delve into the domains of business analytics, healthcare analytics, sports analytics, and social media analytics, highlighting how data analysis drives insights and informs decision-making in these fields. Finally, Chapter 13 serves as a conclusion and sets you on the path for further learning and development. We recap the key concepts covered in the book, provide tips for advancing your data analysis skills, and discuss future trends and innovations in the field. We hope this book serves as a valuable resource in your data analysis journey. Whether you are a student, professional, or data enthusiast, we believe that understanding and applying data analysis.

Machine Learning: ECML 2005

Download Machine Learning: ECML 2005 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540292438
Total Pages : 784 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Machine Learning: ECML 2005 by : João Gama

Download or read book Machine Learning: ECML 2005 written by João Gama and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-09-22 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Machine Learning, ECML 2005, jointly held with PKDD 2005 in Porto, Portugal, in October 2005. The 40 revised full papers and 32 revised short papers presented together with abstracts of 6 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 335 papers submitted to ECML and 30 papers submitted to both, ECML and PKDD. The papers present a wealth of new results in the area and address all current issues in machine learning.

Learning Statistics Using R

Download Learning Statistics Using R PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 148332477X
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (833 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Learning Statistics Using R by : Randall E. Schumacker

Download or read book Learning Statistics Using R written by Randall E. Schumacker and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2014-01-28 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing easy-to-use R script programs that teach descriptive statistics, graphing, and other statistical methods, Learning Statistics Using R shows readers how to run and utilize R, a free integrated statistical suite that has an extensive library of functions. Randall E. Schumacker’s comprehensive book describes in detail the processing of variables in statistical procedures. Covering a wide range of topics, from probability and sampling distribution to statistical theorems and chi-square, this introductory book helps readers learn not only how to use formulae to calculate statistics, but also how specific statistics fit into the overall research process. Learning Statistics Using R covers data input from vectors, arrays, matrices and data frames, as well as the input of data sets from SPSS, SAS, STATA and other software packages. Schumacker’s text provides the freedom to effectively calculate, manipulate, and graphically display data, using R, on different computer operating systems without the expense of commercial software. Learning Statistics Using R places statistics within the framework of conducting research, where statistical research hypotheses can be directly addressed. Each chapter includes discussion and explanations, tables and graphs, and R functions and outputs to enrich readers′ understanding of statistics through statistical computing and modeling.