Darwinism To-Day [Microform]

Download Darwinism To-Day [Microform] PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Palala Press
ISBN 13 : 9781354277270
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (772 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Darwinism To-Day [Microform] by : Vernon L. 1867-1937 Kellogg

Download or read book Darwinism To-Day [Microform] written by Vernon L. 1867-1937 Kellogg and published by Palala Press. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Darwinism To-Day [Microform]

Download Darwinism To-Day [Microform] PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Hardpress Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781407775845
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (758 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Darwinism To-Day [Microform] by : Vernon L. (Vernon Lyman) Kellogg

Download or read book Darwinism To-Day [Microform] written by Vernon L. (Vernon Lyman) Kellogg and published by Hardpress Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Darwin and After Darwin [microform]

Download Darwin and After Darwin [microform] PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Legare Street Press
ISBN 13 : 9781019561010
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (61 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Darwin and After Darwin [microform] by : George John 1848-1894 Romanes

Download or read book Darwin and After Darwin [microform] written by George John 1848-1894 Romanes and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed exposition of the Darwinian theory of evolution, including a critique of the objections raised against it. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

One Long Argument

Download One Long Argument PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674265882
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis One Long Argument by : Ernst Mayr

Download or read book One Long Argument written by Ernst Mayr and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1993-03-15 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolutionary theory ranks as one of the most powerful concepts of modern civilization. Its effects on our view of life have been wide and deep. One of the most world-shaking books ever published, Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species, first appeared in print over 130 years ago, and it touched off a debate that rages to this day. Every modern evolutionist turns to Darwin’s work again and again. Current controversies in the life sciences very often have as their starting point some vagueness in Darwin’s writings or some question Darwin was unable to answer owing to the insufficient biological knowledge available during his time. Despite the intense study of Darwin’s life and work, however, many of us cannot explain his theories (he had several separate ones) and the evidence and reasoning behind them, nor do we appreciate the modifications of the Darwinian paradigm that have kept it viable throughout the twentieth century. Who could elucidate the subtleties of Darwin’s thought and that of his contemporaries and intellectual heirs—A. R. Wallace, T. H. Huxley, August Weismann, Asa Gray—better than Ernst Mayr, a man considered by many to be the greatest evolutionist of the century? In this gem of historical scholarship, Mayr has achieved a remarkable distillation of Charles Darwin’s scientific thought and his enormous legacy to twentieth-century biology. Here we have an accessible account of the revolutionary ideas that Darwin thrust upon the world. Describing his treatise as “one long argument,” Darwin definitively refuted the belief in the divine creation of each individual species, establishing in its place the concept that all of life descended from a common ancestor. He proposed the idea that humans were not the special products of creation but evolved according to principles that operate everywhere else in the living world; he upset current notions of a perfectly designed, benign natural world and substituted in their place the concept of a struggle for survival; and he introduced probability, chance, and uniqueness into scientific discourse. This is an important book for students, biologists, and general readers interested in the history of ideas—especially ideas that have radically altered our worldview. Here is a book by a grand master that spells out in simple terms the historical issues and presents the controversies in a manner that makes them understandable from a modern perspective.

Darwinism To-Day

Download Darwinism To-Day PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wentworth Press
ISBN 13 : 9780526406449
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (64 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Darwinism To-Day by : Vernon L. Kellogg

Download or read book Darwinism To-Day written by Vernon L. Kellogg and published by Wentworth Press. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Darwinism stated by Darwin himself

Download Darwinism stated by Darwin himself PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Good Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (66 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Darwinism stated by Darwin himself by : Charles Darwin

Download or read book Darwinism stated by Darwin himself written by Charles Darwin and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2023-07-10 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Darwinism stated by Darwin himself" by Charles Darwin. Published by Good Press. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. From well-known classics & literary fiction and non-fiction to forgotten−or yet undiscovered gems−of world literature, we issue the books that need to be read. Each Good Press edition has been meticulously edited and formatted to boost readability for all e-readers and devices. Our goal is to produce eBooks that are user-friendly and accessible to everyone in a high-quality digital format.

Darwin and Design

Download Darwin and Design PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674043014
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Darwin and Design by : Michael RUSE

Download or read book Darwin and Design written by Michael RUSE and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intricate forms of living things bespeak design, and thus a creator: nearly 150 years after Darwin's theory of natural selection called this argument into question, we still speak of life in terms of design--the function of the eye, the purpose of the webbed foot, the design of the fins. Why is the "argument from design" so tenacious, and does Darwinism--itself still evolving after all these years--necessarily undo it? The definitive work on these contentious questions, Darwin and Design surveys the argument from design from its introduction by the Greeks, through the coming of Darwinism, down to the present day. In clear, non-technical language Michael Ruse, a well-known authority on the history and philosophy of Darwinism, offers a full and fair assessment of the status of the argument from design in light of both the advances of modern evolutionary biology and the thinking of today's philosophers--with special attention given to the supporters and critics of "intelligent design." The first comprehensive history and exposition of Western thought about design in the natural world, this important work suggests directions for our thinking as we move into the twenty-first century. A thoroughgoing guide to a perennially controversial issue, the book makes its own substantial contribution to the ongoing debate about the relationship between science and religion, and between evolution and its religious critics. Table of Contents: Preface Introduction 1. Two Thousand Years of Design 2. Paley and Kant Fight Back 3. Sowing the Seeds of Evolution 4. A Plurality of Problems 5. Charles Darwin 6. A Subject Too Profound 7. Darwinian against Darwinian 8. The Century of Evolutionism 9. Adaptation in Action 10. Theory and Test 11. Formalism Redux 12. From Function to Design 13. Design as Metaphor 14. Natural Theology Evolves 15. Turning Back the Clock Sources and Suggested Reading Illustration Credits Acknowledgments Index Reviews of this book: Ruse examines the concept of 'design' in nature, explaining why it still remains a strong influence despite the scientific revolution, and historically, how it dominated Western thought from ancient Greece (Plato) to the advent and predominance of Christianity...A rich and compelling book. --J. S. Schwartz, Choice Reviews of this book: Anyone who is interested in the 'science wars' controversy or the history of evolutionary thought will find this book fascinating and rewarding. The prose is masterfill--relaxed, colloquial, rich in information, and suffused with flashes of malicious wit and delicious historical tidbits. --Matt Cartmill, Reports of the National Center for Science Education Reviews of this book: To anyone interested in the evolution of evolution, I recommend this book. --John Tyler Bonner, Natural History Reviews of this book: This has to be the best of Ruse's many books, and it is hard to imagine how a better one could be written on this subject. With an understanding erudition spiced with good-natured wit and occasional sly ribaldry, Ruse moves easily and assuredly among biology, philosophy, history, and theology. --Robert T. Pennock, Science Reviews of this book: Michael Ruse's latest book, Darwin and Design, is an intellectual history of the design argument and its Darwinian solution...His story is a fascinating one, enlivened especially by his accounts of various imaginative attempts before Darwin to solve the design problem without recourse to a deity. --Daniel W. McShea, American Scientist

The Edge of Evolution

Download The Edge of Evolution PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1416559043
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (165 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Edge of Evolution by : Michael J. Behe

Download or read book The Edge of Evolution written by Michael J. Behe and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2007-06-05 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Michael J. Behe's first book, Darwin's Black Box, was published in 1996, it launched the intelligent design movement. Critics howled, yet hundreds of thousands of readers -- and a growing number of scientists -- were intrigued by Behe's claim that Darwinism could not explain the complex machinery of the cell. Now, in his long-awaited follow-up, Behe presents far more than a challenge to Darwinism: He presents the evidence of the genetics revolution -- the first direct evidence of nature's mutational pathways -- to radically redefine the debate about Darwinism. How much of life does Darwin's theory explain? Most scientists believe it accounts for everything from the machinery of the cell to the history of life on earth. Darwin's ideas have been applied to law, culture, and politics. But Darwin's theory has been proven only in one sense: There is little question that all species on earth descended from a common ancestor. Overwhelming anatomical, genetic, and fossil evidence exists for that claim. But the crucial question remains: How did it happen? Darwin's proposed mechanism -- random mutation and natural selection -- has been accepted largely as a matter of faith and deduction or, at best, circumstantial evidence. Only now, thanks to genetics, does science allow us to seek direct evidence. The genomes of many organisms have been sequenced, and the machinery of the cell has been analyzed in great detail. The evolutionary responses of microorganisms to antibiotics and humans to parasitic infections have been traced over tens of thousands of generations. As a result, for the first time in history Darwin's theory can be rigorously evaluated. The results are shocking. Although it can explain marginal changes in evolutionary history, random mutation and natural selection explain very little of the basic machinery of life. The "edge" of evolution, a line that defines the border between random and nonrandom mutation, lies very far from where Darwin pointed. Behe argues convincingly that most of the mutations that have defined the history of life on earth have been nonrandom. Although it will be controversial and stunning, this finding actually fits a general pattern discovered by other branches of science in recent decades: The universe as a whole was fine-tuned for life. From physics to cosmology to chemistry to biology, life on earth stands revealed as depending upon an endless series of unlikely events. The clear conclusion: The universe was designed for life.

Living with Darwin : Evolution, Design, and the Future of Faith

Download Living with Darwin : Evolution, Design, and the Future of Faith PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199726558
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Living with Darwin : Evolution, Design, and the Future of Faith by : Philip Kitcher Professor of Philosophy Columbia University

Download or read book Living with Darwin : Evolution, Design, and the Future of Faith written by Philip Kitcher Professor of Philosophy Columbia University and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2007-01-05 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Charles Darwin has been at the center of white-hot public debate for more than a century. In Living With Darwin, Philip Kitcher peers into the flames swirling around Darwin's theory, sifting through the scientific evidence for evolution, Creation Science, and Intelligent Design, and revealing why evolution has been the object of such vehement attack. Kitcher ranges back in time to provide valuable perspective on the present controversy, describing the many puzzling issues that blocked evolution's acceptance in the early years, and explaining how scientific research eventually found the answers to these conundrums. Interestingly, Kitcher shows that many of these early questions have been resurrected in recent years by proponents of Intelligent Design. In fact, Darwin himself considered the issue of intelligent design, and amassed a mountain of evidence that effectively refuted the idea. Kitcher argues that the problem with Intelligent Design isn't that it's "not science," as many critics say, but that it's "dead science," raising questions long resolved by scientists. But after providing a convincing case for evolution, Kitcher points out that it is also important to recognize the cost of Darwin's success--the price of "living with Darwin." Darwinism has a profound effect on our understanding of ourselves and our place in the universe, on our religious beliefs and aspirations. It is in truth the focal point of a larger clash between religious faith and the discoveries of modern science. Unless we can resolve this larger issue, the war over evolution will go on. Evolution is a dangerous idea. In this balanced and sympathetic volume, Philip Kitcher illuminates this idea while suggesting ways to defuse the danger, suggestions that embrace both the religious impulse and the force of scientific evidence.

Life and Work of Darwin [microform]

Download Life and Work of Darwin [microform] PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Legare Street Press
ISBN 13 : 9781014499707
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (997 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Life and Work of Darwin [microform] by : Geo (George) B 1859 Acheson

Download or read book Life and Work of Darwin [microform] written by Geo (George) B 1859 Acheson and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Darwinism To-Day - Scholar's Choice Edition

Download Darwinism To-Day - Scholar's Choice Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Scholar's Choice
ISBN 13 : 9781297320514
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (25 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Darwinism To-Day - Scholar's Choice Edition by : Vernon L Kellogg

Download or read book Darwinism To-Day - Scholar's Choice Edition written by Vernon L Kellogg and published by Scholar's Choice. This book was released on 2015-02-19 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

The Origin of Species

Download The Origin of Species PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Geographic Books
ISBN 13 : 1784873624
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (848 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Origin of Species by : Charles Darwin

Download or read book The Origin of Species written by Charles Darwin and published by National Geographic Books. This book was released on 2019-02-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover this beautiful special edition of Charles Darwin’s groundbreaking theory on human evolution. When the eminent naturalist Charles Darwin returned from South America on board the HMS Beagle in 1836, he brought with him the notes and evidence that would form the basis of a world-changing theory: the evolution of species by a process of natural selection. This theory, published as On the Origin of Species in 1859, is the basis of modern biology and the concept of biodiversity. Its publication sparked a fierce scientific, religious and philosophical debate, which continues to this day. PATTERNS OF LIFE: SPECIAL EDITIONS OF GROUNDBREAKING SCIENCE BOOKS

The Development of Darwin's Theory

Download The Development of Darwin's Theory PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521469401
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (694 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Development of Darwin's Theory by : Dov Ospovat

Download or read book The Development of Darwin's Theory written by Dov Ospovat and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-04-28 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dov Ospovat's book, originally published in 1981, has become generally accepted as one of the most influential books about Darwin published in recent years. Ospovat examines the period of 1838-1859, two decades preceding the publication of On the Origin of Species, in detail and shows that Darwin's views changed quite radically from initially believing that animals and plants were perfectly adapted to their environments, and that evolution only occurred when the environment changed, to believing that living things were not perfectly adapted, were in constant competition with each other, and hence were continually evolving. By placing Darwin within the other biological developments of the day, he is able to show that he was not the scientific recluse of popular myth. He also shows that there was a theological basis for much of Darwin's original 1838-1844 theory, and his later principle of divergence was influenced by his belief in evolutionary progress.

Darwinism and Human Life

Download Darwinism and Human Life PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wentworth Press
ISBN 13 : 9781010085027
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Darwinism and Human Life by : John Arthur Thomson

Download or read book Darwinism and Human Life written by John Arthur Thomson and published by Wentworth Press. This book was released on 2019-03-12 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Darwinism

Download Darwinism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781435313026
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Darwinism by : Russel Alfred Wallace

Download or read book Darwinism written by Russel Alfred Wallace and published by . This book was released on 2007-07-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Darwinism: An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection

Download Darwinism: An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wentworth Press
ISBN 13 : 9781010129875
Total Pages : 510 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (298 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Darwinism: An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection by : Alfred Russel Wallace

Download or read book Darwinism: An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection written by Alfred Russel Wallace and published by Wentworth Press. This book was released on 2019-03-12 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Sparks of Life

Download Sparks of Life PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sparks of Life by : James E. Strick

Download or read book Sparks of Life written by James E. Strick and published by . This book was released on 2000-12 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How, asks James E. Strick, could spontaneous generation--the idea that living things can suddenly arise from nonliving materials--come to take root for a time (even a brief one) in so thoroughly unsuitable a field as British natural theology? No less an authority than Aristotle claimed that cases of spontaneous generation were to be observed in nature, and the idea held sway for centuries. Beginning around the time of the Scientific Revolution, however, the doctrine was increasingly challenged; attempts to prove or disprove it led to important breakthroughs in experimental design and laboratory techniques, most notably sterilization methods, that became the cornerstones of modern microbiology and sped the ascendancy of the germ theory of disease. The Victorian debates, Strick shows, were entwined with the public controversy over Darwin's theory of evolution. While other histories of the debates between 1860 and 1880 have focused largely on the experiments of John Tyndall, Henry Charlton Bastian, and others, Sparks of Life emphasizes previously understudied changes in the theories that underlay the debates. Strick argues that the disputes cannot be understood without full knowledge of the factional infighting among Darwinians themselves, as they struggled to create a socially and scientifically viable form of "Darwinian" science. He shows that even the terms of the debate, such as "biogenesis," usually but incorrectly attributed to Huxley, were intensely contested.