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Author : Sally Shaw
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (116 download)
Download or read book Dark Matter Searches with the LUX and LZ Experiments written by Sally Shaw and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : S. Shaw
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)
Download or read book Dark Matter Searches with the LUX and LZ Experiments written by S. Shaw and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Daniel Kodroff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (142 download)
Download or read book Background Modeling and First Searches for Low Energy Signals in The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Dark Matter Experiment written by Daniel Kodroff and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past half-century overwhelming evidence has mounted indicating the existence of a non-baryonic and enigmatic dark matter that constitutes approximately 85% of the total matter in the universe. Among the potential dark matter detection methods, dual- phase time projection chambers (TPCs) have emerged as the leading detector technology. LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a direct detection dark matter experiment located at the 4850-ft depth level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota, USA, employing a 7 tonne active volume of liquid xenon in a dual-phase TPC. It's surrounded by an instrumented xenon "Skin" region and gadolinium-loaded liquid-scintillator outer detector, primarily serving as active vetoes for gamma-ray and neutron backgrounds, respectively, and contained within an ultra-pure water tank. The LZ detector began its first science run in December of 2021 and released its first results in the Summer of 2022. In order to ensure a low-background environment, a comprehensive material assay and selection campaign, for detector components, along with a xenon-purification campaign were pursued prior to and during construction. These mitigations have allowed LZ to achieve a background rate of 63.0 ± 4.5 x 10-6 events/keVee/kg/day in the low- energy region, approximately 60 times lower than that of its predecessor, the LUX experiment. LZ performed comprehensive measurements to constrain backgrounds in situ and construct a well-constrained time-dependent background model to use in searches for novel physics signals within this low-energy (
Author : Madan K. Sharma Timalsina
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Calibrations for the Improved Search for Dark Matter with the LZ (LUX-ZEPLIN) Experiment written by Madan K. Sharma Timalsina and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A hypothetical non-luminous existence of matter is known as dark matter, inferred by the convincing collection of astrophysical and cosmological indirect evidence. In spite of compelling indirect observations, the physical nature of dark matter remains one of the most profound questions in the field of modern physics. A Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) is historically the most favored candidate particle for dark matter, which could nicely explain the observed indirect measurements with the direct detection of WIMPs for the first time. The new second-generation direct detection dark matter experiment LZ (LUXZEPLIN), designed for direct detection of WIMP dark matter, has performed the most sensitive search for spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interactions. LZ is located 4850 feet underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, USA. LZ is employing a two-phase xenon detector with an active mass of 7 tonnes. With LZ we have recently managed in the summer of 2022 to provide the most rigorous exclusion limit for spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering with an upper limit on the cross-section of 6.5×10−48 cm2 (90 % confidence level) for a WIMP mass of 30 GeV/c2 . The first WIMP search result of LZ utilizes a fiducial mass of 5.5 tonnes of liquid xenon and an exposure time of 60 live days. WIMPs could interact in the cryogenic liquid xenon of the detector’s core by scattering off xenon nuclei, which would then recoil and produce both scintillation light and electric charge. The ratio of the immediately detected scintillation light (S1) and the delayed charge detection (S2) is characteristic for such a nuclear recoil (NR) from hypothesized dark matter, e.g. a WIMP, and differs significantly from an electron recoil (ER) produced by undesired background reactions. However, the precise knowledge of the energy-dependent ratio S1/S2, for which the ER-dominated regime transitions into the NR-dominated regime, is key hereby to separate WIMP dark matter signals from unwanted background signals. We performed calibrations with neutron sources to map out the NR signal region for the WIMP search. Instead, gamma- and beta-ray calibration sources were utilized to map out the ER region, characteristic for background signals to be discriminated against. In this thesis, the calibration data to map out the NR signal region has been extensively studied and compared to the results of a full LZ detector simulation. In addition, another crucial detector calibration, for which all LZ data has to be corrected, is the purity monitoring of the liquid xenon. The chemical purity determines the lifetime of signal electrons against the absorption on impurities during their drift within the liquid xenon time projection chamber of the LZ detector. This electron lifetime analysis has been performed on a daily basis within the framework of this thesis and results have been applied by every data evaluator within the large LZ collaboration and for obtaining the current world’s best exclusion limit on WIMP dark matter.
Download or read book Experimental High Energy Physics Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The grant supported research on an experimental search for evidence of dark matter interactions with normal matter. The PI carried out the research as a member of the LUX and LZ collaborations. The LUX research team collected a first data set with the LUX experiment, a large liquid xenon detector installed in the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF). The first results were published in Physical Review Letters on March 4, 2014. The journal Nature named the LUX result a scientific highlight of the year for 2013. In addition, the LZ collaboration submitted the full proposal for the Lux Zeplin experiment, which has since been approved by DOE-HEP as a second-generation dark matter experiment. Witherell is the Level 2 manager for the Outer Detector System on the LUX-Zeplin experiment.
Author : Kelly M Stifter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)
Download or read book The LZ Dark Matter Experiment written by Kelly M Stifter and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to a compelling body of astrophysical and cosmological evidence, dark matter has come to be accepted as a crucial ingredient of modern cosmology, yet its physical nature remains one of the most pressing questions in the field of physics. One historically favored model of dark matter is weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs. LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a next-generation dark matter detector designed to achieve field-leading sensitivity to much of the remaining accessible parameter space within the WIMP dark matter paradigm. To help realize the full-scale LZ detector, the System Test R&D platform was constructed at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory to validate the performance of critical LZ subsystems at scales approaching or comparable to the LZ design. In this dissertation, I present results showing that the passivation of the high voltage electrodes in citric acid leads to a significant reduction in spontaneous emission of single electrons, potentially limiting a major instrumental background by up to several orders of magnitude and enabling a more sensitive dark matter search. The LZ detector has now been assembled at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota and is taking early data. I also give a first look at commissioning data that captured the first light from electrons in the LZ detector, and share methods to validate the in situ performance of the high voltage electrodes.
Author : Adam Bailey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Dark Matter Searches and Study of Electrode Design in LUX and LZ. written by Adam Bailey and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nellie Marangou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)
Download or read book Extending the Physics Reach of the LUX and LZ Dark Matter Experiments by Lowering the Scintillation Threshold written by Nellie Marangou and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gus Eberlein
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (144 download)
Download or read book Estimating LUX-ZEPLIN's Sensitivity to Sub-GeV Dark Matter Scattering Off Electrons in Xenon written by Gus Eberlein and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprising 85% of the mass of the universe, dark matter is one of the most pressing outstanding questions of physics. When it comes to directly detecting dark matter, the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment has unparalleled sensitivity. We examine the detector's capability to detect sub-GeV dark matter scattering off the electrons in xenon, LZ's scintillation medium. We develop a signal model by calculating the expected DM-electron event rates as a function of electron recoil energy and as a function of the number of freed electrons. Alongside an established backgrounds model, this signal model is used to simulate events in the LZ detector. With this simulated data and a cut-and-count analysis, we are able to estimate cross sections of dark matter-electron scattering down to which LZ can detect the signal over the background. We find that LUX-ZEPLIN will be able to detect certain light dark matter models at a much greater sensitivity than previous direct detection experiments.
Author : Patrick Phelps
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (892 download)
Download or read book The LUX Dark Matter Experiment written by Patrick Phelps and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dark matter, the mysterious substance that seems to make up most of the mass of the universe, has never been detected in the laboratory. In this document I outline the current world's leading experiment, LUX, to look for a class of dark matter, the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle. I outline the general principles of searching for dark matter through low background detectors and event rejection, I move on to a description of the LUX experiment and its performance, reviewing its internal structure and subsystems including a novel heat exchange system that expedited system readiness and resulted in a stable platform for WIMP searching. The LUX energy reconstruction is then examined, followed by a breakdown of signal fluctuations as a function of energy as part of our understanding of back- ground discrimination in this class of detectors. Finally, I review the first LUX WIMP search result, culminating in the world's most sensitive limit on the spin- independent WIMP-nucleon cross section, before moving to a discussion of next steps in the search for dark matter for LUX and next generational experiments.
Author : Enrico Morgante
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319676067
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)
Download or read book Aspects of WIMP Dark Matter Searches at Colliders and Other Probes written by Enrico Morgante and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis covers several theoretical aspects of WIMP (weakly interacting massive particles) dark matter searches, with a particular emphasis on colliders. It mainly focuses on the use of effective field theories as a tool for Large Hadron Collider (LHC) searches, discussing in detail the issue of their validity, and on simplified dark matter models, which are receiving a growing attention from the physics community. It highlights the theoretical consistency of simplified models, which is essential in order to correctly exploit their potential and for them to be a common reference when comparing results from different experiments. This thesis is of interest to researchers (both theorists and experimentalists) in the field of dark matter searches, and offers a comprehensive introduction to dark matter and to WIMP searches for students and non-experts.
Author : Jordan Palmer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Novel Fitting Techniques for Dark Matter Searches with the LUX-ZEPLIN Experiment written by Jordan Palmer and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 3 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (982 download)
Download or read book Early Career written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report results from a search for weakly interacting dark matter particles obtained with the LUX experiment. LUX was located at a depth of 4850 feet at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota from 2013 through 2016. It found no evidence for dark matter particle interactions and set new constraints on the properties of such particles for masses between 6 GeV and 100 TeV. The work reported here also characterized the performance of such experiments by developing a new calibration technique based upon a tritium beta decay source.
Author : Corey Herr
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book DETECTION OF GAMMA-X EVENTS IN LUX AND LZ DARK MATTER DETECTORS. written by Corey Herr and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple astrophysics observations, including analysis of the cosmic microwave background and gravitational lensing by galaxy clusters, show that there is a missing mass component that we cannot see through telescopes. We call this missing mass dark matter. It is estimated that dark matter makes up about 26.8% of the Universes energy while baryonic matter, the everyday matter that we observe, only makes up about 5%. Dark matter is believed to be composed of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). WIMPs do not interact via the electromagnetic force and thus cannot be observed optically. LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a next generation experiment that will attempt to detect dark matter directly using a 10-tonne liquid xenon detector. I have examined the effect that a class of backgrounds called gamma-X events have on the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) detector. Gamma-X events are ordinary particles (such as photons and electrons) that havedetector signatures similar to dark matter due to anomalous signal collection.
Author : Jacob Edward Cutter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)
Download or read book Characterizing the Peripheral Dynamics of Xenon Dark Matter Detectors written by Jacob Edward Cutter and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important fundamental problems in physics today is to understand the nature of dark matter. The landscape of explanations for observed dark matter phenomena is vast and still expanding, and an impressive number of experiments have been built to probe the dark sector of the universe. A prominent class of detectors is aimed at discovering (or excluding) a particular kind of dark matter: the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP). Searching for this popular dark matter candidate requires an ultra-sensitive, low-background target; xenon detectors serve as such a target for dark matter interactions. The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) detector is a dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber (TPC) which was operated underground at the Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota from 2013 to 2016, and was able to achieve the world's leading WIMP exclusion limit. However, successful reconstruction of WIMP-nucleus scatters in such detectors requires thorough understanding of the detection medium, which is made difficult by various confounding effects near the detector walls. Field-fringing is a major component of confusion in the periphery, and the large electric field non-uniformities in Run 4 of LUX provided a significant challenge in the dark matter analysis. Here is presented an algorithm to bijectively map between reconstructed event positions and true spatial coordinates, which serves as an important tool for studying field effects and fiducialization in LUX. Additionally, a successful dark matter search must model interfering background events in the WIMP search region which can't be directly vetoed. One class of unavoidable backgrounds comes from nuclear decay chain daughters in detector materials themselves, which may produce WIMP-like signals (an effect which is amplified due to various detector effects). The Davis Xenon (DAX) test bed system and a dual-phase TPC have been assembled and operated at UC Davis to characterize these common "wall backgrounds", as well as perform other R&D studies for the next-generation LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment. The DAX TPC specifically measures the xenon response to heavy nuclei produced by custom [alpha] decay sources created using novel chemical deposition procedures. In this thesis, results will be presented for the light and charge yields of immersed localized sources of 206Pb ions in liquid xenon, as well as a method for tagging such recoil events in situ by using PIN diodes as charged particle detectors to capture the correlated [alpha] particles. We also compare our isolated 206Pb events with previous WIMP search data from LUX, and discuss the significance of 206Pb as a WIMP background. Such information is most useful to future experiments if it can improve existing background models and simulations. The Noble Element Simulation Technique (NEST) is the ultimate software package for calculating expected signal yields in xenon detectors, but is an empirical framework that relies on experimental data to inform the models. We discuss the development of current NEST v2 models, specifically the heavy nuclear recoil models, as well as our current understanding of the xenon microphysics. We also show NEST predictions for mono-energetic 206Pb recoils, and discuss how our most recent DAX 206Pb measurements may inform NEST models in future work.
Author : Eryk Filip Druszkiewicz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Digital Advances in Triggering and Data Acquisition Systems for Large Scale Dark Matter Search Experiments written by Eryk Filip Druszkiewicz and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "With a wealth of astrophysical evidence that confirms that the baryonic matter we understand accounts for only 5% of the matter and energy in the universe, the search is on for the mysterious dark matter, that is said to account for 25% of the universe composition. The leading candidate for dark matter is the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP). Large Underground Xenon (LUX), a 370 kg two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber operating at 4850 feet underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), has recently completed its operation, setting the world's best limit on the WIMP-nucleon cross section. This thesis presents the author's research and development of a novel, FPGA-based, triggering system. This system has operated at SURF since 2011 and through digital signal processing techniques identified events of interest in real-time. The system processes the incoming data at its filter stages with a rate of 5,100 MB/s and does so consuming a total of only 15 W. The firmware and software were entirely developed by the author, while the custom-built hardware was developed in close collaboration with the author. The system offers great flexibility through the reconfigurability feature of FPGAs, which was exercised often during the course of the experiment. The system allows for fully remote operation, minimizing the personnel needs one mile underground. For this type of detectors, this triggering system has shown to offer the highest efficiency in detecting signals as small as few liquid electrons. An FIR digital filter implementation is presented, that has been tailored for this application and offers an up to 99% and 97% savings in scalars and summers utilization, respectively. LUX-Zepplin (LZ) is a next-generation dark matter detector, that is scheduled to start probing the remainder of the uncharted WIMP-nucleon cross section in 2020. It is a significantly larger successor of LUX, with a total xenon mass of 10 tonne. It will be instrumented with 745 photomultipliers, totaling 1,359 digitizing channels. The author is developing the LZ Data Acquisition and Data Sparsification system. This system is going to handle a continuous input rate of over 200 GB/s and its key elements have already been shown to meet and exceed the LZ requirements. Techniques are presented for allowing data volume footprint reduction, such as efficient digitized pulse storage, offering up to 45% reduction in the effective pulse storage size."--Pages xi-xii.
Author : Ryan Edward Linehan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)
Download or read book High Voltage Electrode Development and the LZ Experiment's WIMP Search written by Ryan Edward Linehan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 15% of the matter density in the universe is composed of Standard Model particles, while the other 85% is composed of an enigmatic "dark" matter whose fundamental properties are unknown. In recent decades, there has been substantial interest in performing a direct detection of scattering between dark matter and Standard Model particles, but currently no such signature has been verifiably observed. The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment was built to perform such a direct detection of dark matter using a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC), which can observe both light and charge signals from an interaction in the xenon. The dual-phase xenon TPC technology is critically dependent on maintaining strong drift and extraction fields in order to observe the charge signal. These fields are established by a set of four stainless steel wire mesh high voltage electrode grids that span the full width of the TPC. During operation, these grids achieve wire surface fields well above 15 kV/cm. These high fields can produce spurious charge signals and signals from real radioactive decays with atypical light-to-charge ratios, both of which can lead to low-energy backgrounds in LZ science data. As a result, substantial effort in the design, construction, validation, and operation of these grids was required to ensure that the LZ detector could be used to pursue world-leading dark matter searches. This work presents a detailed characterization of these efforts, from grid design all the way through first science run data with LZ. This work also presents two analyses performed within the first six months of datataking: the first science run searching for WIMP dark matter, and an analysis of radiogenic backgrounds from the high voltage grids. While the former analysis represents an immediate world-leading sensitivity to WIMP dark matter between about 10 GeV/c^2 and 10 TeV/c^2, the latter analysis lays a new foundation for the background model needed to search for dark matter at much lower masses, down to approximately 1 GeV/c^2.
