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Current Research On Hiv Drug Resistance
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Book Synopsis Current Research on HIV Drug Resistance by : Hezhao Ji
Download or read book Current Research on HIV Drug Resistance written by Hezhao Ji and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-11-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HIV drug resistance is an unavoidable challenge for HIV/AIDS professionals, and it has long been a major obstacle hindering the global effort to contain HIV/AIDS. Pathogens journal launched a topical collection in 2021 on "Current Research on HIV Drug Resistance", aiming to catch the latest advancements in HIV resistance diagnosis, surveillance and research. This book compiles all articles published in this collection, combining original research and review articles on HIV drug resistance.
Book Synopsis HIV drug resistance by : World Health Organization
Download or read book HIV drug resistance written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2024-03-01 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brief report summarizes recent information on HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in the era of integrase-strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) for HIV prevention and treatment. In this report, WHO documents high levels of HIV viral load suppression (>90%) in populations receiving dolutegravir (DTG)-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, recent observational data reveal that HIVDR to DTG is emerging at levels exceeding those observed in clinical trials. Few countries have reported people not achieving viral suppression while receiving DTG-containing ART. However, amongst the surveys reported, levels of DTG resistance ranged from 3.9% to 8.6%, with levels as high as 19.6% observed among highly treatment-experienced people who transitioned to a DTG-containing ART while having high HIV viral loads. Levels of observed DTG resistance in real world populations receiving ART appear to be higher than anticipated from clinical trials. WHO recommends that countries routinely implement standardised surveillance of HIVDR to follow the prevalence and patterns of resistance among people not achieving suppressed viral load. The use of long acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA) for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) greatly reduces the risk of acquiring HIV. However, INSTI resistance has been observed in some cases with recent CAB-LA exposure, and delayed detection and confirmation of HIV infection can increase the risk of selection of INSTI drug resistance–associated mutations. Despite the possible risk, the roll-out of CAB-LA for PrEP should not be hindered. Scale-up of PrEP should be accompanied by standardized surveillance of drug resistance among people testing positive for HIV while receiving PrEP.
Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by : King K. Holmes
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Antimicrobial Resistance by : Matthias Gotte
Download or read book Handbook of Antimicrobial Resistance written by Matthias Gotte and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While many volumes have been written about various aspects of antimicrobial resistance, this book is a comprehensive reference work. All manifestations of resistance are addressed: viral; bacterial, parasitical and fungal are given dedicated sections. The underlining molecular mechanisms, which depend not only on the microbe but on the specific drug (target), are highly diverse. This work discusses and compares the biological, biochemical and structural aspects of resistance and its evolution.
Book Synopsis HIV and Disability by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book HIV and Disability written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-11-17 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Social Security Administration (SSA) uses a screening tool called the Listing of Impairments to identify claimants who are so severely impaired that they cannot work at all and thus qualify for disability benefits. In this report, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) makes several recommendations for improving SSA's capacity for determining disability benefits more accurately and quickly using the HIV Infection Listings.
Book Synopsis Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health by : Euzebiusz Jamrozik
Download or read book Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health written by Euzebiusz Jamrozik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-08-21 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Open Access volume provides in-depth analysis of the wide range of ethical issues associated with drug-resistant infectious diseases. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely recognized to be one of the greatest threats to global public health in coming decades; and it has thus become a major topic of discussion among leading bioethicists and scholars from related disciplines including economics, epidemiology, law, and political theory. Topics covered in this volume include responsible use of antimicrobials; control of multi-resistant hospital-acquired infections; privacy and data collection; antibiotic use in childhood and at the end of life; agricultural and veterinary sources of resistance; resistant HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria; mandatory treatment; and trade-offs between current and future generations. As the first book focused on ethical issues associated with drug resistance, it makes a timely contribution to debates regarding practice and policy that are of crucial importance to global public health in the 21st century.
Book Synopsis Virus Dynamics : Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology by : Martin Nowak
Download or read book Virus Dynamics : Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology written by Martin Nowak and published by Oxford University Press, UK. This book was released on 2000-11-23 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking book describes the emerging field of theoretical immunology, in particular the use of mathematical models to describe the spread of infectious diseases within patients. It reveals fascinating insights into the dynamics of viral and other infections, and the interactions between infectious agents and immune responses. Structured around the examples of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B, Nowak and May show how mathematical models can help researchers to understand the detailed dynamics of infection and the effects of antiviral therapy. Models are developed to describe the dynamics of drug resistance, immune responses, viral evolution and mutation, and to optimise the design of therapy and vaccines. - ;We know, down to the tiniest details, the molecular structure of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Yet despite this tremendous accomplishment, and despite other remarkable advances in our understanding of individual viruses and cells of the immune system, we still have no agreed understanding of the ultimate course and variability of the pathogenesis of AIDS. Gaps in our understanding like these impede our efforts towards developing effective therapies and preventive vaccines. Martin Nowak and Robert M May describe the emerging field of theoretical immunology in this accessible and well- written text. Using mathematical modelling techniques, the authors set out their ideas about how populations of viruses and populations of immune system cells may interact in various circumstances, and how infectious diseases spread within patients. They explain how this approach to understanding infectious diseases can reveal insights into the dynamics of viral and other infections, and the interactions between infectious agents and immune responses. The book is structured around the examples of HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis B virus, although the approaches described will be more widely applicable. The authors use mathematical tools to uncover the detailed dynamics of the infection and the effects of antiviral therapy. Models are developed to describe the emergence of drug resistance, and the dynamics of immune responses, viral evolution, and mutation. The practical implications of this work for optimisation of the design of therapy and vaccines are discussed. The book concludes with a glance towards the future of this fascinating, and potentially highly useful, field of study. - ;... an excellent introduction to a field that has the potential to advance substantially our understanding of the complex interplay between virus and host - Nature
Book Synopsis Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These guidelines provide guidance on the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection and the care of people living with HIV. They are structured along the continuum of HIV testing, prevention, treatment and care. This edition updates the 2013 consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs following an extensive review of evidence and consultations in mid-2015, shared at the end of 2015, and now published in full in 2016. It is being published in a changing global context for HIV and for health more broadly.
Book Synopsis HIV/AIDS Treatment in Resource Poor Countries by : Yichen Lu
Download or read book HIV/AIDS Treatment in Resource Poor Countries written by Yichen Lu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-26 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment strategies in resource-poor settings. Contributors include HIV/AIDS researchers and public health administrators from the US, Africa, China, and Thailand. Several chapters, written by local health officials, take a close look at AIDS prevention and treatment in China at the community level. Other chapters cover issues of treatment scale-up, drug resistance, and mother-to-child transmission in Southern Africa and Thailand, and offer lessons learned for researchers in other developing countries. Overall the aim of this book is to bring some of the latest issues to the fore, and to foster exchange and collaboration between AIDS researchers in developing countries. This book grew out of an annual conference held in China and organized by the Harvard School of Public Health, and could possibly become the first volume of a series.
Book Synopsis Current Studies in HIV Research by : SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
Download or read book Current Studies in HIV Research written by SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2016-07-13 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Studies in HIV Research brings key topics in HIV/AIDS research to the fore by compiling reviews prepared by HIV/AIDS experts. Readers will benefit from the extensive range of topics covered in this book. Each of the 24 chapters of this volume present a brief account of major facets of HIV/AIDS research including epidemiology, HIV prevention, basic virology, clinical studies (including co-infection with mycobacteria and hepatitis viruses), antiretroviral therapy, treatment options for specific patient groups (such as pregnant women and elderly patients), patient psychology and public health concerns. The book also presents information about issues encountered in practical situations such as management models for non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community involvement in HIV programs and sampling methods in HIV research. Current Studies in HIV Research is, therefore, a useful guide to research information for novice epidemiologists, clinicians, psychologists, sociologists and managers involved in planning and implementing HIV/AIDS research, prevention and monitoring projects.
Book Synopsis Evolution of Anti-HIV Drug Resistance by : Lutz Gürtler
Download or read book Evolution of Anti-HIV Drug Resistance written by Lutz Gürtler and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 2012-01-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite recent advances in antiretroviral therapy treating HIV drug resistance remains a challenge. With the growing number of anti-HIV drugs and the enormous variant space accessible by viral evolution, manual selection of effective anti-HIV therapies has become complex. This publication represents a recent update on the determination of antiretroviral drug resistance determination, its computer program-assisted interpretation and beneficial effect on the treatment of HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected patients. Starting with the description of the human immunodeficiency viruses and their mutation frequency it goes on to discuss methods of resistance determination and bioinformatic-guided algorithm of interpretation, the fate of patients in large cohorts benefitting from improved therapeutic interventions and limitations in individual patients and HIV-2 infection. Furthermore Pyro 454 sequencing and interpretation of single amino acids in the context of all involved mutations in antiretroviral drug resistance are described and R5 and X4 differentiation by nucleic acid sequencing and susceptibility of HIV to a maraviroc treatment regimen are specified. This special issue of Intervirology will be of benefit to medical doctors involved in the treatment of HIV-infected patients as well as to pharmacologists, bioinformaticians and laboratory personnel working in the field of drug resistance analysis, drug design and antivirals. Furthermore it is a valuable resource for researchers involved in the confection of new drugs and interactions of old drugs as well as in assays of antiviral drug resistance.
Book Synopsis WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 4 by : World Health Organization
Download or read book WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 4 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 2011 and 2019, WHO has developed and issued evidence-based policy recommendations on the treatment and care of patients with DR-TB. These policy recommendations have been presented in several WHO documents and their associated annexes, including the WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment, issued by WHO in March 2019. The policy recommendations in each of these guidelines have been developed by WHO-convened Guideline Development Groups, using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to summarize the evidence, and formulate policy recommendations and accompanying remarks. The present WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis, Module 4: Treatment - Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment includes a comprehensive set of WHO recommendations for the treatment and care of DR-TB. The document includes two new recommendations, one on the composition of shorter regimens and one on the use of the BPaL regimen (i.e. bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid). In addition, the consolidated guidelines include existing recommendations on treatment regimens for isoniazid-resistant TB and MDR/RR-TB, including longer regimens, culture monitoring of patients on treatment, the timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in MDR/RR-TB patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the use of surgery for patients receiving MDR-TB treatment, and optimal models of patient support and care. The guidelines are to be used primarily in national TB programmes, or their equivalents in Ministries of Health, and for other policy-makers and technical organizations working on TB and infectious diseases in public and private sectors and in the community.
Book Synopsis Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - HIV: Volume 5 by : Atta-ur-Rahman
Download or read book Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - HIV: Volume 5 written by Atta-ur-Rahman and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2021-10-04 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – HIV is a book series that brings updated reviews to readers interested in learning about advances in the development of pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other disorders associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The scope of the book series covers a range of topics including the medicinal chemistry and pharmacology of natural and synthetic drugs employed in the treatment of AIDS (including HAART) and resulting complications, and the virology and immunological study of HIV and related viruses. Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – HIV is a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists, clinicians and postgraduate students seeking updated and critically important information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in HIV/AIDS research. The fifth volume of this series features 5 chapters that cover these topics: - Clinical Eradication of Latent HIV Reservoirs: Where Are We Now? - HIV-1 Genotypic Drug Resistance Testing and Next-Generation Sequencing - Current and Promising Multiclass Drug Regimens and Long-Acting Formulation Drugs in HIV Therapy - Role of Nanotechnology in HIV Diagnosis and Prognosis - Preventive and Therapeutic Features of Combination Therapy for HIV.
Book Synopsis Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2011 update of Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis is intended as a tool for use by public health professionals working in response to the Sixty-second World Health Assembly's resolution on prevention and control of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Resolution WHA62.15, adopted in 2009, calls on Member States to develop a comprehensive framework for the management and care of patients with drug-resistant TB. The recommendations contained in these guidelines address the most topical questions concerning the programmatic management of drug-resistant TB: case-finding, multidrug resistance, treatment regimens, monitoring the response to treatment, and selecting models of care. The guidelines primarily target staff and medical practitioners working in TB treatment and control, and partners and organizations providing technical and financial support for care of drug-resistant TB in settings where resources are limited.
Book Synopsis Target product profile for HIV drug resistance tests in low- and middle-income countries: Africa by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Target product profile for HIV drug resistance tests in low- and middle-income countries: Africa written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2023-09-12 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HIV-1 drug resistance tests may be useful tools for optimizing ART regimens when used in the context of information about viral load, immune and clinical status, adherence practices and available treatment options. Several types of drug resistance tests are available, either as commercial kits or based on published methods for in-house assays. The target product profile for HIV drug resistance tests in low- and middle-income countries: Africa is designed to guide the development of new HIV drug resistance tests in the era of dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to facilitate the evaluation of the suitability of currently available HIV drug resistance tests for specific applications. The target product profiles focus on the new-term future for available ART regimens and their use and anticipates an innovate test that will meet the projected demand.
Book Synopsis Antiviral Drug Resistance by : Douglas D. Richman
Download or read book Antiviral Drug Resistance written by Douglas D. Richman and published by Wiley. This book was released on 1996-12-02 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of antiviral drug resistance has provided important insights into the structure of virus enzymes, the functions of certain genes, mechanisms of action of antiviral drugs, the design of new antiviral compounds and the pathogenesis of viral diseases. The emergence of resistant strains must be explored at all stages of drug development: during the preclinical evaluation of candidate compounds; during the early clinical evaluation of new drugs; and as part of epidemiological surveillance for the prevalence of resistance during use of approved treatments. Accumulating understanding of antiviral drug resistance thus reflects progress in the chemotherapy of viral infection. Antiviral Drug Resistance provides state-of-the-art coverage of the basic and clinical aspects of this subject. It deals with the basic science, including the mechanisms of drug resistance and drug action, genetics of drug resistance, cross resistance, and X-ray crystallographic structural aspects of resistance, as well as the clinical aspects, including issues of assay of susceptibility of clinical isolates, descriptive aspects of emergence of reduced susceptibility, and clinical significance and impact of resistance. As such this unique volume will be essential to basic researchers in drug discovery and viral pathogenesis, as well as clinicians involved in antiviral chemotherapy.
Book Synopsis Antimicrobial Drug Resistance by : Douglas L. Mayers
Download or read book Antimicrobial Drug Resistance written by Douglas L. Mayers and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two volumes included in Antimicrobial Drug Resistance, Second Edition is an updated, comprehensive and multidisciplinary reference covering the area of antimicrobial drug resistance in bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites from basic science, clinical, and epidemiological perspectives. This newly revised compendium reviews the most current research and development on drug resistance while still providing the information in the accessible format of the first edition. The first volume, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance: Mechanisms of Drug Resistance, is dedicated to the biological basis of drug resistance and effective avenues for drug development. With the emergence of more drug-resistant organisms, the approach to dealing with the drug resistance problem must include the research of different aspects of the mechanisms of bacterial resistance and the dissemination of resistance genes as well as research utilizing new genomic information. These approaches will permit the design of novel strategies to develop new antibiotics and preserve the effectiveness of those currently available. The second volume, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects, is devoted to the clinical aspects of drug resistance. Although there is evidence that restricted use of a specific antibiotic can be followed by a decrease in drug resistance to that agent, drug resistance control is not easily achieved. Thus, the infectious diseases physician requires input from the clinical microbiologist, antimicrobial stewardship personnel, and infection control specialist to make informed choices for the effective management of various strains of drug-resistant pathogens in individual patients. This 2-volume set is an important reference for students in microbiology, infectious diseases physicians, medical students, basic scientists, drug development researchers, microbiologists, epidemiologists, and public health practitioners.
