Teias matemáticas: frentes na ciência e na sociedade

Download Teias matemáticas: frentes na ciência e na sociedade PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra / Coimbra University Press
ISBN 13 : 9726629705
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (266 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Teias matemáticas: frentes na ciência e na sociedade by : Maria Paula Martins Serra de Oliveira

Download or read book Teias matemáticas: frentes na ciência e na sociedade written by Maria Paula Martins Serra de Oliveira and published by Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra / Coimbra University Press. This book was released on 2004-05-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Instrumentos Matemáticos complexos permitiram realizar com sucesso tarefas tão distintas como a programação de um voo a Marte, a previsão de resultados eleitorais, a explicação do funcionamento de alguns mecanismos do sistema nervoso, ou a abordagem crítica de obras de arte e de textos literários. Da Ciência à Sociedade, dos grandes avanços técnicos à solidez de uma argumentação lógica, a Matemática constrói Teias de uma imensa flexibilidade resultante do carácter universal da sua linguagem. Neste livro personalidades de diferentes universos dão o seu testemunho sobre a forma como usam as Teias Matemáticas para tecer a sua própria visão do mundo.

MATEMATICAS BASICAS. Una Introducción al Cálculo

Download MATEMATICAS BASICAS. Una Introducción al Cálculo PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 1291087141
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis MATEMATICAS BASICAS. Una Introducción al Cálculo by : Alix Fuentes

Download or read book MATEMATICAS BASICAS. Una Introducción al Cálculo written by Alix Fuentes and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2016-08-31 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "MATEMATICAS BASICAS. Una Introducción al Cálculo" tiene una fácil manera para aprender a aprender Matemáticas con cuatro capítulos principales; el primero está referido a la teoría de conjuntos, el sistema numérico y la recta real, junto con el sistema cartesiano del plano y espacio. El segundo capítulo muestra aplicaciones de la teoría de conjuntos, las permutaciones, las combinaciones, las relaciones y las funciones. El tercer capítulo ilustra traslaciones y modelos funcionales con los tipos de funciones: real, polinómica, constante, lineal, cuadrática, exponencial, logarítmica, trigonométricas y función inversa. El cuarto capítulo desarrolla las ecuaciones y desigualdades, junto con sistemas de ecuaciones y desigualdades lineales o no lineales. El quinto capítulo concluye con ejercicios de recapitulación resueltos. Esta obra está dirigida a estudiantes universitarios en programas académicos presenciales o de educación a distancia en ciencias económicas, administrativas, sociales y humanísticas.

Evaluaciones nacionales del rendimiento académico Volumen 2

Download Evaluaciones nacionales del rendimiento académico Volumen 2 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464807469
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Evaluaciones nacionales del rendimiento académico Volumen 2 by : Prue Anderson

Download or read book Evaluaciones nacionales del rendimiento académico Volumen 2 written by Prue Anderson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-02-26 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Desarrollo de pruebas y cuestionarios para una evaluación nacional del rendimiento académico es el segundo de esta serie diseñada para ayudar a desarrollar la capacidad de llevar a cabo evaluaciones técnicamente adecuadas de los niveles nacionales de rendimiento estudiantil. Presenta a los lectores las actividades ligadas al desarrollo de las pruebas de rendimiento académico, e incluye el desarrollo de un marco de evaluación, la redacción de ítems de tipo opción múltiple y respuesta construida, la realización de pruebas previas, la producción de cuadernillos de prueba y la calificación manual de los ítems. Una parte dedicada a la elaboración de los cuestionarios describe el diseño de los mismos, la redacción de las preguntas, la codificación de las respuestas y la vinculación del cuestionario con los datos de puntuación de la prueba. La parte final expone el desarrollo de un manual de administración de la prueba, la selección de administradores de las pruebas y los contactos con las escuelas muestreadas. El CD de acompañamiento contiene ejemplos de ítems procedentes de pruebas nacionales e internacionales, cuestionarios de muestra y manuales administrativos. El libro debe servir de recurso útil para todos aquellos interesados en las evaluaciones educativas, especialmente el personal dedicado a la realización de evaluaciones nacionales de rendimiento estudiantil.

Education

Download Education PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 770 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Education by :

Download or read book Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Role of the History of Mathematics in the Teaching/Learning Process

Download The Role of the History of Mathematics in the Teaching/Learning Process PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031299000
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Role of the History of Mathematics in the Teaching/Learning Process by : Sixto Romero Sanchez

Download or read book The Role of the History of Mathematics in the Teaching/Learning Process written by Sixto Romero Sanchez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-15 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents multiple perspectives on the uses of the history of mathematics for teaching and learning, including the value of historical topics in challenging mathematics tasks, for provoking teachers’ reflection on the nature of mathematics, curriculum development questions that mirror earlier pedagogical choices in the history of mathematics education, and the history of technological innovations in the teaching and learning of mathematics. An ethnomathematical perspective on the history of mathematics challenges readers to appreciate the role of mathematics in perpetuating consequences of colonialism. Histories of the textbook and its uses offer interesting insights into how technology has changed the fundamental role of curriculum materials and classroom pedagogies. History is explored as a source for the training of teachers, for good puzzles and problems, and for a broad understanding of mathematics education policy. Third in a series of sourcebooks from the International Commission for the Study and Improvement of Mathematics Teaching, this collection of cutting-edge research, stories from the field, and policy implications is a contemporary and global perspective on current possibilities for the history of mathematics for mathematics education. This latest volume integrates discussions regarding history of mathematics, history of mathematics education and history of technology for education that have taken place at the Commission's recent annual conferences.

Imagine Math 6

Download Imagine Math 6 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319939491
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Imagine Math 6 by : Michele Emmer

Download or read book Imagine Math 6 written by Michele Emmer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-06 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imagine mathematics, imagine with the help of mathematics, imagine new worlds, new geometries, new forms. Imagine building mathematical models that make it possible to manage our world better, imagine combining music, art, poetry, literature, architecture and cinema with mathematics. Imagine the unpredictable and sometimes counterintuitive applications of mathematics in all areas of human endeavour. Imagination and mathematics, imagination and culture, culture and mathematics. This sixth volume in the series begins with a homage to the architect Zaha Hadid, who died on March 31st, 2016, a few weeks before the opening of a large exhibition of her works in Palazzo Franchetti in Venice, where all the Mathematics and Culture conferences have taken place in the last years. A large section of the book is dedicated to literature, narrative and mathematics including a contribution from Simon Singh. It discusses the role of media in mathematics, including museums of science, journals and movies. Mathematics and applications, including blood circulation and preventing crimes using earthquakes, is also addressed, while a section on mathematics and art examines the role of math in design. A large selection presents photos of mathematicians and mathematical objects by Vincent Moncorge. Discussing all topics in a way that is rigorous but captivating, detailed but full of evocations, it offers an all-embracing look at the world of mathematics and culture.

ESSENTIAL MATHEMATICS, EXAMPLES AND EXERCISES

Download ESSENTIAL MATHEMATICS, EXAMPLES AND EXERCISES PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Publisher Venera. Венера
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis ESSENTIAL MATHEMATICS, EXAMPLES AND EXERCISES by : HECTOR NUÑEZ RODRIGUEZ

Download or read book ESSENTIAL MATHEMATICS, EXAMPLES AND EXERCISES written by HECTOR NUÑEZ RODRIGUEZ and published by Publisher Venera. Венера. This book was released on 2016-06-26 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains practical exercises and didactic examples, ranging from arithmetic to calculus, including fundamental themes of the algebra and analytic geometry. It is specialized in the teaching and learning of mathematics, in his book and essential levels arises from the problems detected in the knowledge of mathematics at different educational levels. With the skill and judgment of the teacher, the parent or student, this material can be a useful and valuable tool in the rapprochement and gradual mastery of relevant and be mesmerized field of mathematics. With math, everything; nothing without mathematics, it could be the human world he has created and developed the mathematical knowledge as a tool or a key device in the civilizing technological work motto. Mathematical knowledge is also a tool to challenge and intellectual growth, invaluable in the development of the most important brain cognitive abilities

Mathland

Download Mathland PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783764301491
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (14 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mathland by : Michele Emmer

Download or read book Mathland written by Michele Emmer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest book in our successful series IT Revolution in Architecture provides a concise summary of how our perception of the space around us has radically changed in recent years. We could even go as far as to say that we ourselves shape the space around us according to how our perceptions of the universe alter and develop, and mathematics plays a pivotal role. In this book, the "virtual" protagonist of the journey through the concept of space is the square. Michele Emmer, born in 1945, is Professor of Mathematics at the University La Sapienza in Rome and has authored many books and films on the subject of mathematics and art and culture. He was also responsible for exhibitions at the Venetian Biennale and the Cité des Sciences La Villette in Paris.

Intermediate Spanish

Download Intermediate Spanish PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134256108
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (342 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Intermediate Spanish by : Irene Wilkie

Download or read book Intermediate Spanish written by Irene Wilkie and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-08-07 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is designed for learners who have achieved basic proficiency and wish to progress to more complex language. Each of the units combines concise grammar explanations with examples and exercises to help build confidence and fluency. Features include: clear explanations of the similarities and differences in English and Spanish grammar authentic language examples from a range of contemporary media reading comprehensions at the end of each unit full cross-referencing throughout extra tips on language learning and learning specific grammar points. Suitable for students learning with or without a teacher, Intermediate Spanish, together with Basic Spanish form a structured course in the essentials of Spanish grammar.

Bolon Tiku

Download Bolon Tiku PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Palibrio
ISBN 13 : 1463331851
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (633 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Bolon Tiku by : Jorge Chapa Carreon

Download or read book Bolon Tiku written by Jorge Chapa Carreon and published by Palibrio. This book was released on 2012-08 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La historia la escriben los vencedores y lo hacen según su conveniencia para sus fines colonizadores. Por eso, por ejemplo, gran parte de la cultura azteca permaneció oculta, hasta que M. León Portilla, en su libro Visión de los Vencidos, nos muestra una relación del testimonio histórico de los conquistados. Por lo mismo, en ningún tratado de la historia de las matemáticas y astronomía actual se mencionan los adelantos que respecto de los conocimientos astronómicos y matemáticos, se alcanzaron por las culturas antiguas que florecieron en el continente Americano, a pesar de que en algunos casos se adelantaran casi mil años a los del viejo continente, como se demuestra en la ecuación: 8x365=5x584=13x224.61538 Ecuación a la que llegaron Mayas y Teotihuacanos por el 378 d.C. y que relaciona el movimiento de los planetas Venus y la tierra en su transito alrededor del Sol y que en Europa no se conoció sino hasta el siglo XVI con la ecuación de los planetas atribuida a Kepler: 1/T = 1/ Sin+1/S ... es decir: 1/365=1/584+1/224.61538 Donde se muestra que la revolución sideral de Venus de 224.61538, es decir el número de días terrestres que tarda en darle la vuelta al Sol es exactamente la misma. Amen de desarrollar, los Mayas, un modelo matemático del tipo fractal, como se muestra en esta investigación del movimiento de los planetas de nuestro sistema solar, visibles a simple vista, que seguramente es el primero de este tipo en la historia de la humanidad. Y este modelo matemático fractal del tiempo precolombino cuya quinta Era Solar terminará este 21 de Diciembre del 2012, en un solsticio de invierno y que con las 4 eras anteriores, completaran un ciclo de precesión del eje terrestre y así mismo habrán un eclipse de Sol y otro de Luna, un tránsito de Venus por el disco Solar, una alineación del Sol y la tierra con el centro de la Vía Láctea y además serán visibles al atardecer los planetas Mercurio, Venus, Marte, Júpiter y Saturno. También se muestran en este trabajo otros adelantos alcanzados por las culturas Americanas precolombinas que se conocen poco, como son el Grabado al Agua Fuerte, el torno del alfarero rústico, el electro plateado, la brújula, el trabajo de los metales etc.

Crucigramas numéricos de matemáticas(Aritmética y Álgebra)

Download Crucigramas numéricos de matemáticas(Aritmética y Álgebra) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Editorial Ink
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Crucigramas numéricos de matemáticas(Aritmética y Álgebra) by : Carlos Gutiérrez Aranzeta

Download or read book Crucigramas numéricos de matemáticas(Aritmética y Álgebra) written by Carlos Gutiérrez Aranzeta and published by Editorial Ink. This book was released on with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Constitution and Production of Mathematics in the Cyberspace

Download Constitution and Production of Mathematics in the Cyberspace PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030422429
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Constitution and Production of Mathematics in the Cyberspace by : Maria Aparecida Viggiani Bicudo

Download or read book Constitution and Production of Mathematics in the Cyberspace written by Maria Aparecida Viggiani Bicudo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-29 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together various studies that assume phenomenology to analyze how mathematics education is affected by the experience of being in the cyberspace. The authors of the chapters included in this contributed volume work with the theoretical framework developed by authors such as Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger and Maurice Merleau-Ponty to investigate how mathematics is produced and comprehended in a new way of being in the world, with digital technologies. The aim of this book is not to explain the tools used and how one works with them in the cyberspace, aiming at better teaching and learning mathematics. Its purpose is to present philosophical investigations that contribute to the understanding of the complexity of the world in which we are being researchers and mathematics teachers. By doing so, Constitution and Production of Mathematics in the Cyberspace – A Phenomenological Approach will help researchers and mathematics teachers understand their role in a world in which the experience of teaching and learning mathematics is being radically changed by new technologies and new ways of being in this world.

Learning Mathematics by Cultural-Historical Theory Implementation

Download Learning Mathematics by Cultural-Historical Theory Implementation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031668944
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (316 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Learning Mathematics by Cultural-Historical Theory Implementation by : Aleksander Veraksa

Download or read book Learning Mathematics by Cultural-Historical Theory Implementation written by Aleksander Veraksa and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Human Development

Download Human Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pearson Educación
ISBN 13 : 9789684445161
Total Pages : 726 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (451 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Human Development by : Grace J. Craig

Download or read book Human Development written by Grace J. Craig and published by Pearson Educación. This book was released on 1999 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed for students from a wide range of backgrounds, this text takes a chronological and interdisciplinary approach to human development. With its focus on context and culture, the 8/E illustrates that the status of human development is inextricably embedded in a study of complex and changing cultures.

Be Smarter

Download Be Smarter PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Félix Enrique González Solano
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Be Smarter by : Heinrich Grothendieck

Download or read book Be Smarter written by Heinrich Grothendieck and published by Félix Enrique González Solano. This book was released on 2023-08-15 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human brain is like one of our muscles, and like any of them, you must work constantly to not atrophy. We are used to seeing physically wellbeing more important than our own thinking, and because of that, we hardly work on our intelligence. The purpose of this book is to work that powerful "muscle". We will begin with problems that activate our brain, just like what makes a warm-up to the muscles. Then, as the reader moves forward, we will develop other important aspects, such as the use of appropriate language for problem solving, ordered reasoning, and mathematical logical thinking. Now, for this treatment to our brain to be effective, it is necessary for the reader to continue his exercise routine, once he starts, does not stop, in the end he will be able to realize that he has done a good to his mind.

Mathematical Modelling Programs in Latin America

Download Mathematical Modelling Programs in Latin America PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031042719
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mathematical Modelling Programs in Latin America by : Milton Rosa

Download or read book Mathematical Modelling Programs in Latin America written by Milton Rosa and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-06 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the unique, sophisticated, and rigorous study of mathematics in Latin America developed over centuries of cultural exchange between Europe, North, and South America. More specifically, the book explores the tradition of mathematical modelling, introduced a century ago. This modelling was adapted to assist members of distinct communities to draw information about their own realities through the elaboration of representations, which generate mathematical knowledge that deals with creativity and invention. The book provides empirical evidence that a category of mathematical modelling developed in Latin America assesses the horizontal and reciprocal relations between mathematics (school/non-school contexts) and the real world. These relations provide an epistemological and ontological change, where mathematical knowledge of the others is recognized on a horizontal plane. Further, they oblige mathematics teachers and students to understand as a community of knowledge that builds their own mathematical categories of their environment governed by the reciprocal relationships between academic knowledge and functional knowledge. The dimensions of the relationships make up a frame of reference that guides educational change in mathematics. The book presents an inquiry-based approach of three Latin American modelling programs: ethnomodelling, transversality of knowledge, and reasoned decision-making. Each one, with its respective theoretical and methodological foundations related to ethnomathematics and mathematical modelling, socioepistemology, and the attribution of meaning to learning. Undoubtedly, the three mathematical modelling programs, independently, provide educational gains, each with its levels of specificity and loyal to its philosophical, theoretical, and methodological principles. However, the book places them together, organized by axes, to define a corpus of mathematical knowledge that envisions profound educational change through the development of different approaches of mathematical modelling. The authors of the 18 chapters in this book, who represent the diversity of Latin America, are from eight countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Honduras, and Mexico. They were invited to share their ideas, perspectives, and discuss investigations that represent a rich sample of three Latin American perspectives on mathematical modelling.

Programming Environments for Massively Parallel Distributed Systems

Download Programming Environments for Massively Parallel Distributed Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783764350901
Total Pages : 682 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (59 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Programming Environments for Massively Parallel Distributed Systems by : Karsten M. Decker

Download or read book Programming Environments for Massively Parallel Distributed Systems written by Karsten M. Decker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cray Research MPP Fortran Programming Model.- Resource Optimisation via Structured Parallel Programming.- SYNAPS/3 - An Extension of C for Scientific Computations.- The Pyramid Programming System.- Intelligent Algorithm Decomposition for Parallelism with Alfer.- Symbolic Array Data Flow Analysis and Pattern Recognition in Numerical Codes.- A GUI for Parallel Code Generation.- Formal Techniques Based on Nets, Object Orientation and Reusability for Rapid Prototyping of Complex Systems.- Adaptor - A Transformation Tool for HPF Programs.- A Parallel Framework for Unstructured Grid Solvers.- A Study of Software Development for High Performance Computing.- Parallel Computational Frames: An Approach to Parallel Application Development based on Message Passing Systems.- A Knowledge-Based Scientific Parallel Programming Environment.- Parallel Distributed Algorithm Design Through Specification Transformation: The Asynchronous Vision System.- Steps Towards Reusability and Portability in Parallel Programming.- An Environment for Portable Distributed Memory Parallel Programming.- Reuse, Portability and Parallel Libraries.- Assessing the Usability of Parallel Programming Systems: The Cowichan Problems.- Experimentally Assessing the Usability of Parallel Programming Systems.- Experiences with Parallel Programming Tools.- The MPI Message Passing Interface Standard.- An Efficient Implementation of MPI.- Post: A New Postal Delivery Model.- Asynchronous Backtrackable Communications in the SLOOP Object-Oriented Language.- A Parallel I/O System for High-Performance Distributed Computing.- Language and Compiler Support for Parallel I/O.- Locality in Scheduling Models of Parallel Computation.- A Load Balancing Algorithm for Massively Parallel Systems.- Static Performance Prediction in PCASE: A Programming Environment for Parallel Supercomputers.- A Performance Tool for High-Level Parallel Programming Languages.- Implementation of a Scalable Trace Analysis Tool.- The Design of a Tool for Parallel Program Performance Analysis and Tuning.- The MPP Apprentice Performance Tool: Delivering the Performance of the Cray T3D.- Optimized Record-Replay Mechanism for RPC-based Parallel Programming.- Abstract Debugging of Distributed Applications.- Design of a Parallel Object-Oriented Linear Algebra Library.- A Library for Coarse Grain Macro-Pipelining in Distributed Memory Architectures.- An Improved Massively Parallel Implementation of Colored Petri-Net Specifications.- A Tool for Parallel System Configuration and Program Mapping based on Genetic Algorithms.- Emulating a Paragon XP/S on a Network of Workstations.- Evaluating VLIW-in-the-large.- Implementing a N-Mixed Memory Model on a Distributed Memory System.- Working Group Report: Reducing the Complexity of Parallel Software Development.- Working Group Report: Usability of Parallel Programming System.- Working Group Report: Skeletons/Templates.