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Cross Layer Prioritized Video Transmission
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Book Synopsis Using Cross-Layer Techniques for Communication Systems by : Rashvand, Habib F.
Download or read book Using Cross-Layer Techniques for Communication Systems written by Rashvand, Habib F. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2012-04-30 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the existing layering infrastructure--used globally for designing computers, data networks, and intelligent distributed systems and which connects various local and global communication services--is conceptually correct and pedagogically elegant, it is now well over 30 years old has started create a serious bottleneck. Using Cross-Layer Techniques for Communication Systems: Techniques and Applications explores how cross-layer methods provide ways to escape from the current communications model and overcome the challenges imposed by restrictive boundaries between layers. Written exclusively by well-established researchers, experts, and professional engineers, the book will present basic concepts, address different approaches for solving the cross-layer problem, investigate recent developments in cross-layer problems and solutions, and present the latest applications of the cross-layer in a variety of systems and networks.
Book Synopsis Cross-Layer Prioritized Video Transmission by : Kashyap Kodanda Ram Kambhatla
Download or read book Cross-Layer Prioritized Video Transmission written by Kashyap Kodanda Ram Kambhatla and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quality of H.264/AVC compressed video delivery over time-varying and error-prone wireless channels is affected by packet losses. To support quality of service (QoS) for video delivery over wireless networks cross-layer schemes have been discussed in the literature. We introduce a cross-layer priority-aware packet fragmentation scheme at the medium access control (MAC) layer to enhance the quality of pre-encoded H.264/AVC compressed bitstreams over bit-rate limited error-prone links in wireless networks. Larger fragments are more likely to be in error but smaller fragments require more overhead. The H.264 slices are classified in four priorities at the encoder based on their cumulative mean square error (CMSE) contribution towards the received video quality. The slices of a priority class in each frame are aggregated into video packets of corresponding priority at the application (APP) layer. We derive the optimal fragment size for each priority class which achieves the maximum expected weighted goodput at different encoded video bit rates, slice sizes and bit error rates. Priority-aware packet fragmentation invokes slice discard in the buffer due to channel bit rate constraints on allocating fragment header bits. We propose a slice discard scheme using frame importance and slice CMSE contribution to control error propagation effects. Packet fragmentation is then extended to slice fragmentation by modifying the conventional H.264 decoder to handle partial slice decoding. Priority-aware slice fragmentation combined with the proposed slice discard scheme provides considerable peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and video quality metric gains as compared to priority-agnostic fragmentation. Distortion due to channel errors can be alleviated by assigning stronger channel code rates, at the cost of reduced rate for source coding. Besides MAC layer fragmentation, aggregating H.264/AVC slices at the APP layer to form video packets with sizes adapted to their importance can also improve transmission reliability. We present a cross-layer dynamic programming (DP) approach to minimize the expected received video distortion by jointly addressing the priority-adaptive packet formation at the APP layer and rate compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) code rate allocation at the physical layer for pre-encoded prioritized slices of each group of pictures (GOP). Our scheme discards some low priority slices in order to improve protection to more important slices and meet the channel bitrate limitations, whenever necessary. Simulation results show that our proposed approach significantly improves received video quality compared to other error protection schemes. Further, we extend our cross-layer DP-based scheme to slices of each frame by predicting the expected channel bit budget per frame for real-time transmission. The prediction uses a generalized linear model developed over the parameters - CMSE per frame, channel SNR, and normalized compressed frame bit budget determined over a video dataset that spans high, medium and low motion complexity. This predicted frame bit budget is used to derive the packet sizes and their corresponding RCPC code rates for transmission using our DP-based approach. Simulation results show good correlation with the results of our DP-based scheme applied over the GOP. Unique characteristics of video traffic, such as the temporal and spatial dependencies between different video frames and their deadline constraints, pose a challenge in supporting the video quality rendered to the clients over time-varying, bandwidth-limited channels. Scalable Video Coding (H.264/SVC) enables the transmission and decoding of partial bit streams to provide video services with lower temporal or spatial resolutions or reduced fidelity while retaining a reconstruction quality that is high relative to the rate of the partial bit streams. We propose a sliding-window based flow control for scheduling the network abstraction layer (NAL) units in the post-encoding buffer of the streaming server for a real-time scalable video transmission scenario over a fast time-varying channel. Our scheduling scheme considers the importance of the NAL unit in terms of (i ) its CMSE distortion contributed to the received video quality, (ii ) its size in bits, and (iii ) its time-to-expiry in seconds. The scheduling problem of determining the appropriate order of transmission is formulated as a 0-1 knapsack problem and a DP solution is proposed which runs in polynomial time. Our scheduling approach significantly reduces the number of whole frames discarded as compared to (a) a CMSE-based scheme which considers the importance of the NAL units only in terms of their CMSE contribution, and (b) the earliest deadline first scheme which minimizes the dwelling time of the NAL units in the post-encoding buffer. Simulation results show significant PSNR gains for different video sequences at different pre-roll delays.
Book Synopsis Cross-layer Schemes for Enhancing H.264/AVC Video Quality Over Wireless Channels by :
Download or read book Cross-layer Schemes for Enhancing H.264/AVC Video Quality Over Wireless Channels written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid growth of video applications over wireless networks is overwhelming the wireless bandwidth. Since video applications demand large bandwidth and realtime transmission, supporting the rapidly increasing video traffic over the bandwidth-limited, error-prone, and time-varying wireless channels is very challenging. As a result, the video applications are likely to suffer packet losses over wireless networks which results in quality degradation. In this dissertation, we design a distortion prediction model for H.264/AVC compressed video streams, and use it for designing novel cross-layer protocols for enhancing the video quality by making more efficient use of the available wireless resources. The cumulative mean squared error (CMSE) is a widely used measure of video distortion. However, CMSE measurement is a time-consuming and computationally-intensive process which is not suitable for many video applications. A low-complexity and low-delay generalized linear model is proposed for predicting CMSE contributed by the loss of H.264 AVC encoded video slices. The model is trained over a video database by using a combination of video factors that are extracted during the encoding of the current frame, without using any data from future frames in the group of pictures (GOP). The slices are then prioritized within a GOP based on their predicted CMSE values. The accuracy of the CMSE prediction model is analyzed using cross-validation, analysis of variance, and correlation coefficients. The simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of the CMSE prediction model for varying encoder configurations and bit rates of test videos. The CMSE slice prediction model is used to design an unequal error protection (UEP) scheme, using the rate-compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) codes over wireless channels. This scheme provides protection to the video slices against the channel errors, based on their priority, in order to minimize the video distortion. An application of our slice prioritization is demonstrated by implementing a priority-aware slice discard scheme, where the low-priority slices are dropped from the router when the network experiences congestion. Additionally, the GOP-level slice prioritization is extended to the frame-level slice prioritization, and its performance is evaluated over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels The idea of using slice CMSE prediction is extended to adapt the video packet size to the wireless channel conditions, in order to minimize the video distortion. A real-time, priority-aware joint packet fragmentation and error protection scheme for real-time video transmission over Rayleigh fading channels is presented. The fragment error rates (FERs) are simulated for a combination of different fragment sizes and RCPC code rates. These FERs are then used to determine the optimal fragment sizes and code rates for packets of each priority class by minimizing the expected normalized predicted CMSE per GOP in H.264 video bit stream. An improvement in the received video quality over the conventional and priority-agnostic packet fragmentation schemes is observed. Next, a cross-layer, priority-aware scheduling scheme for real-time transmission of multiple video applications over a time-varying channel is developed. Each video application considered has different characteristics such as user priority, latency, distortion, size, and encoding bit rate. A cost function is optimized to determine the scheduling order for video frames. The performance of our scheme is compared with that of the CMSE based scheme, where the frames are rank-ordered for transmission using its CMSE per bit values, and with the earliest deadline first (EDF) scheme in which each user takes turns to transmit a frame. A collaborative effort with other researchers and developed two additional cross-layer error protection schemes. In the first scheme, a cross layer UEP scheme that jointly assigned FEC at both the Application layer (using Luby Transform) and the Physical layer (using RCPC codes) for prioritized video transmission is developed. The video distortion function is minimized by using the genetic algorithm (GA). The performance of our scheme is evaluated for different channel SNR values. In the second UEP scheme, a framework that combined the RCPC codes and concatenated it with hierarchical quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is investigated. Employing RCPC codes and hierarchical modulation jointly resulted in greater flexibility as some parts of the data can be protected only by the hierarchical modulation while others may be protected by a low FEC code rate. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared to the standard 8-QAM with symmetric constellation.
Book Synopsis Cross-layer Framework for Wireless Video Communication Over USRP by : Praveen Janarthanan
Download or read book Cross-layer Framework for Wireless Video Communication Over USRP written by Praveen Janarthanan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that the modern day wireless networks involve a significant amount of video traffic. The present day physical layer standards support high bit-rates so that the HD video could be streamed. But though the bit-rates are high, sudden channel errors are unexpected and unavoidable. This reflects on the video quality very badly. This means there is still room for intelligent solution for efficient video transfer. Cross-layer approach is one of the solution. Due to presence of frame dependencies in video the frames are prioritized and assigned a relative priority index values which is used to provide unequal error protection. Also the transmission deadlines of each frame is different. Thus a time based adaptive MAC layer re-transmission is proposed in this thesis. In this thesis we mainly focus on developing a cross-layer framework for wireless unicast video transmission on software defined radios (SDR). SDR are being very flexible in implementing MAC and PHY layers, helps to easily implement a cross-layer design too. A MAC layer centric cross-layer approach is adopted here. This approach involves choosing an appropriate modulation scheme with the known knowledge of channel state available from PHY layer at the receiver, and relative priority index (RPI) of each video frame from the application layer and adapting MAC re-transmission based on transmission deadline (Td) of the video packet from APP layer. An in-band cross-layer signaling is adopted here, in which RPI and Td are written in the header of the rtp packet. The SNR values from receiver are sent back to the sender along with the MAC acknowledgment. A content aware time based adaptive re-transmission (TAR) and a heuristic modulation selection algorithm are implemented using this framework. MAC and PHY layers are developed on GNU radio with USRPs N210s. Evalvid tool at the application layer for video streaming and evaluation. Results show that the gain in the efficiency is mostly due to the TAR mechanism.
Book Synopsis Streaming Media Architectures, Techniques, and Applications: Recent Advances by : Zhu, Ce
Download or read book Streaming Media Architectures, Techniques, and Applications: Recent Advances written by Zhu, Ce and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book spans a number of interdependent and emerging topics in streaming media, offering a comprehensive collection of topics including media coding, wireless/mobile video, P2P media streaming, and applications of streaming media"--Provided by publisher.
Book Synopsis High-Quality Visual Experience by : Marta Mrak
Download or read book High-Quality Visual Experience written by Marta Mrak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-08 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Last few years have seen rapid acceptance of high-definition television (HDTV) technology around the world. This technology has been hugely successful in delivering more realistic television experience at home and accurate imaging for professional applications. Adoption of high definition continues to grow as consumers demand enhanced features and greater quality of content. Following this trend, natural evolution of visualisation technologies will be in the direction of fully realistic visual experience and highly precise imaging. However, using the content of even higher resolution and quality is not straightforward as such videos require significantly higher access bandwidth and more processing power. Therefore, methods for radical reduction of video bandwidth are crucial for realisation of high visual quality. Moreover, it is desirable to look into other ways of accessing visual content, solution to which lies in innovative schemes for content delivery and consumption. This book presents selected chapters covering technologies that will enable greater flexibility in video content representation and allow users to access content from any device and to interact with it.
Book Synopsis Cross-layer Perceptual Optimization for Wireless Video Transmission by : Amin Nazih Abdel Khalek
Download or read book Cross-layer Perceptual Optimization for Wireless Video Transmission written by Amin Nazih Abdel Khalek and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bandwidth-intensive video streaming applications occupy an overwhelming fraction of bandwidth-limited wireless network traffic. Compressed video data are highly structured and the psycho-visual perception of distortions and losses closely depends on that structure. This dissertation exploits the inherent video data structure to develop perceptually-optimized transmission paradigms at different protocol layers that improve video quality of experience, introduce error resilience, and enable supporting more video users. First, we consider the problem of network-wide perceptual quality optimization whereby different video users with (possibly different) real-time delay constraints are sharing wireless channel resources. Due to the inherently stochastic nature of wireless fading channels, we provide statistical delay guarantees using the theory of effective capacity. We derive the resource allocation policy that maximizes the sum video quality and show that the optimal operating point per user is such that the rate-distortion slope is the inverse of the supported video source rate per unit bandwidth, termed source spectral efficiency. We further propose a scheduling policy that maximizes the number of scheduled users that meet their QoS requirement. Next, we develop user-level perceptual quality optimization techniques for non-scalable video streams. For non-scalable videos, we estimate packet loss visibility through a generalized linear model and use for prioritized packet delivery. We solve the problem of mapping video packets to MIMO subchannels and adapting per-stream rates to maximize the total perceptual value of successfully delivered packets per unit time. We show that the solution enables jointly reaping gains in terms of improved video quality and lower latency. Optimized packet-stream mapping enables transmission of more relevant packets over more reliable streams while unequal modulation opportunistically increases the transmission rate on the stronger streams to enable low latency delivery of high priority packets. Finally, we develop user-level perceptual quality optimization techniques for scalable video streams. We propose online learning of the mapping between packet losses and quality degradation using nonparametric regression. This quality-loss mapping is subsequently used to provide unequal error protection for different video layers with perceptual quality guarantees. Channel-aware scalable codec adaptation and buffer management policies simultaneously ensure continuous high-quality playback. Across the various contributions, analytic results as well as video transmission simulations demonstrate the value of perceptual optimization in improving video quality and capacity.
Book Synopsis Enhanced Wireless Video Transmission Using a Cross-layer Design by : Victoria Sgardoni
Download or read book Enhanced Wireless Video Transmission Using a Cross-layer Design written by Victoria Sgardoni and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quality of Service Architectures for Wireless Networks: Performance Metrics and Management by : Adibi, Sasan
Download or read book Quality of Service Architectures for Wireless Networks: Performance Metrics and Management written by Adibi, Sasan and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2010-01-31 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book further explores various issues and proposed solutions for the provision of Quality of Service (QoS) on the wireless networks"--Provided by publisher.
Book Synopsis Communication, Management and Information Technology by : Marcelo Sampaio de Alencar
Download or read book Communication, Management and Information Technology written by Marcelo Sampaio de Alencar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 805 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Communication, Management and Information Technology contains the contributions presented at the International Conference on Communication, Management and Information Technology (ICCMIT 2016, Cosenza, Italy, 26-29 April 2016, organized by the Universal Society of Applied Research (USAR). The book aims at researchers, scientists, engineers, and scholar students interested or involved in Computer Science and Systems, Communication, and Management.
Author :Management Association, Information Resources Publisher :IGI Global ISBN 13 :1613501021 Total Pages :2875 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (135 download)
Book Synopsis Wireless Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications by : Management Association, Information Resources
Download or read book Wireless Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 2875 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains the latest research, case studies, theories, and methodologies within the field of wireless technologies.
Book Synopsis Trends in Network and Communications by : David C. Wyld
Download or read book Trends in Network and Communications written by David C. Wyld and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-30 with total page 751 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of three International Conferences, NeCoM 2011, on Networks & Communications, WeST 2011, on Web and Semantic Technology, and WiMoN 2011, on Wireless and Mobile Networks, jointly held in Chennai, India, in July 2011. The 74 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers address all technical and practical aspects of networks and communications in wireless and mobile networks dealing with issues such as network protocols and wireless networks, data communication technologies, and network security; they present knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of the Web and semantic technologies; as well as current research on wireless and mobile communications, networks, protocols and on wireless and mobile security.
Book Synopsis Autonomic Management of Mobile Multimedia Services by : Ahmed Helmy
Download or read book Autonomic Management of Mobile Multimedia Services written by Ahmed Helmy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-10-12 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Management of Multimedia and Mobile Networks and Services, MMNS 2006, held in Dublin, Ireland in October 2006 in the course of the 2nd International Week on Management of Networks and Services, Manweek 2006. The 18 revised full papers and six revised short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 71 submissions.
Book Synopsis Innovations in Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications by : Ajith Abraham
Download or read book Innovations in Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications written by Ajith Abraham and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-09 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights recent research results in Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications. It presents 33 selected papers from the 8th International Conference on Innovations in Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications (IBICA 2017), which was held in Marrakesh, Morocco from December 11 to 13, 2017. A premier conference in the nature-inspired computing field, IBICA is intended to bring together the world’s leading researchers and practitioners interested in advancing the state of the art in biologically inspired computing, allowing them to exchange notes on a broad range of disciplines. The book offers a valuable reference guide for all researchers, students and practitioners in the fields of Computer Science and Engineering.
Book Synopsis Multimedia Quality of Experience (QoE) by : Chang Wen Chen
Download or read book Multimedia Quality of Experience (QoE) written by Chang Wen Chen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multimedia Quality of Experience (QoE) Current Status and Future Requirements Multimedia Quality of Experience (QoE): Current Status and Future Requirements discusses the current status of QoE (Quality of Experience) research, providing guidelines on QoE assessment and management practice. Moreover, it covers many different aspects of QoE research, including definitions, standardization (ITU, ETSI, IEEE, IETF), measurement, management, and architectures. In addition, the authors bring together contributions from recognized experts (worldwide) in the area of subjective and objective QoE video assessment. Discusses the current status of QoE research; reporting the latest advances from various standardization bodies Provides guidelines on QoE assessment and management practice Explores methods, means, and architectures of QoE Considers future requirements of QoE
Download or read book Ad Hoc Networks written by Shiwen Mao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-17 with total page 927 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ad hoc networks refer to the wireless networking paradigm that covers a variety of network forms for specific purposes, such as mobile ad hoc networks, sensor n- works, vehicular networks, underwater networks, underground networks, personal area networks, and home networks. The various forms of ad hoc networks promise a broad scope of applications in civilian, commercial, and military areas, which have led to significant new research problems and challenges, and have attracted great efforts from academia, industry, and government. This unique networking paradigm neces- tates re-examination of many established wireless networking concepts and protocols, and calls for developing new fundamental understanding of problems such as interf- ence, mobility, connectivity, capacity, and security, among others. While it is ess- tial to advance theoretical research on fundamentals and practical research on efficient algorithms and protocols, it is also critical to develop useful applications, experim- tal prototypes, and real-world deployments to achieve a practical impact on our so- ety for the success of this networking paradigm. The annual International Conference on Ad Hoc Networks (AdHocNets) is a new event that aims at providing a forum to bring together researchers from academia as well as practitioners from industry and government to meet and exchange ideas and recent research work on all aspects of ad hoc networks. As the first edition of this event, AdHocNets 2009 was successfully held in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, during September 22–25, 2009.
Book Synopsis Embedded Software and Systems by : Laurence T. Yang
Download or read book Embedded Software and Systems written by Laurence T. Yang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-05 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems, ICESS 2005, held in Xi'an, China, in December 2005. The 63 revised full papers presented together with the abstracts of 3 keynote speeches were thoroughly reviewed and selected from 361 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on embedded hardware, embedded software, real-time systems, power aware computing, hardware/software co-design and system-on-chip, testing and verification, reconfigurable computing, agent and distributed computing, wireless communications, mobile computing, pervasive/ubiquitous computing and intelligence, multimedia and human-computer interaction, network protocol, security and fault-tolerance, and abstracts of eight selected workshop papers.
