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Author : United States
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 written by United States and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alison Burke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781636350684
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (56 download)
Download or read book SOU-CCJ230 Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System written by Alison Burke and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : William R. Kelly
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231539223
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)
Download or read book Criminal Justice at the Crossroads written by William R. Kelly and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2015-05-05 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past forty years, the criminal justice system in the United States has engaged in a very expensive policy failure, attempting to punish its way to public safety, with dismal results. So-called "tough on crime" policies have not only failed to effectively reduce crime, recidivism, and victimization but also created an incredibly inefficient system that routinely fails the public, taxpayers, crime victims, criminal offenders, their families, and their communities. Strategies that focus on behavior change are much more productive and cost effective for reducing crime than punishment, and in this book, William R. Kelly discusses the policy, process, and funding innovations and priorities that the United States needs to effectively reduce crime, recidivism, victimization, and cost. He recommends proactive, evidence-based interventions to address criminogenic behavior; collaborative decision making from a variety of professions and disciplines; and a focus on innovative alternatives to incarceration, such as problem-solving courts and probation. Students, professionals, and policy makers alike will find in this comprehensive text a bracing discussion of how our criminal justice system became broken and the best strategies by which to fix it.
Author : Gary Kleck
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781315142258
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (422 download)
Download or read book Punishment and Crime written by Gary Kleck and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes and synthesizes a vast body of research on the effects of legal punishment and criminal behavior. Covering studies conducted between 1967 and 2015, Punishment and Crime evaluates the assertion that legal punishment reduces crime by investigating the impacts, both positive and negative, of legal punishment on criminal behavior, with emphasis on the effects of punitive crime control policies via the mechanisms of deterrence and incapacitation. Brion Sever and Gary Kleck, author of the renowned Point Blank: Guns and Violence in America, present a literature review on legal punishment in the United States that is unparalleled in depth and scope. This text is a must-read for students, researchers, and policymakers concerned with the fields of corrections and crime prevention.
Author : Herbert Packer
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780804780797
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (87 download)
Download or read book The Limits of the Criminal Sanction written by Herbert Packer and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1968-06-01 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The argument of this book begins with the proposition that there are certain things we must understand about the criminal sanction before we can begin to talk sensibly about its limits. First, we need to ask some questions about the rationale of the criminal sanction. What are we trying to do by defining conduct as criminal and punishing people who commit crimes? To what extent are we justified in thinking that we can or ought to do what we are trying to do? Is it possible to construct an acceptable rationale for the criminal sanction enabling us to deal with the argument that it is itself an unethical use of social power? And if it is possible, what implications does that rationale have for the kind of conceptual creature that the criminal law is? Questions of this order make up Part I of the book, which is essentially an extended essay on the nature and justification of the criminal sanction. We also need to understand, so the argument continues, the characteristic processes through which the criminal sanction operates. What do the rules of the game tell us about what the state may and may not do to apprehend, charge, convict, and dispose of persons suspected of committing crimes? Here, too, there is great controversy between two groups who have quite different views, or models, of what the criminal process is all about. There are people who see the criminal process as essentially devoted to values of efficiency in the suppression of crime. There are others who see those values as subordinate to the protection of the individual in his confrontation with the state. A severe struggle over these conflicting values has been going on in the courts of this country for the last decade or more. How that struggle is to be resolved is a second major consideration that we need to take into account before tackling the question of the limits of the criminal sanction. These problems of process are examined in Part II. Part III deals directly with the central problem of defining criteria for limiting the reach of the criminal sanction. Given the constraints of rationale and process examined in Parts I and II, it argues that we have over-relied on the criminal sanction and that we had better start thinking in a systematic way about how to adjust our commitments to our capacities, both moral and operational.
Author : Lily E. Hirsch
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 0472118544
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (721 download)
Download or read book Music in American Crime Prevention and Punishment written by Lily E. Hirsch and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2012-11-15 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical examination of the ways in which music is understood and exploited in American law enforcement and justice
Author : Daniel P. Mears
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110716169X
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)
Download or read book Out-of-Control Criminal Justice written by Daniel P. Mears and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows how to reduce out-of-control criminal justice and create greater public safety, justice, and accountability at less cost.
Author : Henry N. Pontell
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780253203366
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (33 download)
Download or read book The Capacity to Punish written by Henry N. Pontell and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 1985-02-22 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the relationship between crime, demographic characteristics, criminal justice resources, court processing and final sanctioning outcomes at the court level in the U.S. in the context of deterrence theory. It concludes that current criminal justice practices, especially the extremely low probability of certain and severe punishment, make the deterrent effect of punishment minimal under the current system of criminal justice. Court caseloads, influenced particularly be the degree of inequality in the population, appear to be pushing down the formal penalty structures, and hence the probability of sanction. The inability of courts to produce severe and certain sanctions is also linked to the overfunding of police relative to other criminal justice agencies, especially the office of the prosecutor. Putting more cops on the beat might actually lead to further erosion of the deterrent effect of punishment, as more violators are pushed through the 'revolving door' of the courts.
Author : Cesare Beccaria
Publisher : The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 1584776382
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (847 download)
Download or read book An Essay on Crimes and Punishments written by Cesare Beccaria and published by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reprint of the fourth edition, which contains an additional text attributed to Voltaire. Originally published anonymously in 1764, Dei Delitti e Delle Pene was the first systematic study of the principles of crime and punishment. Infused with the spirit of the Enlightenment, its advocacy of crime prevention and the abolition of torture and capital punishment marked a significant advance in criminological thought, which had changed little since the Middle Ages. It had a profound influence on the development of criminal law in Europe and the United States.
Author : Amy E. Lerman
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022613797X
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)
Download or read book Arresting Citizenship written by Amy E. Lerman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-06-06 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The numbers are staggering: One-third of America’s adult population has passed through the criminal justice system and now has a criminal record. Many more were never convicted, but are nonetheless subject to surveillance by the state. Never before has the American government maintained so vast a network of institutions dedicated solely to the control and confinement of its citizens. A provocative assessment of the contemporary carceral state for American democracy, Arresting Citizenship argues that the broad reach of the criminal justice system has fundamentally recast the relation between citizen and state, resulting in a sizable—and growing—group of second-class citizens. From police stops to court cases and incarceration, at each stage of the criminal justice system individuals belonging to this disempowered group come to experience a state-within-a-state that reflects few of the country’s core democratic values. Through scores of interviews, along with analyses of survey data, Amy E. Lerman and Vesla M. Weaver show how this contact with police, courts, and prisons decreases faith in the capacity of American political institutions to respond to citizens’ concerns and diminishes the sense of full and equal citizenship—even for those who have not been found guilty of any crime. The effects of this increasingly frequent contact with the criminal justice system are wide-ranging—and pernicious—and Lerman and Weaver go on to offer concrete proposals for reforms to reincorporate this large group of citizens as active participants in American civic and political life.
Author : Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309298018
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (98 download)
Download or read book The Growth of Incarceration in the United States written by Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-12-31 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After decades of stability from the 1920s to the early 1970s, the rate of imprisonment in the United States has increased fivefold during the last four decades. The U.S. penal population of 2.2 million adults is by far the largest in the world. Just under one-quarter of the world's prisoners are held in American prisons. The U.S. rate of incarceration, with nearly 1 out of every 100 adults in prison or jail, is 5 to 10 times higher than the rates in Western Europe and other democracies. The U.S. prison population is largely drawn from the most disadvantaged part of the nation's population: mostly men under age 40, disproportionately minority, and poorly educated. Prisoners often carry additional deficits of drug and alcohol addictions, mental and physical illnesses, and lack of work preparation or experience. The growth of incarceration in the United States during four decades has prompted numerous critiques and a growing body of scientific knowledge about what prompted the rise and what its consequences have been for the people imprisoned, their families and communities, and for U.S. society. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States examines research and analysis of the dramatic rise of incarceration rates and its affects. This study makes the case that the United States has gone far past the point where the numbers of people in prison can be justified by social benefits and has reached a level where these high rates of incarceration themselves constitute a source of injustice and social harm. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States examines policy changes that created an increasingly punitive political climate and offers specific policy advice in sentencing policy, prison policy, and social policy. The report also identifies important research questions that must be answered to provide a firmer basis for policy. This report is a call for change in the way society views criminals, punishment, and prison. This landmark study assesses the evidence and its implications for public policy to inform an extensive and thoughtful public debate about and reconsideration of policies.
Author : Alexandra Natapoff
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 0465093809
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)
Download or read book Punishment Without Crime written by Alexandra Natapoff and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2018-12-31 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revelatory account of the misdemeanor machine that unjustly brands millions of Americans as criminals. Punishment Without Crime offers an urgent new interpretation of inequality and injustice in America by examining the paradigmatic American offense: the lowly misdemeanor. Based on extensive original research, legal scholar Alexandra Natapoff reveals the inner workings of a massive petty offense system that produces over 13 million cases each year. People arrested for minor crimes are swept through courts where defendants often lack lawyers, judges process cases in mere minutes, and nearly everyone pleads guilty. This misdemeanor machine starts punishing people long before they are convicted; it punishes the innocent; and it punishes conduct that never should have been a crime. As a result, vast numbers of Americans -- most of them poor and people of color -- are stigmatized as criminals, impoverished through fines and fees, and stripped of drivers' licenses, jobs, and housing. For too long, misdemeanors have been ignored. But they are crucial to understanding our punitive criminal system and our widening economic and racial divides. A Publishers Weekly Best Book of 2018
Author : Barry Godfrey
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134009593
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Crime and Justice 1750-1950 written by Barry Godfrey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introductory text for students taking courses in recent criminal justice history. Chapters cover the key issues central to an understanding of the historical background to the current criminal justice system, covering the crime of murder, the emergence, establishment and development of the police, crime and criminals, criminals and victims, the courts and punishment, women and children, and surveillance and the workplace. In addressing each of these issues and developments the authors explore a range of historiographical and criminological debates that have arisen, looking at the ways in which the disciplines of criminology and history are converging, and offering new perspectives on both modern and historical.
Author : Andreas von Hirsch
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509902678
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)
Download or read book Deserved Criminal Sentences written by Andreas von Hirsch and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-02-09 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an accessible and systematic restatement of the desert model for criminal sentencing by one of its leading academic exponents. The desert model emphasises the degree of seriousness of the offender's crime in deciding the severity of his punishment, and has become increasingly influential in recent penal practice and scholarly debate. It explains why sentences should be based principally on crime-seriousness, and addresses, among other topics, how a desert-based penalty scheme can be constructed; how to gauge punishments' seriousness and penalties' severity; what weight should be given to an offender's previous convictions; how non-custodial sentences should be scaled; and what leeway there might be for taking other factors into account, such as an offender's need for treatment. The volume will be of interest to all those working in penal theory and practice, criminal sentencing and the criminal law more generally.
Author : Llad Phillips
Publisher : SAGE Publications, Incorporated
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Economics of Crime Control written by Llad Phillips and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1981-11 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about how public funds and human resources can be allocated to optimize the control of crime in a modern democratic society. The authors build a model of crime generation, and control - through the imposition of sanctions - that provides insight into alternatives for social policy-makers. Econometric techniques are used to analyze policy issues such as: establishing control policies; determining monetary measures of the seriousness of crime; discerning community priorities for fighting crime; choosing between alternative drug-control programs; and extracting useful information from crime data. These techniques are also used to determine: the effect of economic opportunities for youth on crime rates; the influence of rising crime rates on police effectiveness; the cost of police effectiveness; and the possibility for deterring violence. Additional issues examined are: the effect of handgun control on homicide rates; the relative merits of jail and probation; the rate of police manpower growth needed to keep pace with crime rates; and the necessary data needed for planning an optimum level of public safety. The analysis starts with single-equation estimations and builds to system and multi-equation models. The statistical results are based on several data sets with the earlier studies using time series from the 1950's and 1960's. The estimation of the more complex model is based on cross-sectional data from the 1960 and 1970 census for the counties of California.
Author : Gerben Bruinsma
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135998469
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (359 download)
Download or read book Punishment, Places and Perpetrators written by Gerben Bruinsma and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together an influential group of academics and researchers to review key areas of research, theory and methodology within criminology and criminal justice, and to identify the most important new challenges facing the discipline. The contributors focus on the three central themes of punishment and criminal justice, location and mobility, and perpetrators and criminal careers, on which much cutting edge research within criminology has been taking place. A particular strength of the book is its multidisciplinary and international approach, with contributors drawn from Europe, the UK and the United States.
Author : Michael Rocque
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137572345
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)
Download or read book Desistance from Crime written by Michael Rocque and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-25 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents a brief treatise on the theory and research behind the concept of desistance from crime. This ever-growing field has become increasingly relevant as questions of serious issues regarding sentencing, probation and the penal system continue to go unanswered. Rocque covers the history of research on desistance from crime and provides a discussion of research and theories on the topic before looking towards the future of the application of desistance to policy. The focus of the volume is to provide an overview of the practical and theoretical developments to better understand desistance. In addition, a multidisciplinary, integrative theoretical perspective is presented, ensuring that it will be of particular interest for students and scholars of criminology and the criminal justice system.
