Covid 19 Impact On Informal Trade Disruptions To Livelihoods And Food Security In Africa

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COVID-19 impact on informal trade: Disruptions to livelihoods and food security in Africa

Author : Bouët, Antoine
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis COVID-19 impact on informal trade: Disruptions to livelihoods and food security in Africa by : Bouët, Antoine

Download or read book COVID-19 impact on informal trade: Disruptions to livelihoods and food security in Africa written by Bouët, Antoine and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-01-23 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International trade of food and agricultural products plays a major role in ensuring food security and livelihoods across the African continent. Yet formal intracontinental trade data give only a glimpse of trade’s importance for African consumers and producers because—depending on the country and bor-der—up to 99 percent of agricultural trade crosses borders informally.1 In West Africa, for example, an estimated 30 percent of staple foods evade formal customs, and the proportion can be much greater for highly perishable fruits and vegetables. Consequently, formal trade data paint only a limited picture of COVID-19’s disruptive effect on trade within the African continent—and of related nutrition and liveli-hood consequences. To better understand the current and future impacts on African food producers and consumers, we must examine both the magnitude and unique mechanisms of informal cross-bor-der trade (ICBT).

COVID-19 Impact on Informal Trade: Disruptions to Livelihoods and Food Security in Africa

Author : Antoine Bouët
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis COVID-19 Impact on Informal Trade: Disruptions to Livelihoods and Food Security in Africa by : Antoine Bouët

Download or read book COVID-19 Impact on Informal Trade: Disruptions to Livelihoods and Food Security in Africa written by Antoine Bouët and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Impacts of COVID-19 on food security: Panel data evidence from Nigeria

Author : Amare, Mulubrhan
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Impacts of COVID-19 on food security: Panel data evidence from Nigeria by : Amare, Mulubrhan

Download or read book Impacts of COVID-19 on food security: Panel data evidence from Nigeria written by Amare, Mulubrhan and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper combines pre-pandemic face-to-face survey data with follow up phone surveys collected in April-May 2020 to quantify the overall and differential impacts of COVID-19 on household food security, labor market participation and local food prices in Nigeria. We exploit spatial variation in exposure to COVID-19 related infections and lockdown measures along with temporal differences in our outcomes of interest using a difference-in-difference approach. We find that those households exposed to higher COVID-19 cases or mobility lockdowns experience a significant increase in measures of food insecurity. Examining possible transmission channels for this effect, we find that COVID-19 significantly reduces labor market participation and increases food prices. We find that impacts differ by economic activities and households. For instance, lockdown measures increased households' experience of food insecurity by 12 percentage points and reduced the probability of participation in non-farm business activities by 13 percentage points. These lockdown measures have smaller impacts on wage-related activities and farming activities. In terms of food security, households relying on non-farm businesses, poorer households, those with school-aged children, and those living in remote and conflicted-affected zones have experienced relatively larger deteriorations in food insecurity. These findings can help inform immediate and medium-term policy responses, including social protection policies aiming at ameliorating the impacts of the pandemic, as well as guide targeting strategies of governments and international donor agencies by identifying the most impacted sub-populations.

The Future of Work in Africa

Author : Jieun Choi
Publisher : Africa Development Forum
ISBN 13 : 9781464814440
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis The Future of Work in Africa by : Jieun Choi

Download or read book The Future of Work in Africa written by Jieun Choi and published by Africa Development Forum. This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This companion report to the World Development Report (WDR) 2019: The Changing Nature of Work addresses the key themes of creating productive jobs and addressing the needs of those left behind. It builds on and contextualizes some of WDR 2019's main messages to key specificities of the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region. It focuses on how global trends especially the adoption of digital technologies (DTs) may change the nature of work in SSA by creating new opportunities and challenges. The report is structured around three main issues that will shape the future of work in Africa, namely the human capital needs of a young and rapidly growing largely low-skilled labor force, the prevalence of informal workers and enterprises and the social protection policies to mitigate risks resulting from disruptions to labor markets. The report highlights important unanswered policy questions where new research, supplemented by new data, could yield learnings with high policy payoffs in the SSA context.

Accelerating Poverty Reduction in Africa

Author : Kathleen Beegle
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464812330
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Accelerating Poverty Reduction in Africa by : Kathleen Beegle

Download or read book Accelerating Poverty Reduction in Africa written by Kathleen Beegle and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-10-09 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sub-Saharan Africa's turnaround over the past couple of decades has been dramatic. After many years in decline, the continent's economy picked up in the mid-1990s. Along with this macroeconomic growth, people became healthier, many more youngsters attended schools, and the rate of extreme poverty declined from 54 percent in 1990 to 41 percent in 2015. Political and social freedoms expanded, and gender equality advanced. Conflict in the region also subsided, although it still claims thousands of civilian lives in some countries and still drives pressing numbers of displaced persons. Despite Africa’s widespread economic and social welfare accomplishments, the region’s challenges remain daunting: Economic growth has slowed in recent years. Poverty rates in many countries are the highest in the world. And notably, the number of poor in Africa is rising because of population growth. From a global perspective, the biggest concentration of poverty has shifted from South Asia to Africa. Accelerating Poverty Reduction in Africa explores critical policy entry points to address the demographic, societal, and political drivers of poverty; improve income-earning opportunities both on and off the farm; and better mobilize resources for the poor. It looks beyond macroeconomic stability and growth—critical yet insufficient components of these objectives—to ask what more could be done and where policy makers should focus their attention to speed up poverty reduction. The pro-poor policy agenda advanced in this volume requires not only economic growth where the poor work and live, but also mitigation of the many risks to which African households are exposed. As such, this report takes a "jobs" lens to its task. It focuses squarely on the productivity and livelihoods of the poor and vulnerable—that is, what it will take to increase their earnings. Finally, it presents a road map for financing the poverty and development agenda.

COVID-19 and food (in)security in Africa: Review of the emerging empirical evidence

Author : Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul Jr.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis COVID-19 and food (in)security in Africa: Review of the emerging empirical evidence by : Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul Jr.

Download or read book COVID-19 and food (in)security in Africa: Review of the emerging empirical evidence written by Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul Jr. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2022-05-11 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COVID-19 risks rolling back many of the efforts and global successes recorded in reducing poverty and food insecurity. We undertake a systematic review of the growing microeconomic literature on the association between COVID-19 and food (in)security in Africa, discussing its implications for food policy and research. In doing so, we highlight some of the methodological weaknesses in answering policy-relevant questions on the causal link between COVID-19 and food insecurity. We also review the various coping strategies households are using to build resilience to COVID-19 and explore the role of social protection and other tools in mitigating some of the negative effects of COVID-19. This review provides evidence that COVID-19 is associated with food insecurity both ex-ante and ex-durante. There are many attempts to suggest this relationship may be causal with some robust methods in some contexts, but data limitations prevail which constrains causal learning. We also find evidence that income losses, loss of employment, and heightened food prices may be mediating the relationship between COVID-19 and food insecurity. Going further, we additionally review the mitigating role of social protection and remittances in reducing the negative effects of COVID-19 on food insecurity. Relatedly, we also show evidence that households are using various coping strategies such as food rationing and dietary change to cushion themselves against the COVID-19 shock but most of these measures remain adversely correlated with food insecurity. We end with a discussion on some potential interesting areas where future efforts can be geared to improve learning on the relationship between COVID-19, food insecurity, and building resilience to shocks.

COVID-19 and global food security: Two years later

Author : McDermott, John
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 : 0896294226
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (962 download)

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Book Synopsis COVID-19 and global food security: Two years later by : McDermott, John

Download or read book COVID-19 and global food security: Two years later written by McDermott, John and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the health, economic, and social disruptions caused by this global crisis continue to evolve. The impacts of the pandemic are likely to endure for years to come, with poor, marginalized, and vulnerable groups the most affected. In COVID-19 & Global Food Security: Two Years Later, the editors bring together contributions from new IFPRI research, blogs, and the CGIAR COVID-19 Hub to examine the pandemic’s effects on poverty, food security, nutrition, and health around the world. This volume presents key lessons learned on food security and food system resilience in 2020 and 2021 and assesses the effectiveness of policy responses to the crisis. Looking forward, the authors consider how the pandemic experience can inform both recovery and longer-term efforts to build more resilient food systems.

COVID-19 and global food security

Author : Swinnen, Johan, ed.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 : 0896293874
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (962 download)

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Book Synopsis COVID-19 and global food security by : Swinnen, Johan, ed.

Download or read book COVID-19 and global food security written by Swinnen, Johan, ed. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-07-27 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The coronavirus pandemic has sparked not only a health crisis but also an economic crisis, which together pose a serious threat to food security, particularly in poorer countries. COVID-19 & Global Food Security brings together a groundbreaking series of IFPRI blog posts looking at the impacts of COVID-19 and the policy responses. IFPRI researchers and guest bloggers provide key insights and analysis on how the global pandemic is affecting global poverty and food security and nutrition, food trade and supply chains, gender, employment, and a variety of policy interventions, as well as reflections on how we can use these lessons to better prepare for future pandemics. These pieces draw on a combination of conceptual arguments, global and country-level simulation models, in-country surveys, case studies, and expert opinions. Together, they present a comprehensive picture of the current and potential impact of COVID-19 and the world’s policy responses on global food and nutrition security.

2014 Global Hunger Index

Author : Saltzman, Amy
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 : 0896299589
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (962 download)

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Book Synopsis 2014 Global Hunger Index by : Saltzman, Amy

Download or read book 2014 Global Hunger Index written by Saltzman, Amy and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2014-10-13 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With one more year before the 2015 deadline for achieving the Millennium Development Goals, the 2014 Global Hunger Index report offers a multifaceted overview of global hunger that brings new insights to the global debate on where to focus efforts in the fight against hunger and malnutrition. The state of hunger in developing countries as a group has improved since 1990, falling by 39 percent, according to the 2014 GHI. Despite progress made, the level of hunger in the world is still serious, with 805 million people continuing to go hungry, according to estimates by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The global average obscures dramatic differences across regions and countries. Regionally, the highest GHI scoresand therefore the highest hunger levelsare in Africa south of the Sahara and South Asia, which have also experienced the greatest absolute improvements since 2005. South Asia saw the steepest absolute decline in GHI scores since 1990. Progress in addressing child underweight was the main factor behind the improved GHI score for the region since 1990.

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 925132901X
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020 by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updates for many countries have made it possible to estimate hunger in the world with greater accuracy this year. In particular, newly accessible data enabled the revision of the entire series of undernourishment estimates for China back to 2000, resulting in a substantial downward shift of the series of the number of undernourished in the world. Nevertheless, the revision confirms the trend reported in past editions: the number of people affected by hunger globally has been slowly on the rise since 2014. The report also shows that the burden of malnutrition in all its forms continues to be a challenge. There has been some progress for child stunting, low birthweight and exclusive breastfeeding, but at a pace that is still too slow. Childhood overweight is not improving and adult obesity is on the rise in all regions. The report complements the usual assessment of food security and nutrition with projections of what the world may look like in 2030, if trends of the last decade continue. Projections show that the world is not on track to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030 and, despite some progress, most indicators are also not on track to meet global nutrition targets. The food security and nutritional status of the most vulnerable population groups is likely to deteriorate further due to the health and socio economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report puts a spotlight on diet quality as a critical link between food security and nutrition. Meeting SDG 2 targets will only be possible if people have enough food to eat and if what they are eating is nutritious and affordable. The report also introduces new analysis of the cost and affordability of healthy diets around the world, by region and in different development contexts. It presents valuations of the health and climate-change costs associated with current food consumption patterns, as well as the potential cost savings if food consumption patterns were to shift towards healthy diets that include sustainability considerations. The report then concludes with a discussion of the policies and strategies to transform food systems to ensure affordable healthy diets, as part of the required efforts to end both hunger and all forms of malnutrition.

A Tale of Africa Today

Author : Pierre Nguimkeu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis A Tale of Africa Today by : Pierre Nguimkeu

Download or read book A Tale of Africa Today written by Pierre Nguimkeu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), more than 80 percent of workers find their livelihoods in the informal sector. They are artisans and shop owners, fishers and divers, tailors and weavers, truck drivers and market sellers, among many other informal jobs. In the era of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic, saving lives and protecting livelihoods are both deeply challenging in SSA countries with high informality and almost no social protection. Informal workers and their families are most vulnerable to the disease, as they toil in crowded bazaars and busy streets. Moreover, informal workers are typically poor and cannot stockpile food or cash for a long lockdown. Strict containment measures directly jeopardize their income, their livelihoods, and their lives. The analysis confirms that higher rates of informal employment (as a fraction of total employment) are associated with higher rates of COVID-19 infection or disease spread. Not surprisingly, countries with relatively larger populations are also more likely to experience higher rates of infection. Given the adverse socioeconomic effects of COVID-19 containment on informal businesses and workers lacking social protection, countries should take proactive steps to curb the spread of infections, treat affected people, and at the same time provide social safety nets and economic relief for informal workers and businesses.

COVID-19 and food security in Ethiopia: Do social protection programs protect?

Author : Abay, Kibrom A.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis COVID-19 and food security in Ethiopia: Do social protection programs protect? by : Abay, Kibrom A.

Download or read book COVID-19 and food security in Ethiopia: Do social protection programs protect? written by Abay, Kibrom A. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-11-11 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We assess the impact of Ethiopia’s flagship social protection program, the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) on the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food and nutrition security of households, mothers, and children. We use both pre-pandemic in-person household survey data and a post-pandemic phone survey. Two thirds of our respondents reported that their incomes had fallen after the pandemic began and almost half reported that their ability to satisfy their food needs had worsened. Employing a household fixed effects difference-in-difference approach, we find that the household food insecurity increased by 11.7 percentage points and the size of the food gap by 0.47 months in the aftermath of the onset of the pandemic. Participation in the PSNP offsets virtually all of this adverse change; the likelihood of becoming food insecure increased by only 2.4 percentage points for PSNP households and the duration of the food gap increased by only 0.13 months. The protective role of PSNP is greater for poorer households and those living in remote areas. Results are robust to definitions of PSNP participation, different estimators and how we account for the non-randomness of mobile phone ownership. PSNP households were less likely to reduce expenditures on health and education by 7.7 percentage points and were less likely to reduce expenditures on agricultural inputs by 13 percentage points. By contrast, mothers’ and children’s diets changed little, despite some changes in the composition of diets with consumption of animal source foods declining significantly.

Socio-economic and cultural impacts of COVID-19 on Africa

Author : UNESCO
Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9231003895
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Socio-economic and cultural impacts of COVID-19 on Africa by : UNESCO

Download or read book Socio-economic and cultural impacts of COVID-19 on Africa written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2020-07-21 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Man Out

Author : Andrew L. Yarrow
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815732759
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis Man Out by : Andrew L. Yarrow

Download or read book Man Out written by Andrew L. Yarrow and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2018-09-11 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of men who are hurting—and hurting America by their absence Man Out describes the millions of men on the sidelines of life in the United States. Many of them have been pushed out of the mainstream because of an economy and society where the odds are stacked against them; others have chosen to be on the outskirts of twenty-first-century America. These men are disconnected from work, personal relationships, family and children, and civic and community life. They may be angry at government, employers, women, and "the system" in general—and millions of them have done time in prison and have cast aside many social norms. Sadly, too many of these men are unsure what it means to be a man in contemporary society. Wives or partners reject them; children are estranged from them; and family, friends, and neighbors are embarrassed by them. Many have disappeared into a netherworld of drugs, alcohol, poor health, loneliness, misogyny, economic insecurity, online gaming, pornography, other off-the-grid corners of the internet, and a fantasy world of starting their own business or even writing the Great American novel. Most of the men described in this book are poorly educated, with low incomes and often with very few prospects for rewarding employment. They are also disproportionately found among millennials, those over 50, and African American men. Increasingly, however, these lost men are discovered even in tony suburbs and throughout the nation. It is a myth that men on the outer corners of society are only lower-middle-class white men dislocated by technology and globalization. Unlike those who primarily blame an unjust economy, government policies, or a culture sanctioning "laziness," Man Out explores the complex interplay between economics and culture. It rejects the politically charged dichotomy of seeing such men as either victims or culprits. These men are hurting, and in turn they are hurting families and hurting America. It is essential to address their problems. Man Out draws on a wide range of data and existing research as well as interviews with several hundred men, women, and a wide variety of economists and other social scientists, social service providers and physicians, and with employers, through a national online survey and in-depth fieldwork in several communities.

Global Trends 2040

Author : National Intelligence Council
Publisher : Cosimo Reports
ISBN 13 : 9781646794973
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (949 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Trends 2040 by : National Intelligence Council

Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

Atlas of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Production in Africa

Author : Charles S. Wortmann
Publisher : CIAT
ISBN 13 : 9589439942
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Atlas of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Production in Africa by : Charles S. Wortmann

Download or read book Atlas of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Production in Africa written by Charles S. Wortmann and published by CIAT. This book was released on 1998 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classifying environments of bean production areas in Africa; Socio-Economic aspects of bean production; Cropping systems; Distribution of bean seed types; Bean diseases; Bean insect pests; Abiotic constraints.

The economic costs of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from a simulation exercise for Ghana

Author : Amewu, Sena
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The economic costs of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from a simulation exercise for Ghana by : Amewu, Sena

Download or read book The economic costs of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from a simulation exercise for Ghana written by Amewu, Sena and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-06-12 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective in this paper is to estimate the economic costs of COVID-19 policies and external shocks in a developing country context, with a focus on agri-food system impacts. Ghana is selected as a case study. Ghana recorded its first two cases of COVID-19 infection on 12 March 2020. The government responded by gradually introducing social distancing measures, travel restrictions, border closures, and eventually a partial, two-week “partial” lockdown in the country’s largest metropolitan areas of Accra and Kumasi. Social distancing measures have been enforced nationwide and include bans on conferences, workshops, and sporting and religious events, as well as the closure of bars and nightclubs. All educational institutions are also closed. The partial lockdown measures in urban areas directed all residents to remain home except for essential business, prohibited non-essential inter-city travel and transport, and only essential manufacturing and services operations were permitted to continue (The Presidency 2020). At the time the lockdown was announced, Ghana’s Ministry of Finance revised its GDP growth estimate for 2020 downwards from 6.8 to 1.5 percent (MoF 2020), although the Minister warned that growth could fall further if lockdown measures were extended. The lockdown was initially extended for a third week but was officially lifted on 20 April. Social distancing measures remain in place nationwide, although a gradual easing of restrictions commenced in June. Ghana’s borders remain closed at the time of writing.