Coupling Between Flow And Precipitation In Heterogeneous Subsurface Environments And Effects On Contaminant Fate And Transport Project Numbers 99272

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Coupling Between Flow and Precipitation In Heterogeneous Subsurface Environments and Effects on Contaminant Fate and Transport (Project Numbers 99272).

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Coupling Between Flow and Precipitation In Heterogeneous Subsurface Environments and Effects on Contaminant Fate and Transport (Project Numbers 99272). by :

Download or read book Coupling Between Flow and Precipitation In Heterogeneous Subsurface Environments and Effects on Contaminant Fate and Transport (Project Numbers 99272). written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project is aimed at understanding how contaminant transport in heterogeneous porous media is impacted by precipitation and dissolution events through chemical interactions with precipitates and as a consequence of coupling between precipitation and flow. We hypothesize that precipitation/coprecipitation, encapsulation, isolation from flow and alteration of reactive surfaces will contribute to altering contaminant mobility during precipitation events, and that predicting the release of contaminants during precipitate dissolution requires an understanding of how precipitates are distributed and how contaminants are released from the different compartments over time. Using calcium carbonate as a model system, physical experiments and modeling at the pore-scale and continuum-scale will be used to improve the conceptual approach to predicting the impact of flow-precipitation coupling on solute migration. Column and 2-dimensional intermediate-scale experiments with constructed physical and chemical heterogeneities will be used to investigate the movement of fluids and reactive solutes during different types of mixing events that lead to calcium carbonate supersaturation and precipitation. Smoothed particle hydrodynamic modeling will be used to simulate pore-scale mixing and precipitation in heterogeneous porous media and estimate continuum-scale parameters. Continuum-scale modeling will be used to test conceptual models and associated effective parameters that simulate the macroscopic behavior of the experimental domains.

Fate and Transport of Subsurface Pollutants

Author : Pankaj Kumar Gupta
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811565643
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Fate and Transport of Subsurface Pollutants by : Pankaj Kumar Gupta

Download or read book Fate and Transport of Subsurface Pollutants written by Pankaj Kumar Gupta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-20 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers detailed information on the behaviour of various water pollutants, and on the principles and concepts of groundwater flow and transport. It will help readers to understand and execute the planning, supervision, and review of solute transport and groundwater modeling projects. The book also discusses the role and fate of elements that have been identified as major contaminants in surface and subsurface waters, and their adverse effects on ecology and human health. The book explores this theme throughout four sections – a. Understanding Soil-Water Systems, b. Fate and Transport of Pollutants, c. Physico-Chemical Treatment of Wastewater and d. Microbial Techniques Used to Decontaminate Soil-Water Systems. Introducing readers to a range of recent advances concerning the fundamentals of subsurface water treatment, it offers a valuable guide for teachers, researchers, policymakers, and undergraduate and graduate students of hydrology, environmental microbiology, biotechnology and the environmental sciences. It also provides field engineers and industrial practitioners with essential support in the effective remediation and management of polluted sites.

Subsurface Transport and Fate Processes

Author : Robert C. Knox
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781351102346
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Subsurface Transport and Fate Processes by : Robert C. Knox

Download or read book Subsurface Transport and Fate Processes written by Robert C. Knox and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book represents the first comprehensive reference volume available on subsurface transport and fate processes. The volume is organized into four sections covering the basics of contaminant properties and how they affect transport and fate, the fundamental processes affecting subsurface transport and fate of contaminants, applications of transport and fate information to various contaminant types, and utilization of transport and fate information for predicting contaminant behavior. Specific topics such as traditional hydrodynamic processes of advection and dispersion, facilitated transport and contaminant flushing, and individual ground water contaminants are also explored in detail. Subsurface Transport and Fate Processes is ideal for environmental and ground water consultants, regulatory agency personnel, and educators in geology, hydrogeology, civil engineering, and environmental engineering."--Provided by publisher.

Hydrologic Effects on Subsurface Fates and Transport of Contaminants

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (656 download)

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Book Synopsis Hydrologic Effects on Subsurface Fates and Transport of Contaminants by :

Download or read book Hydrologic Effects on Subsurface Fates and Transport of Contaminants written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerns over contamination of ground water (GW) and its subsequent effect on surface water quality underscore the need for an improved understanding of the fate and transport of the contaminants in the subsurface. Among the contaminants that are harmful to humans and the environment are nutrient pollutants [e.g., nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)] and microbes. The general goal of this research was to evaluate the subsurface fates and transport of contaminants in a vadose zone-GW continuum under various simulated hydrologic conditions through a series of laboratory-scale studies. The first study, which aimed to visually evaluate the effects of GW velocity and water table (WT) fluctuation on the fate and extent of horizontal transport of solutes and microbes in the capillary fringe (CF) and GW, was conducted in a sand-packed flow cell. Subsurface transport of surface-applied solutes and microbes tended to be isolated in the CF at a higher pore-water velocity. A rise in WT resulting from surface recharge of contaminated water occurred without the contaminants reaching the GW. Subsequent drainage did not effectively leach contaminants that were initially in the CF into the GW. The second study assessed the effect of pore-water velocity on the development of reduced conditions in a vadose zone-GW continuum. Reduction potential (Eh) was monitored at various locations in flow cells packed with Ponzer (Terric Haplosaprists), Lynchburg (Aeric Paleaquult), and Leon (Aeric Alaquod) soil materials that were subjected to different lateral pore-water velocities. Regardless of organic carbon (OC) content of the soil materials (12.4 to 195 g kg-1), locations close to the WT became reduced within 14 days. In contrast, the upper portions of the CF remained oxic. Increasing the pore-water velocity also slowed the development of reducing conditions especially in soils with low OC content. The third study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pore-water velocity on the fate and transp.

Flow and Transport in Porous Formations

Author : Gedeon Dagan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364275015X
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Flow and Transport in Porous Formations by : Gedeon Dagan

Download or read book Flow and Transport in Porous Formations written by Gedeon Dagan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the mid-seventies, a new area of research has emerged in subsurface hydrology, namely sto chastic modeling of flow and transport. This development has been motivated by the recognition of the ubiquitous presence of heterogeneities in natural formations and of their effect upon transport and flow, on the one hand, and by the vast expansion of computational capability provided by elec tronic machines, on the other. Apart from this, one of the areas in which spatial variability of for mation properties plays a cardinal role is of contaminant transport, a subject of growing interest and concern. I have been quite fortunate to be engaged in research in this area from its inception and to wit ness the rapid growth of the community and of the literature on spatial variability and its impact upon subsurface hydrology. In view of this increasing interest, I decided a few years ago that it would be useful to present the subject in a systematic and comprehensive manner in order to help those who wish to engage themselves in research or application of this new field. I viewed as my primary task to analyze the large scale heterogeneity of aquifers and its effect, presuming that the reader already possesses a background in traditional hydrology. This is achieved in Parts 3, 4 and 5 of the text which incorporate the pertinent material.

Flow and Transport in Subsurface Environment

Author : Natarajan Narayanan
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789811342363
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Flow and Transport in Subsurface Environment by : Natarajan Narayanan

Download or read book Flow and Transport in Subsurface Environment written by Natarajan Narayanan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a collection of contributions from experts working on flow and transport in porous media around the globe. The book includes chapters authored by engineers, scientists, and mathematicians on single and multiphase flow and transport in homogeneous as well as heterogeneous porous media. Addressing various experimental, analytical, and modeling aspects of transport in sub-surface domains, the book offers a valuable resource for graduate students, researchers, and professionals alike.

Frelsens Hærs Forsagelses-Sange i Ugen fra 1.-7. November 1896

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (466 download)

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Book Synopsis Frelsens Hærs Forsagelses-Sange i Ugen fra 1.-7. November 1896 by :

Download or read book Frelsens Hærs Forsagelses-Sange i Ugen fra 1.-7. November 1896 written by and published by . This book was released on 1896 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Groundwater Contaminant Transport

Author : F.B.J. Barends
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780203719763
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Groundwater Contaminant Transport by : F.B.J. Barends

Download or read book Groundwater Contaminant Transport written by F.B.J. Barends and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Impacts of developed tools of heterogenous characterization on the hydrodynamics of flow and the transport mechanisms are illustrated in this text through a series of extensive numerical simulations consisting of single and multiple-realizations (Monte Carlo method)."--Provided by publisher.

Coupled Processes of Fluid Flow, Solute Transport, and Geochemical Reactions in Reactive Barriers

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Coupled Processes of Fluid Flow, Solute Transport, and Geochemical Reactions in Reactive Barriers by :

Download or read book Coupled Processes of Fluid Flow, Solute Transport, and Geochemical Reactions in Reactive Barriers written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complex pattern of coupling between fluid flow and mass transport develops when heterogeneous reactions occur. For instance, dissolution and precipitation reactions can change a porous medium's physical properties, such as pore geometry and thus permeability. These changes influence fluid flow, which in turn impacts the composition of dissolved constituents and the solid phases, and the rate and direction of advective transport. Two-dimensional modeling studies using TOUGHREACT were conducted to investigate the coupling between flow and transport developed as a consequence of differences in density, dissolution precipitation, and medium heterogeneity. The model includes equilibrium reactions for aqueous species, kinetic reactions between the solid phases and aqueous constituents, and full coupling of porosity and permeability changes resulting from precipitation and dissolution reactions in porous media. In addition, a new permeability relationship is implemented in TOUGHREACT to examine the effects of geochemical reactions and density difference on plume migration in porous media. Generally, the evolutions in the concentrations of the aqueous phase are intimately related to the reaction-front dynamics. Plugging of the medium contributed to significant transients in patterns of flow and mass transport.

Overview of Research and Development in Subsurface Fate and Transport Modeling

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)

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Download or read book Overview of Research and Development in Subsurface Fate and Transport Modeling written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US Department of Energy is responsible for the remediation of over 450 different subsurface-contaminated sites. Contaminant plumes at these sites range in volume from several to millions of cubic yards. The concentration of contaminants also ranges over several orders of magnitude. Contaminants include hazardous wastes such as heavy metals and organic chemicals, radioactive waste including tritium, uranium, and thorium, and mixed waste, which is a combination of hazardous and radioactive wastes. The physical form of the contaminants includes solutes, nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), and vapor phase contaminants such as volatilized organic chemicals and radon. The subject of contaminant fate and transport modeling is multi-disciplinary, involving hydrology, geology, microbiology, chemistry, applied mathematics, computer science, and other areas of expertise. It is an issue of great significance in the United States and around the world. As such, many organizations have substantial programs in this area. In gathering data to prepare this report, a survey was performed of research and development work that is funded by US government agencies to improve the understanding and mechanistic modeling of processes that control contaminant movement through subsurface systems. Government agencies which fund programs that contain fate and transport modeling components include the Environmental Protection Agency, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Department of Agriculture, Department of Energy, National Science Foundation, Department of Defense, United States Geological Survey, and National Institutes of Health.

Subsurface Flow and Contaminant Transport Documentation and User's Guide

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)

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Download or read book Subsurface Flow and Contaminant Transport Documentation and User's Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents a finite element code designed to model subsurface flow and contaminant transport, named FACT. FACT is a transient three-dimensional, finite element code designed to simulate isothermal groundwater flow, moisture movement, and solute transport in variably saturated and fully saturated subsurface porous media. The code is designed specifically to handle complex multi-layer and/or heterogeneous aquifer systems in an efficient manner and accommodates a wide range of boundary conditions. Additionally, 1-D and 2-D (in Cartesian coordinates) problems are handled in FACT by simply limiting the number of elements in a particular direction(s) to one. The governing equations in FACT are formulated only in Cartesian coordinates.

Physical and Chemical Controls on Subsurface Contaminant Fate and Transport

Author : Kalle He Jahn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (127 download)

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Book Synopsis Physical and Chemical Controls on Subsurface Contaminant Fate and Transport by : Kalle He Jahn

Download or read book Physical and Chemical Controls on Subsurface Contaminant Fate and Transport written by Kalle He Jahn and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When anthropogenic contaminants are released as solids and liquids into the natural environment, subsurface soils and bedrock are the primary control on their long-term fate. Accounting for complexity in the subsurface is the central challenge in solving field-scale contaminant transport problems. Yet, the subsurface is difficult to observe at the field scale. Even though field data offer an incomplete glimpse into the complexity of natural systems, they can significantly benefit subsurface contaminant research. This dissertation investigates subsurface contaminant transport behavior by making quantitative observations of soil and bedrock properties and subsurface water and contaminant distributions, developing conceptual models of subsurface processes based on those field data, and subsequently testing those conceptual models using analytical and numerical modeling. The subsurface fate and transport behavior of two sets of contaminants are investigated: nitrate and poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances, both of which have significant ecological and societal consequences. A wide range of field methods are used to measure subsurface properties and processes, including soil and bedrock hydraulic properties, water table elevations, water contents, soil infiltration rates, water chemistry. These quantitative data are interpreted alongside analytical and numerical models of water flow and solute transport to investigate the processes behind observed contaminant distributions. This dissertation highlights the importance of direct measurements of subsurface properties for accurately assessing contamination of water resources, yielding new insights into the fundamental processes governing the subsurface transport of water and solutes, and generating the quantitative data needed to address the ever-evolving threats to human water security.

Impacts of Spatio-Variability of Source Morphology on Field-Scale Predictions of Subsurface Contaminant Transport

Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)

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Book Synopsis Impacts of Spatio-Variability of Source Morphology on Field-Scale Predictions of Subsurface Contaminant Transport by :

Download or read book Impacts of Spatio-Variability of Source Morphology on Field-Scale Predictions of Subsurface Contaminant Transport written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research project investigated the coupled effects of uncertain contaminant source morphology (organic immiscible liquids distribution and composition) and aquifer properties on predicting solute transport in saturated groundwater systems contaminated with residual Organic Immiscible Liquids (OIL's). Research efforts focused on the development of multiple stochastic inverse models for characterizing contaminant fluxes in the near field and for characterizing NAPL distributions within source. In addition, work was conducted on the forward stochastic modeling, that is, to evaluate individual and collective impacts of uncertain spatially and temporally variable source morphological characteristics on subsurface solute transport predictions. The study also involved 1-, 2-, and 3-dimensional experimental efforts to study bench-scale and intermediate-scale uncertainties associate with OIL sources. These studies focused on describing dissolution from multi-component OIL's at varying residual fluid saturations and distributions, and the characterization of OIL sources using partitioning and interfacial tracers. As a final component of the project, the various stochastic models developed were evaluated using data from the pilot-scale field experiments conducted at Hill AFB, Columbus AFB, and Base Borden, Ontario, Canada. Data derived from partitioning/interfacial tracers and far-field dissolved OIL component distributions were used with the stochastic models to characterize OIL sources at each site.

Transgenic Fish

Author : Choy Leong Hew
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814602264
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (146 download)

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Book Synopsis Transgenic Fish by : Choy Leong Hew

Download or read book Transgenic Fish written by Choy Leong Hew and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1992-06-16 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies on transgenic fish, in contrast to mammals, are still in their infancy. However, it is evident that such fish will not only be of considerable economic benefit to aquaculture but will enable scientists to make quantum leaps in their understanding of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms unique to fish, and of the developmental biology of vertebrates in general.The potential of transgenic fish for research and industrial development is beginning to be widely recognized. This timely volume encompasses the full spectrum of current research on transgenic fish. It will be valuable to many scientists who intend to explore the merits of the technology for the first time.

Virus-Induced Immunosuppression

Author : Steven Specter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468455834
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Virus-Induced Immunosuppression by : Steven Specter

Download or read book Virus-Induced Immunosuppression written by Steven Specter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now widely acknowledged that at the beginning of this century Claude von Pirquet first pointed out that a viral disease, i. e. , measles, resulted in an anergy or depression of preexisting immune response, namely, delayed continuous hypersensitivity to PPD derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thereafter ob servations that viral infections may result in immunosuppression have been recorded by many clinicians and infectious disease investigators for six or seven decades. Nevertheless, despite sporadic reports that infectious diseases caused by viruses may result in either transient or prolonged immunodepression, investigation of this phenomenon languished until the mid-1960s, when it was pointed out that a number of experimental retroviral infections of mice with tumor viruses may result in marked immunosuppression. However, it was not until the recognition of the new epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syn drome (AIDS) caused by the human immunodeficiency virus and related vi ruses that acquired immunodeficiencies associated with virus infection became general knowledge among biomedical investigators as well as the lay public. A number of reviews published during the past decade or so pointed out that numerous viruses may affect humoral and cellular immune responses. Furthermore, expanding knowledge about the nature and mechanisms of both humoral and cellular immunity and pathogenesis of viral infections has pro vided clinical and experimental models for investigating in depth how and why viruses of man and animals profoundly affect immune responses.

Trace Element Deficiency

Author : Leslie Fowden
Publisher : Royal Society (GB)
ISBN 13 : 9780854031719
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (317 download)

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Book Synopsis Trace Element Deficiency by : Leslie Fowden

Download or read book Trace Element Deficiency written by Leslie Fowden and published by Royal Society (GB). This book was released on 1981 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The incidence of trace element deficiency diseases. The scientific and practical importance of trace elements. Soil as the source of trace elements. Levels, distribution and chemical forms os trace elements in food plants. Physico-chemical aspects of inorganic element transfer through membranes. Absorption, transport and tissue storage of essential trace elements. Roles for iron and cooper in connective tissue biosynthesis. Metabolic and function defects in selenium deficiency. Oxygen, oxidases, and the essential trace metals. Zinc deficiency in man: its origins and effects. The roles of trace elements in foetal and neonatal development. Pathological consequences of cooper deficiency and cobalt deficiency.

Tributyltin Oxide

Author : Robert Benson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Tributyltin Oxide by : Robert Benson

Download or read book Tributyltin Oxide written by Robert Benson and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise assessment of the risks to human health and the environment posed by exposure to tributyltin oxide. This compound is an effective biocidal preservative for wood, cotton textiles, paper, and paints and stains for residential homes. Tributyltin oxide has also been added as an antifouling agent in numerous formulations of marine paints, from which it is slowly released to seawater. Tributyltin oxide is extremely hazardous to some aquatic organisms at very low concentrations. As a result, government restrictions have decreased the global use of tributyltin compounds in antifouling paints on small boats. The compound has been detected in water, sediment, and biota in areas close to pleasure boating activity, in treated fishnets, and in areas near cooling systems. Studies have reported bioconcentration in mollusks, fish, and in the liver and kidney of seabirds.