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Costs And Returns
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Book Synopsis Productivity in Higher Education by : Caroline M. Hoxby
Download or read book Productivity in Higher Education written by Caroline M. Hoxby and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do the benefits of higher education compare with its costs, and how does this comparison vary across individuals and institutions? These questions are fundamental to quantifying the productivity of the education sector. The studies in Productivity in Higher Education use rich and novel administrative data, modern econometric methods, and careful institutional analysis to explore productivity issues. The authors examine the returns to undergraduate education, differences in costs by major, the productivity of for-profit schools, the productivity of various types of faculty and of outcomes, the effects of online education on the higher education market, and the ways in which the productivity of different institutions responds to market forces. The analyses recognize five key challenges to assessing productivity in higher education: the potential for multiple student outcomes in terms of skills, earnings, invention, and employment; the fact that colleges and universities are “multiproduct” firms that conduct varied activities across many domains; the fact that students select which school to attend based in part on their aptitude; the difficulty of attributing outcomes to individual institutions when students attend more than one; and the possibility that some of the benefits of higher education may arise from the system as a whole rather than from a single institution. The findings and the approaches illustrated can facilitate decision-making processes in higher education.
Book Synopsis Costs And Returns For Agricultural Commodities by : Mary Ahearn
Download or read book Costs And Returns For Agricultural Commodities written by Mary Ahearn and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-28 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policymakers, farmers, managers of agriculture and others look to agricultural economists for accurate estimates of the costs and returns of individual agricultural commodities. But there is great diversity and disagreement among practitioners about the best method for such analysis. The contributors to this volume explore how different uses of estimates determine different methods of estimation, as well as evaluating what the preferred methods are for similar uses.
Book Synopsis Costs and Returns of Producing Milk in the United States--1979, 1980, and Preliminary 1981 by :
Download or read book Costs and Returns of Producing Milk in the United States--1979, 1980, and Preliminary 1981 written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Costs and Returns of Producing Milk in the United States by :
Download or read book Costs and Returns of Producing Milk in the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Government Programs on Sorghum Production Costs and Returns, 1990 by : Nora L. Brooks
Download or read book Effects of Government Programs on Sorghum Production Costs and Returns, 1990 written by Nora L. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Production Costs and Returns by M.R. Cooper...June, 1930 by : United States. Bureau of Agricultural Economics
Download or read book Production Costs and Returns by M.R. Cooper...June, 1930 written by United States. Bureau of Agricultural Economics and published by . This book was released on 1939 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Costs and Returns for Rice, 1975, 1978, and 1977, with 1978 Projections by : Troy Mullins
Download or read book Costs and Returns for Rice, 1975, 1978, and 1977, with 1978 Projections written by Troy Mullins and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Costs and returns in Rwandan smallholder agricultural production: Gross margins and profitability analyses by : Mugabo, Serge
Download or read book Costs and returns in Rwandan smallholder agricultural production: Gross margins and profitability analyses written by Mugabo, Serge and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2024-07-01 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores crop commercialization among smallholder agricultural households in Rwanda from a cost and revenue perspective to determine profitability at the farm level. We use standard revenue and cost equations to assess the commercial viability of the smallholders. In general, we find that a household’s total crop production creates positive returns even if implicit costs, such as own family labor and fertilizer subsidies, are included. Specifically, over 80 percent of our sample households generated positive economic returns from farming— referred to as demonstrating a positive gross economic margin (GEM). However, if only crop market sales and market input costs are used in the calculations, only 40 percent of agricultural households generated positive returns—referred to as demonstrating a positive gross marketing margin (GMM). Most of the explanation for this difference is that the typical farm household sells only about one-third of its crop production by value. This outcome suggests that many agricultural households continue to focus on cultivating food crops for their own consumption and do not specialize in commercial production. This is to be expected in an economic context where input, credit, and commodity markets are still developing, production decisions are still shaped by high levels of weather and market risk, and production risk management options are limited, among many other factors. The results of this research provide a better understanding of how Rwandan smallholders might move towards higher value production, with the ultimate goal being to increase household revenues and welfare and accelerate the country’s economic transformation.
Book Synopsis Costs & Returns for Hardwood Lumber Production in the Appalachian Region of Kentucky and Ohio by : James Curtiss Whittaker
Download or read book Costs & Returns for Hardwood Lumber Production in the Appalachian Region of Kentucky and Ohio written by James Curtiss Whittaker and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: S2Studies made at seven circular sawmills in the Appalachian region of Kentucky and Ohio (fig. 1) show that costs and returns differ among mills because of three major factors: (1) the types of markets for which lumber is produced. (2) the volume sawed annually, and (3) the amount of processing and seasoning done to lumber produced. Classifying sawmills according to these three factors, and examining their annual costs and returns, revealed needed areas of cost control. In addition, comparison of similar costs and returns between mill types indicates what might happen if a small mill owner gradually increased production and diversified his operation. Because knowledge of costs is necessary for controlling them, annual costs and returns were studied at the seven mills, each of which produced million board feet or more annually. Mills of this size class make up 36 percent of the 360 commercial sawmills and account for about three-fourths of all lumber produced in the region. Mills selected for study were those that (1) use a circular headsaw for primary log breakdown: (2) have good records of costs, returns, and production; and (3) typify the types of larger scale operations in the study area. The report summarizes 1 years costs and returns at each study mill. Operating costs are first consideredwhat these costs are, and where within the firm they occur. Second, costs are analyzed by volume of lumber and manufactured products containing lumber sold. Finally returns, also analyzed by volume sold, are related to costs to determine net income available for profit and risk.S3.
Book Synopsis U.S. Barley Production Costs and Returns, 1992 by : Mir B. Ali
Download or read book U.S. Barley Production Costs and Returns, 1992 written by Mir B. Ali and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis U.S. Hog Production Costs and Returns, 1992 by : William D. McBride
Download or read book U.S. Hog Production Costs and Returns, 1992 written by William D. McBride and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Estimating Costs and Returns for Poultry and Eggs by : Edward H. Easterling
Download or read book Estimating Costs and Returns for Poultry and Eggs written by Edward H. Easterling and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Broiler Costs and Returns in Lower Delaware, 1952-55 by : Frank Detleff Hansing
Download or read book Broiler Costs and Returns in Lower Delaware, 1952-55 written by Frank Detleff Hansing and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Farm Business Economics Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis U.S. Milk Production Costs and Returns, 1993 by : Sara D. Short
Download or read book U.S. Milk Production Costs and Returns, 1993 written by Sara D. Short and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Costs and Returns for Producing Selected Irrigated Crops on Farms with Above-average Management and Part-time Farms, Middle Rio Grande Basin--Bernalillo, Cibola, Sandoval, Socorro and Valencia Counties, 1980 by : E. J. Gregory
Download or read book Costs and Returns for Producing Selected Irrigated Crops on Farms with Above-average Management and Part-time Farms, Middle Rio Grande Basin--Bernalillo, Cibola, Sandoval, Socorro and Valencia Counties, 1980 written by E. J. Gregory and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Egyptian Feedlot Practices, Costs, and Returns by : Shahla Shapouri
Download or read book Egyptian Feedlot Practices, Costs, and Returns written by Shahla Shapouri and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extract: A survey of feedlot farms in Egypt shows important variations in operational characteristics, costs, and returns among regions, different sizes of operation, and management systems. Overall, the degree of feedlot utilization was low, less than 70 percent of capacity. Weight gain per day for local breed was lower than for foreign and crossbreeds (1 to 15 percent). Budget analysis showed that the return to average producers covers variable costs and leaves a margin to fixed factors and management, especially for private feedlots. Differences in farm management decisions, on types and weights of animals entering and leaving feedlots, and types of feed ration had a significant effect on costs and returns to farmers.
