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Download or read book Costa Rica, Staff Report for the ... Article IV Consultation written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Monetary
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 69 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Paraguay: 2022 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; and Staff Report written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-06-21 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After two consecutive years of GDP decline driven by external shocks, Paraguay’s economy rebounded in 2021. In 2019, drought and flooding reduced economic growth to -0.4 percent. In 2020, the impact of the pandemic on the secondary and tertiary sectors was partly compensated by a rebound of agriculture and an extensive emergency package, and GDP fell by only 0.8 percent. Growth rebounded to 4.2 percent in 2021, but heatwaves and a severe drought decelerated the recovery and have limited 2022 growth prospects, though a recovery is projected for 2023 and the medium-term. While the loss of agricultural export revenue is affecting Paraguay’s balance of payments in 2022, the external position in 2021 was stronger than the level implied by fundamentals and desirable policies.
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484324072
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Chad written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-09-09 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the effect of an IMF Staff-Monitored Program for Chad to enhance economic development. Weak institutional capacity and governance concerns have limited economic development and donor support in Chad. It is highlighted that the reduction in the nonoil primary deficit envisaged in the 2013 budget appears appropriate, but expenditures linked to the regional security situation and lower than anticipated oil revenues imply large financing needs. There are significant economic and political risks to program implementation,; the regional security situation remains volatile, and the economy is highly dependent on volatile oil revenue.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451809700
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)
Download or read book Costa Rica written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-10-16 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Costa Rica’s economy has been hit hard by the global crisis, but active policies have helped preserve stability and mitigate the negative impact on growth. This 2009 Article IV Consultation highlights that despite the worsening of economic activity, the banking sector has remained sound. Although the nonperforming loan ratio of banks has risen moderately and profitability declined in the first half of 2009, liquidity and solvency indicators remained adequate. Fiscal policy has provided significant support to domestic demand.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475519222
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)
Download or read book Costa Rica written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses key issues related to the economy of Costa Rica. It bounced back quickly from the global financial crisis; growth has moderated below trend and macro vulnerabilities, mainly from the weak fiscal position, are rising. Policy actions have been broadly consistent with past IMF advice. A third year of growth below potential has resulted in a moderate output gap. The central bank took advantage of the favorable shock from lower oil prices to reduce its inflation target range. The exchange rate has been stable despite abandonment of band regime, and reserve accumulation has resumed strongly. The external position is close to equilibrium, with competitiveness largely unchanged in 2014–15.
Author : International Monetary
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513588141
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Panama: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Panama written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-07-30 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After over two decades of unprecedented economic expansion, Panama’s economy contracted sharply in 2020 amidst challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic. As conditions rapidly deteriorated, Panama requested financial support under the Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) for 100 percent of quota equivalent to US$0.5 billion (SDR 0.4 billion) to address immediate balance of payments needs, which the IMF Executive Board approved on April 15, 2020. Subsequently, uncertainties magnified, and Panama requested a two-year arrangement under the Precautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL) for 500 percent of quota, equivalent to US$2.7 billion (SDR 1.9 billion), as insurance against extreme external shocks, which was approved by the IMF Executive Board on January 19, 2021.
Author : International Monetary
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book New Zealand: 2022 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; and Staff Report written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-05-13 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Zealand’s management of the pandemic, including health policy and macroeconomic policy support, has been effective in ensuring economic recovery. Output has already recovered to above potential, the labor market is tight, and inflation has risen to above the Reserve Bank of New Zealand’s (RBNZ) target range.
Download or read book Trinidad and Tobago, Staff Report for the ... Article IV Consultation written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Monetary
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Argentina: Staff Report for 2022 Article IV Consultation and Request for an Extended Arrangement Under the Extended Fund-Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; and Staff Supplements written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-03-25 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against the background of a decade of declining per-capita income and high inflation, the Article IV consultation focused on policies to begin to tackle Argentina’s underlying impediments to sustained growth and low and stable inflation. Avoiding boom-bust dynamics suggests the need for greater emphasis on policies to promote net exports and mobilize domestic saving to finance much-needed investment. Reversing the high degree of financial dollarization, however, will take time and will require a durable commitment to tackle fiscal dominance and strengthen debt sustainability. Meanwhile, addressing budget rigidities is essential to improve Argentina’s resilience to shocks, while reorienting public spending towards investment and innovation is critical to support productivity and reduce intergenerational inequities. Sustained political and social consensus is necessary for policy predictability and to balance demands from financing Argentina’s large social welfare system while also encouraging private investment and formal employment.
Author : M. Ayhan Kose
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464815453
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Global Waves of Debt written by M. Ayhan Kose and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-03-03 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global economy has experienced four waves of rapid debt accumulation over the past 50 years. The first three debt waves ended with financial crises in many emerging market and developing economies. During the current wave, which started in 2010, the increase in debt in these economies has already been larger, faster, and broader-based than in the previous three waves. Current low interest rates mitigate some of the risks associated with high debt. However, emerging market and developing economies are also confronted by weak growth prospects, mounting vulnerabilities, and elevated global risks. A menu of policy options is available to reduce the likelihood that the current debt wave will end in crisis and, if crises do take place, will alleviate their impact.
Author : Klaus Schwab
Publisher : World Economic Forum
ISBN 13 : 9295044118
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (95 download)
Download or read book The Global Competitiveness Report 2008–2009 written by Klaus Schwab and published by World Economic Forum. This book was released on 2008 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eduardo Wiesner
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 184844026X
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (484 download)
Download or read book The Political Economy of Macroeconomic Policy Reform in Latin America written by Eduardo Wiesner and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a must read for anyone interested in policy reforms in Latin America. The author combines tremendous experience in the field and deep knowledge of economic theory: a rare combination. Alberto Alesina, Harvard University, US One of the key contributions of this book is its insistence on the importance of policy, institutional and political accountability for evaluating and enhancing macroeconomic performance and for reducing inequality. John B. Taylor, Stanford University and Hoover Institution, US Dr Wiesner combines a command of modern political and economic theories and detailed knowledge of Latin America to clarify why reform of policies and institutions has proved so difficult in that region. His general conclusion is that initial conditions of inequality and poverty reduce the demand for reform, but he finds that the process manifests itself differently in different countries. He identifies several necessary conditions for breaking out of these vicious circles. Scholars and practitioners alike can learn from his impressively thorough and detailed analysis. Avinash K. Dixit, Princeton University, US This book argues insightfully that underdevelopment is the result of the political economy difficulties some countries have in the effectiveness of public expenditures in general and of social pro-poor expenditures in particular. The policy implication is that reform strategies should focus on identifying the wrong political incentives in public expenditures. Ricardo Hausmann, Harvard University, US Eduardo Wiesner s book makes an important contribution to the understanding of development by blending together the interdependent issues of (i) macroeconomic performance and volatility, (ii) equity and distributive justice, (iii) fiscal deficits and the redistributive effectiveness of social public expenditures, and (iv) the demand for the right institutions and for policy reform in Latin America. It does this by examining recent macroeconomic crises from a political economy perspective, and finds that information is the critical algorithm that links together the demand for macroeconomic stability, macroeconomic performance and, ultimately, distributive justice. This volume is geared toward those interested in the political economy of development and policy reform in general and in Latin America, including academics, policy makers, and the general reader.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1589064488
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (89 download)
Download or read book IMF Staff Papers, Volume 52, No. 2 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2005-08-29 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines contractionary currency crashes in developing countries. It explores the causes of India’s productivity surge around 1980, more than a decade before serious economic reforms were initiated. The paper finds evidence that the trigger may have been an attitudinal shift by the government in the early 1980s that, unlike the reforms of the 1990s, was pro-business rather than pro-market in character, favoring the interests of existing businesses rather than new entrants or consumers. A relatively small shift elicited a large productivity response, because India was far away from its income possibility frontier.
Author : International Monetary
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 93 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Peru: 2022 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Peru written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-05-11 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After being hit very hard by the pandemic in 2020, both in terms of health and economic outcomes, Peru experienced an equally strong economic rebound in 2021. A new administration was inaugurated in July 2021 with a program focused on reducing inequality and improving social conditions, but limited support from Congress and lack of cohesion heightened political uncertainty. While real GDP surpassed its pre-pandemic level by 2021, labor force participation and total employment have not fully recovered yet. Poverty increased significantly in 2020 and, despite some improvement in 2021, remains higher than in 2019. On May 27, 2021, the IMF Executive Board completed the mid-term review of Peru’s continued qualification under the Flexible Credit Line (FCL) arrangement.
Author : International Monetary
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book El Salvador: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for El Salvador written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-01-28 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pandemic interrupted ten years of growth, but El Salvador is rebounding quickly. Robust external demand, resilient remittances, and a sound management of the pandemic—with the help of a disbursement under the Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) (SDR287.2 million or US$389 million) approved in April 2020—are supporting a strong recovery. Persistent fiscal deficits and high debt service are leading to large and increasing gross fiscal financing needs.
Author : International Monetary
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513573020
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Thailand: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Thailand written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-06-03 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A nascent recovery is underway in Thailand following the COVID-19 downturn. Ample policy buffers, underpinned by judicious management of public finances, allowed the authorities to implement a multipronged package of fiscal, monetary, and financial policies to mitigate the COVID-19 impact on households, businesses, and the financial system. This, together with rigorous containment measures, led to a successful flattening of the infection curve during most of 2020. Nevertheless, the pandemic has taken a large toll on the economy, potentially inducing long-term scarring and increasing inequality.
Download or read book Belize, Staff Report for the ... Article IV Consultation written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
