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Controlling The Morphology Of Carbon Nanotube Arrays
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Book Synopsis Controlling the Morphology of Carbon Nanotube Arrays by :
Download or read book Controlling the Morphology of Carbon Nanotube Arrays written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By controlling catalyst pretreatment conditions, we demonstrate that the degree of spinnability of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is closely related to the morphology of CNT arrays. Shortest catalyst pretreatment time led to CNT arrays with the best spinnability, while prolonged pretreatment resulted in coarsening of catalyst particles and non-spinnable CNTs. We further demonstrate the growth of undulating CNT arrays with uniform and tunable waviness by controlling the coalescence of catalyst particles. The CNT arrays can be tuned from well-aligned, spinnable forests to uniformly wavy, foam-like films by controlling catalyst pretreatment conditions.
Download or read book زمينه جامعه شناسى written by and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aligned Carbon Nanotubes by : Zhifeng Ren
Download or read book Aligned Carbon Nanotubes written by Zhifeng Ren and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-05 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a survey of the physics and fabrication of carbon nanotubes and their applications in optics, electronics, chemistry and biotechnology. It focuses on the structural characterization of various carbon nanotubes, fabrication of vertically or parallel aligned carbon nanotubes on substrates or in composites, physical properties for their alignment, and applications of aligned carbon nanotubes in field emission, optical antennas, light transmission, solar cells, chemical devices, bio-devices, and many others. Major fabrication methods are illustrated in detail, particularly the most widely used PECVD growth technique on which various device integration schemes are based, followed by applications such as electrical interconnects, nanodiodes, optical antennas, and nanocoax solar cells, whereas current limitations and challenges are also be discussed to lay the foundation for future developments.
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotubes: From Basic Research to Nanotechnology by : Valentin N. Popov
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes: From Basic Research to Nanotechnology written by Valentin N. Popov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-04 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book comprises reviews on various topics of carbon nanotube research from specialists in the field, together with reports on on-going research. Both are intended to give a detailed picture of the remarkable properties of these one-dimensional nanostructures. Particular attention is paid to the synthesis, characterization, properties, and application of nanotubes. The book will be an indispensable introduction for the newcomers in the field as well as a valuable update for researchers in the field, for it contains the most recent developments.
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotubes by : Mohammed Rahman
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Mohammed Rahman and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-04-26 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book Carbon Nanotubes - Recent Progress contains a number of recent researches on synthesis, growth, characterization, development, and potential applications on carbon materials especially CNTs in nanoscale. It is a promising novel research from top to bottom that has received a lot of interest in the last few decades. It covers the advanced topics on the physical, chemical, and potential applications of CNTs. Here, the interesting reports on cutting-edge science and technology related to synthesis, morphology, control, hybridization, and prospective applications of CNTs are concluded. This potentially unique work offers various approaches on the R
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotube Science by : Peter J. F. Harris
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Science written by Peter J. F. Harris and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-19 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes represent one of the most exciting research areas in modern science. These molecular-scale carbon tubes are the stiffest and strongest fibres known, with remarkable electronic properties, and potential applications in a wide range of fields. Carbon Nanotube Science is a concise, accessible book, presenting the basic knowledge that graduates and researchers need to know. Based on the successful Carbon Nanotubes and Related Structures, this book focuses solely on carbon nanotubes, covering the major advances made in recent years in this rapidly developing field. Chapters focus on electronic properties, chemical and bimolecular functionalisation, nanotube composites and nanotube-based probes and sensors. The book begins with a comprehensive discussion of synthesis, purification and processing methods. With its comprehensive coverage of this active research field, this book will appeal to researchers in a broad range of disciplines, including nanotechnology, engineering, materials science and physics.
Book Synopsis Perspective of Carbon Nanotubes by : Hosam El-Din Saleh
Download or read book Perspective of Carbon Nanotubes written by Hosam El-Din Saleh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-12-11 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes belong to new nanomaterials and have been known for almost 20 years, but their history is somewhat lengthier. They have been identified as promising candidates for various applications.High-temperature preparation techniques are conventional techniques for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes using arc discharge or laser ablation, but today these methods are being replaced by low-temperature vapor deposition techniques, since orientation, alignment, nanotube length, diameter, purity, and density of carbon nanotubes can be precisely controlled. The synthesis of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition on catalyst arrays leads to nanotube models grown from specific sites on surfaces. The controlled synthesis of nanotubes opens up interesting possibilities in nanoscience and nanotechnologies, including electrical, mechanical and electromechanical properties and devices, chemical functionalization, surface chemistry and photochemistry, molecular sensors, and interfacing with moderate biological systems.Carbon nanotubes are used in many applications due to their unique electrical, mechanical, optical, thermal, and other properties. Conductive and high-strength composite materials, energy saving and energy conversion devices, sensors, visualization of field emissions and sources of radiation, means for storing hydrogen, and nanoscale semiconductor devices, probes, and interconnections are some of the many applications of carbon nanotubes.
Book Synopsis Surface Treatments to Tailor the Wettability of Carbon Nanotube Arrays by : Lvmeng He
Download or read book Surface Treatments to Tailor the Wettability of Carbon Nanotube Arrays written by Lvmeng He and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained great attention due to their excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays attached to solid substrates resemble a nano-carpet and have potentials in a variety of devices. In this study, the focus is to investigate the surface modification approaches of CNT carpets on flat (compressed) graphite. Wettability, or permeation of a liquid such as water into the CNT strands, may play very significant roles in many applications where a CNT-coated device may be used in aqueous environment. Short-term microwave plasma treatments were used in this project to functionalize CNT carpets for wettability. Hydrophilic/ hydrophobic behavior, measured by the contact angle of water, could be well tuned by controlling the exposure time. A simple method to reverse the changes caused by plasma is to anneal in air at a temperature of 110 °C. The CNT carpets could be cycled between hydrophobic and hydrophilic by repeated treatments of plasma and air annealing. The extent and ease of cycling depended on the morphology of the CNT carpets. We investigated the influence of surface nanostructure, morphology and surface chemistry on wettability. Nanostructure and morphology of CNT arrays was studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The chemical composition of the surface was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Pure CNT carpets are superhydrophobic (contact angle > 160°) as long as they are well aligned and do not contain covalently bonded oxygen groups. Superhydrophobicity may be lost, or contact angle decreased, if either alignment of CNTs is disturbed or covalent oxygen-containing groups bind to its surface. Young’s, Wenzel’s and Cassie-Baxter regimes are three models of contact angle that are used to explain these observations. The wetting state and contact angle of hydrophobic CNT arrays were compared with the values predicted by Cassie-Baxter equation on pristine CNT carpets. The morphological parameter was obtained by measuring multiscale dimensions of CNT carpets from SEM images. The chemical parameter represented by inherent contact angle was obtained by measuring contact angle on the graphitic materials, and reviewing the literature values reported on graphite and graphene surfaces. As an example of how wettability may influence an engineering property such as water flow, CNT arrays were synthesized on carbon fiber cloth. The flow of water through this porous fabric was tested. It was seen that water flow was enhanced by CNT attachment, which may be attributed to drag reduction on super-hydrophobic surface. However, making the CNT carpets fully hydrophilic through plasma treatment seemed to further increase overall water flow rates, which may raise the possibility of capillary transport through hydrophilic nano-carpet. These effects need to be investigated more carefully in future for better understanding.
Book Synopsis Doping of Carbon Nanotubes by : Sergey Bulyarskiy
Download or read book Doping of Carbon Nanotubes written by Sergey Bulyarskiy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-01 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the control of electronic properties of carbon nanotubes. It presents thermodynamic calculations of the formation of impurities and defects in the interaction of nanotubes with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and boron, based on theoretical models of the formation of defects in carbon nanotubes. It is shown that doping and adsorption lead to changes in the electronic structure of the tubes as well as to the appearance of impurity states in the HOMO-LUMO gap. The book presents examples of specific calculations for doping of carbon nanotubes with oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and boron, together with numerous experimental results and a comparison with the author’s thermodynamic calculations. Possible directions of the technological processes of optimization are pointed out, as well as the perspectives of p-n-transition creation with the help of carbon nanotube arrays. The results presented were derived from the physics of the processes and a theoretical model of the technological processes. Though a wealth of empirical information on doping nanotubes has been accumulated in the scientific literature, what is lacking is a theoretical model for their analysis. As such, the book develops a thermodynamic model of the self-organization of structural elements in multicomponent systems – including carbon nanotubes, clusters and precipitates in condensed matter – and subsequently adapts it to the doping of carbon nanotubes. This approach allows readers to gain a far deeper understanding of the processes of doping carbon nanotubes.
Book Synopsis Syntheses and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes and Their Composites by : Satoru Suzuki
Download or read book Syntheses and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes and Their Composites written by Satoru Suzuki and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes are rolled up graphene sheets with a quasi-one-dimensional structure of nanometer-scale diameter. In these last twenty years, carbon nanotubes have attracted much attention from physicists, chemists, material scientists, and electronic device engineers, because of their excellent structural, electronic, optical, chemical and mechanical properties. More recently, demand for innovative industrial applications of carbon nanotubes is increasing. This book covers recent research topics regarding syntheses techniques of carbon nanotubes and nanotube-based composites, and their applications. The chapters in this book will be helpful to many students, engineers and researchers working in the field of carbon nanotubes.
Book Synopsis Process Variables Controlling Consistency of Carbon Nanotube Forest Growth by : Hanna Megumi Vincent
Download or read book Process Variables Controlling Consistency of Carbon Nanotube Forest Growth written by Hanna Megumi Vincent and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aligned arrays of carbon nanotubes (A-CNTs), called CNT forests, are the precursor for controlled-morphology macroscopic nanocomposites and nanoengineered composites due to theirscale-dependent, tunable physicall properties. Applications include polymer and ceramic matrix nanocomposites (PNCs and CMNCs), nanostiching as laminate interply reinforcement, as well as in supercapacitors, MEMS devices and electrodes for ion actuators and sensors. A key component of manufacturing materials comprised of A-CNTs is controlling the morphology and geometry of the CNT forest. Current laboratory findings show significant variability in CNT forest growth characteristics, and an experimental study was conducted to better understand and control for the observd process variations. An exploratory investigation of growth parameters allowed for a local optimization of growth temperature and hydrocarbon flow rates, as well as an acceptable range of sample placement in the CVD furnace to achieve ~1mm tall CNT forests. Results from this investigation led to the conclusion that the significant inconsistencies between consecutive growths must be due to factors out of direct control, mainly humidity. A new system is being developed to better control for and monitor water in the furnace. A second investigation focused on post growth cool down effects, and the possible shortening (deforestation) of CNTs at high temperatures without a renewing source of the carbon precursor. Deforestation conditions did not lead to CNT shortening.
Book Synopsis Controlling the Distribution of Carbon Nanotubes with Colloidal Masks by : Saloome Motavas
Download or read book Controlling the Distribution of Carbon Nanotubes with Colloidal Masks written by Saloome Motavas and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanometer-scale structures that have attracted broad interest due to their exceptional thermal, electronic, and mechanical properties. As a result, there has been a large effort to develop applications of these materials in various fields including nanoelectronics and nanophotonics, energy storage, and biomedical fields. However, controlled production and manufacturing of CNTs still remains a challenge. In this work we demonstrate a method for controlling the placement and distribution of carbon nanotubes on surfaces using colloidal lithography. CNTs in ring-like geometries display interesting properties due to their nanoscale curved structure. Although several methods have been introduced for the fabrication of these structures, large scale fabrication of CNT rings with controllable diameter in a practical manner has thus far been elusive. Here, we use colloidal lithography to assemble nanotubes from solution into rings with tunable diameter and controllable placement in large-area periodic arrays. Several parameters and conditions such as the mask size, concentration and type of solvent for the CNT solutions are tested, and nanotubes with different quality and purity are used. Characterization of the CNT ring arrays using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are performed. These results demonstrate large periodic areas of rings with good uniformity throughout the arrays. The arrays consist of rings with diameters between 180?220 nm when using 780 nm diameter sphere colloidal masks. Analysis of ring thickness for these rings indicated their cross-sections are composed of approximately 10-15 individual tubes. Rings made with 450 nm spheres had diameters between 100-150 nm, showing the tunability of the ring diameter enabled by our method. In some cases, mesh-like structures in the form of periodic interconnected carbon nanotubes were also observed. Our results demonstrate an efficient and straightforward approach for patterning carbon nanotubes into well-defined surface distributions with controlled and tunable dimensions.
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotubes by : Christian Peter Deck
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Christian Peter Deck and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess exceptional material properties, making them desirable for use in a variety of applications. In this work, CNTs were grown using two distinct catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) procedures, floating catalyst CVD and thermal CVD, which differed in the method of catalyst introduction. Reaction conditions were optimized to synthesize nanotubes with desired characteristics, and the effects of varying growth parameters were studied. These parameters included gas composition, temperature, reaction duration, and catalyst and substrate material. The CNT products were then examined using several approaches. For each CVD method, nanotube growth rates were determined and the formation and termination mechanisms were investigated. The effects of reaction parameters on nanotube diameters and morphology were also explored to identify means of controlling these important properties. In addition to investigating the effects of different growth parameters, the material properties of nanotubes were also studied. The floating catalyst CVD method produced thick mats of nanotubes, and the mechanical response of these samples was examined using in-situ compression and tension testing. These results indicated that mat structure is composed of discontinuous nanotubes, and a time-dependent response was also observed. In addition, the electrical resistance of bulk CNT samples was found to increase for tubes grown with higher catalyst concentrations and with bamboo morphologies. The properties of nanotubes synthesized using thermal CVD were also examined. Mechanical testing was performed using the same in-situ compression approach developed for floating catalyst CVD samples. A second characterization method was devised, where an optical approach was used to measure the deflection of patterned nanotubes exposed to an applied fluid flow. This response was also simulated, and comparisons with the experimental data were used to determine the flexural rigidity of these CNT arrays. In this work, two potential applications for carbon nanotubes were also considered. Using the experimental method employed for flexural rigidity measurements, a carbon nanotube-based fluid flow sensor that offered fast response and repeatability was demonstrated. There is also great interest in CNTs for high strength applications, and the growth of nanotubes for the spin-processing of CNTs into micron-scale fibers was also investigated.
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotubes on Carbon Fibers by : Qiuhong Zhang
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes on Carbon Fibers written by Qiuhong Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interface between carbon fibers (CFs) and the resin matrix in traditional high performance composites is characterized by a large discontinuity in mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties which can cause inefficient energy transfer. Due to the exceptional properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), their growth at the surface of carbon fibers is a promising approach to controlling interfacial interactions and achieving the enhanced bulk properties. However, the reactive conditions used to grow carbon nanotubes also have the potential to introduce defects that can degrade the mechanical properties of the carbon fiber (CF) substrate. In this study, using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, high density multi-wall carbon nanotubes have been successfully synthesized directly on PAN-based CF surface without significantly compromising tensile properties. The influence of CVD growth conditions on the single CF tensile properties and carbon nanotube (CNT) morphology was investigated. The experimental results revealed that under high temperature growth conditions, the tensile strength of CF was greatly decreased at the beginning of CNT growth process with the largest decrease observed for sized CFs. However, the tensile strength of unsized CFs with CNT was approximately the same as the initial CF at lower growth temperature. The interfacial shear strength of CNT coated CF (CNT/CF) in epoxy was studied by means of the single-fiber fragmentation test. Results of the test indicate an improvement in interfacial shear strength with the addition of a CNT coating. This improvement can most likely be attributed to an increase in the interphase yield strength as well as an improvement in interfacial adhesion due to the presence of the nanotubes. CNT/CF also offers promise as stress and strain sensors in CF reinforced composite materials. This study investigates fundamental mechanical and electrical properties of CNT/CF using nanoindentation method by designed localized transverse compression at low loads (uN to mN) and small displacements (nm to a few um). Force, strain, stiffness, and electrical resistance were monitored simultaneously during compression experiments. The results showed that CNT/CF possess a high sensing capability between force and resistance. Hysteresis in both force-displacement and resistance-displacement curves was observed with CNT/CF, but was more evident as maximum strain increased and did not depend on strain rate. Force was higher and resistance was lower during compression as compared to decompression. A model is proposed to explain hysteresis where van der Waals forces between deformed and entangled nanotubes hinder decompression of some of the compressed tubes that are in contact with each other. This study provides a new understanding of the mechanical and electrical behavior of CNT/CF that will facilitate usage as stress and strain sensors in both stand-alone and composite materials applications. A novel method for in situ observation of nano-micro scale CNT/CF mechanical behavior by SEM has been developed in this study. The results indicated that deformation of vertical aligned CNT (VACNT) forest followed a column-like bending mechanism under localized radial (axial) compression. No fracture was observed even at very high compression strain on a VACNT forest. In order to fully understand CNT forest properties, the viscous creep behavior of VACNT arrays grown on flat Si substrate has also been characterized using a nanoindentation method. Resulting creep response was observed to consist of a short transient stage and a steady state stage in which the rate of displacement was constant. The strain rate sensitivity depended on the density of the nanotube arrays, but it was independent of the ramping (compression) rate of the indenter.
Book Synopsis Capillary Densification and Adhesion Tuning of Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Shape-engineerable Architectures by : Ashley Louise Kaiser
Download or read book Capillary Densification and Adhesion Tuning of Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Shape-engineerable Architectures written by Ashley Louise Kaiser and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advantaged intrinsic and scale-dependent properties of aligned nanofibers (NFs), such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and their ability to be self-assembled by capillary forces motivates their use as shape-engineerable materials. In order to achieve facile and accurate patterning and densification of NFs into new architectures, a mechanistic understanding of the parameters governing NF synthesis, densification, and substrate adhesion is needed. Here, parametric experiments and models are developed to evaluate the scaling of NF-substrate adhesion strength (Fa) of mm-scale tall aligned CNT arrays as a function of CNT growth time (tg), and to control the solvent-based capillary densification of sub-mm-scale tall CNT arrays into cell and pin structures, which have tunable geometries based on CNT height, Fa, and, if used, the as-grown CNT array pattern size (s). One-dimensional scaling relations are presented that accurately predict the morphology of these capillary-densified CNTs exhibiting multiple spatial scales, including long-range cellular networks formed from bulk-scale CNT arrays, and solid, micron-scale pins formed via the densification of patterned CNT arrays below and at the critical s that separates cell vs. pin formation. The effective CNT array elastic modulus (E), and not the orders-of-magnitude higher isolated CNT axial modulus, is found to govern the width, area, wall thickness, and volume fraction of the densified cells and pins. E is about an order of magnitude smaller for pins as compared to cell networks formed from bulk-scale (i.e., non-patterned) CNT arrays, and patterning therefore results in pins with a lower packing density (commensurate with double the wall thickness) and a larger characteristic spacing than bulk cell networks. Further increasing s recovers the bulk-scale cell scaling relations, as the cell geometry plateaus for s>~~ 1000 [mu]m. Additional tuning of the cell network geometry is possible by altering Fa via a simple post-growth annealing step. However, while controlling this adhesion is needed for bulk-scale manufacturing and application-specific performance, experimental and theoretical approaches to date have neglected to address the scaling of Fa with tg, a crucial process parameter governing CNT synthesis, structure, and properties. Here, the non-monotonic scaling of Fa with tg is measured experimentally via uniform tensile CNT array separation from a flat growth substrate and modeled analytically based on atomic and meso-scale CNT evolution using contact mechanics. CNT growth termination is marked by a reduction in CNT number density and a plateau in array height, signifying the transition between two distinct process-structure-property scaling regimes. At this growth termination point, experiments and modeling indicate a one- and two-orders-of-magnitude increase in Fa and E, respectively. Here, the observed increase in CNT wall thickness and sp3 bond character with tg shows that the accumulation of turbostratic carbon species in the CNT array contributes to the evolving mechanical response. Future paths of study are recommended to extend this work towards two-dimensional capillary densification of NF arrays and Fa tunability via post-processing, which would allow for the densification of taller NF arrays (towards mm- and cm-scales) to expand the suitability of these materials for a broader range of applications. Collectively, these results enable the use of capillary densification and tunable NF-substrate adhesion for the design and manufacture of bulk nanoengineered materials and emerging nanoscale technologies.
Book Synopsis Improving Template-based Nanomanufacturing of Carbon Nanotube Arrays Via Polishing Wet Etching Method by : Kosar Samadi
Download or read book Improving Template-based Nanomanufacturing of Carbon Nanotube Arrays Via Polishing Wet Etching Method written by Kosar Samadi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Multifunctional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) enable novel ways of interacting with complex biological fluid environments, such as single living cells and tissues. It has been shown that vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays can be utilized to deliver genes into cells with high efficiency. These arrays were produced through template-based nanomanufacturing, where chemical vapor deposition forms carbon nanotubes inside the pores and oxygen plasma and reactive ion etching (RIE) expose the tubes by selective etching. The same devices could be produced faster and cheaper by replacing oxygen plasma and RIE with mechanical polishing and wet etching. However, the biomedical utilization of CNT-based technology has been hindered by inconsistencies in fabrication of effective CNT arrays which can facilitate fluid transport and gene transfer. In this research, the polishing process of CNT arrays was examined to identify the source of variability in results and developing solutions to overcome the issues. To this end, the capabilities and limitations of the current polishing step was tested using multiple characterization techniques, different variables were investigated, several alternative techniques were developed and explored and the best solutions considering the current restrictions were proposed. The results of this study will contribute to building the platform for a consistent scaled up technology for probing multiple cells in parallel and providing substrates for wearable or implantable biological sensors."--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Intracellular Delivery and Biological Applications by : Masoud Golshadi
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Intracellular Delivery and Biological Applications written by Masoud Golshadi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Introducing nucleic acids into mammalian cells is a crucial step to elucidate biochemical pathways, modify gene expression in immortalized cells, primary cells, and stem cells, and intoduces new approaches for clinical diagnostics and therapeutics. Current gene transfer technologies, including lipofection, electroporation, and viral delivery, have enabled break-through advances in basic and translational science to enable derivation and programming of embryonic stem cells, advanced gene editing using CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats), and development of targeted anti-tumor therapy using chimeric antigen receptors in T-cells (CAR-T). Despite these successes, current transfection technologies are time consuming and limited by the inefficient introduction of test molecules into large populations of target cells, and the cytotoxicity of the techniques. Moreover, many cell types cannot be consistently transfected by lipofection or electroporation (stem cells, T-cells) and viral delivery has limitations to the size of experimental DNA that can be packaged. In this dissertation, a novel coverslip-like platform consisting of an array of aligned hollow carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in a sacrificial template is developed that enhances gene transfer capabilities, including high efficiency, low toxicity, in an expanded range of target cells, with the potential to transfer mixed combinations of protein and nucleic acids. The CNT array devices are fabricated by a scalable template-based manufacturing method using commercially available membranes, eliminating the need for nano-assembly. High efficient transfection has been demonstrated by delivering various cargos (nanoparticles, dye and plasmid DNA) into populations of cells, achieving 85% efficiency of plasmid DNA delivery into immortalized cells. Moreover, the CNT-mediated transfection of stem cells shows 3 times higher efficiency compared to current lipofection methods. Evaluating the cell-CNT interaction elucidates the importance of the geometrical properties of CNT arrays (CNT exposed length and surface morphology) on transfection efficiency. The results indicate that densely-packed and shortly-exposed CNT arrays with planar surface will enhance gene delivery using this new platform. This technology offers a significant increase in efficiency and cell viability, along with the ease of use compared to current standard methods, which demonstrates its potential to accelerate the development of new cell models to study intractable diseases, decoding the signaling pathways, and drug discovery."--Abstract.
