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Controlling Of Halogenated Aromatic Disinfection Byproducts During Drinking Water Chlorination
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Book Synopsis Controlling of Halogenated Aromatic Disinfection Byproducts During Drinking Water Chlorination by : Jingyi Jiang
Download or read book Controlling of Halogenated Aromatic Disinfection Byproducts During Drinking Water Chlorination written by Jingyi Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water by : Yuefeng Xie
Download or read book Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water written by Yuefeng Xie and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-08-27 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The EPA has established regulations which classify four types of disinfection byproducts - TTHMs, haloacetic acids, bromate, and chlorite - and requires public water systems limit these byproducts to specific levels. Most of the information required to comply with these standards is either scattered throughout the literature or derived from confere
Book Synopsis Disinfection By-Products in Water TreatmentThe Chemistry of Their Formation and Control by : Roger A. Minear
Download or read book Disinfection By-Products in Water TreatmentThe Chemistry of Their Formation and Control written by Roger A. Minear and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinfection By-Products in Water Treatment describes new government regulations related to disinfection by-products. It explains the formation of microorganism by-products during water treatment and the methods employed to control them. The book includes several chapters on chlorine by-products and discusses techniques for the removal of chloroform from drinking water. It also describes gamma radiation techniques for removing microorganic by-product precursors from natural waters and the removal of bromate from drinking water.
Book Synopsis Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water by : K. Clive Thompson
Download or read book Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water written by K. Clive Thompson and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2016 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the latest developments in themes related to water disinfection by-products, this book brings the academic and industry researchers right up to date.
Book Synopsis Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water by : M.N.V. Prasad
Download or read book Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water written by M.N.V. Prasad and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water: Detection and Treatment presents cutting-edge research on how to understand the procedures, processes and considerations for detecting and treating disinfection by-products from drinking water, swimming pool water, and wastewater. The book begins with an overview of the different groups of Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), such as: Trihalomethanes (THM), Halo acetic acids, and Haloacetonitrile (HAN). This coverage is quickly followed by a clear and rigorous exposition of the latest methods and technologies for the characterization, occurrence, formation, transformation and removal of DBPs in drinking water. Other chapters focus on ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Researchers will find a valuable resource to a breath of topics for DBP detection and treatment, including various recent techniques, such as microfiltration, nanofiltration membrane and nanotechnology. - Explains the latest research in detection, treatment processes and remediation technologies - Includes sampling, analytical and characterization methods and approaches - Covers cutting-edge research, including membrane based technologies, nanotechnology treatment technologies and bioremediation treatment technologies - Provides background information regarding contamination sources
Book Synopsis Controlling Disinfection By-products and Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water by : Robert M. Clark
Download or read book Controlling Disinfection By-products and Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water written by Robert M. Clark and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Halogenated Disinfection Byproducts in Chlorinated Drinking Water by : Chen Hang
Download or read book Characterization of Halogenated Disinfection Byproducts in Chlorinated Drinking Water written by Chen Hang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :030949382X Total Pages :291 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Management of Legionella in Water Systems by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Management of Legionella in Water Systems written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-02-20 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legionnaires' disease, a pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium, is the leading cause of reported waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Legionella occur naturally in water from many different environmental sources, but grow rapidly in the warm, stagnant conditions that can be found in engineered water systems such as cooling towers, building plumbing, and hot tubs. Humans are primarily exposed to Legionella through inhalation of contaminated aerosols into the respiratory system. Legionnaires' disease can be fatal, with between 3 and 33 percent of Legionella infections leading to death, and studies show the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in the United States increased five-fold from 2000 to 2017. Management of Legionella in Water Systems reviews the state of science on Legionella contamination of water systems, specifically the ecology and diagnosis. This report explores the process of transmission via water systems, quantification, prevention and control, and policy and training issues that affect the incidence of Legionnaires' disease. It also analyzes existing knowledge gaps and recommends research priorities moving forward.
Book Synopsis Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment by : Clemens von Sonntag
Download or read book Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Clemens von Sonntag and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though ozone has been applied for a long time for disinfection and oxidation in water treatment, there is lack of critical information related to transformation of organic compounds. This has become more important in recent years, because there is considerable concern about the formation of potentially harmful degradation products as well as oxidation products from the reaction with the matrix components. In recent years, a wealth of information on the products that are formed has accumulated, and substantial progress in understanding mechanistic details of ozone reactions in aqueous solution has been made. Based on the latter, this may allow us to predict the products of as yet not studied systems and assist in evaluating toxic potentials in case certain classes are known to show such effects. Keeping this in mind, Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment: From Basic Principles to Applications discusses mechanistic details of ozone reactions as much as they are known to date and applies them to the large body of studies on micropollutant degradation (such as pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors) that is already available. Extensively quoting the literature and updating the available compilation of ozone rate constants gives the reader a text at hand on which his research can be based. Moreover, those that are responsible for planning or operation of ozonation steps in drinking water and wastewater treatment plants will find salient information in a compact form that otherwise is quite disperse. A critical compilation of rate constants for the various classes of compounds is given in each chapter, including all the recent publications. This is a very useful source of information for researchers and practitioners who need kinetic information on emerging contaminants. Furthermore, each chapter contains a large selection of examples of reaction mechanisms for the transformation of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fuel additives, solvents, taste and odor compounds, cyanotoxins. Authors: Prof. Dr. Clemens von Sonntag, Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Mülheim an der Ruhr, and Instrumentelle Analytische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany and Prof. Dr. Urs von Gunten, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, and Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Book Synopsis Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment by : Mihaela I. Stefan
Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment written by Mihaela I. Stefan and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) rely on the efficient generation of reactive radical species and are increasingly attractive options for water remediation from a wide variety of organic micropollutants of human health and/or environmental concern. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment covers the key advanced oxidation processes developed for chemical contaminant destruction in polluted water sources, some of which have been implemented successfully at water treatment plants around the world. The book is structured in two sections; the first part is dedicated to the most relevant AOPs, whereas the topics covered in the second section include the photochemistry of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment, advanced water treatment for water reuse, implementation of advanced treatment processes for drinking water production at a state-of-the art water treatment plant in Europe, advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and green technologies for water remediation. The advanced oxidation processes discussed in the book cover the following aspects: - Process principles including the most recent scientific findings and interpretation. - Classes of compounds suitable to AOP treatment and examples of reaction mechanisms. - Chemical and photochemical degradation kinetics and modelling. - Water quality impact on process performance and practical considerations on process parameter selection criteria. - Process limitations and byproduct formation and strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects on the treated water quality. - AOP equipment design and economics considerations. - Research studies and outcomes. - Case studies relevant to process implementation to water treatment. - Commercial applications. - Future research needs. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents the most recent scientific and technological achievements in process understanding and implementation, and addresses to anyone interested in water remediation, including water industry professionals, consulting engineers, regulators, academics, students. Editor: Mihaela I. Stefan - Trojan Technologies - Canada
Book Synopsis Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water by : Tanju Karanfil
Download or read book Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water written by Tanju Karanfil and published by Academic. This book was released on 2008 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of chapters on the latest international research findings, including emerging issues and state-of-the-art studies, related to disinfection by-product formation and control in drinking waters and treated wastewaters.
Book Synopsis Disinfection Byproducts by : Washington (State). Division of Drinking Water
Download or read book Disinfection Byproducts written by Washington (State). Division of Drinking Water and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water by : M.N.V. Prasad
Download or read book Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water written by M.N.V. Prasad and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2020-03-06 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water: Detection and Treatment presents cutting-edge research on how to understand the procedures, processes and considerations for detecting and treating disinfection by-products from drinking water, swimming pool water, and wastewater. The book begins with an overview of the different groups of Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), such as: Trihalomethanes (THM), Halo acetic acids, and Haloacetonitrile (HAN). This coverage is quickly followed by a clear and rigorous exposition of the latest methods and technologies for the characterization, occurrence, formation, transformation and removal of DBPs in drinking water. Other chapters focus on ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Researchers will find a valuable resource to a breath of topics for DBP detection and treatment, including various recent techniques, such as microfiltration, nanofiltration membrane and nanotechnology. Explains the latest research in detection, treatment processes and remediation technologies Includes sampling, analytical and characterization methods and approaches Covers cutting-edge research, including membrane based technologies, nanotechnology treatment technologies and bioremediation treatment technologies Provides background information regarding contamination sources
Book Synopsis Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment by : Simon Parsons
Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Simon Parsons and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The suitability of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for pollutant degradation was recognised in the early 1970s and much research and development work has been undertaken to commercialise some of these processes. AOPs have shown great potential in treating pollutants at both low and high concentrations and have found applications as diverse as ground water treatment, municipal wastewater sludge destruction and VOCs control. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment is an overview of the advanced oxidation processes currently used or proposed for the remediation of water, wastewater, odours and sludge. The book contains two opening chapters which present introductions to advanced oxidation processes and a background to UV photolysis, seven chapters focusing on individual advanced oxidation processes and, finally, three chapters concentrating on selected applications of advanced oxidation processes. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment will be invaluable to readers interested in water and wastewater treatment processes, including professionals and suppliers, as well as students and academics studying in this area. Dr Simon Parsons is a Senior Lecturer in Water Sciences at Cranfield University with ten years' experience of industrial and academic research and development.
Book Synopsis Modifications to Dissolved Organic Matter and Disinfection Byproduct Formation During Solar Chlorine Photolysis and Related Oxidative Treatment, as Applied to Drinking Water Treatment by : Tessora Young
Download or read book Modifications to Dissolved Organic Matter and Disinfection Byproduct Formation During Solar Chlorine Photolysis and Related Oxidative Treatment, as Applied to Drinking Water Treatment written by Tessora Young and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorine is a common disinfectant used for water treatment worldwide, however not all pathogens can be inactivated using chlorine alone. Solar irradiation of chlorinated waters enhances inactivation of chlorine-resistant pathogens, through in situ formation of ozone and hydroxyl radical during photolysis of free available chlorine (FAC) at UVA/UVB wavelengths of sunlight (290 - 400nm). Organic and inorganic water constituents (e.g., natural organic matter (NOM), bromide, and carbonate) are also reactive with these photooxidants and can be linked to the formation of regulated drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBP). To evaluate the feasibility of this process as a novel water treatment, a variety of relevant surface water matrixes need to be treated via solar chlorine photolysis while monitoring consequent DBP. A suite of relevant chlorinated and brominated disinfection/oxidation byproducts (some regulated by the U.S. EPA) were monitored including oxyhalides, four trihalomethanes (THMs), and nine haloacetic acids (HAA9). Changes to NOM were characterized by monitoring spectral and redox properties, and molecular weight distributions during solar chlorine photolysis and compared to changes associated with conventional drinking water treatment (e.g., chlorination, ozonation, and advanced oxidation processes (AOP)). The results from this study show formation of DBPs vary significantly with water composition. Chlorate concentrations increased during solar photolysis of FAC (8mg/L as Cl2) at pH 8, and bromate formation followed similar trends (1.8x increase at pH 8 vs. pH 6) with 200 [micro]g/L bromide. Addition of NOM (Suwannee River) adds a competitor for radical and ozone species, and completely disrupted chlorate and bromate formation mechanisms; less reactive, natural waters limited oxyhalide formation to a lesser degree. Natural organic matter contributes to THM and HAA formation during chlorination and organic DBP yields increased further following solar chlorine photolysis (solar fluences > 4 J/cm2). Control experiments showed that increased organic DBP levels were not due to direct SRNOM photolysis and subsequent dark reactions with HOCl, but to co-exposure of SRNOM to HOCl and reactive species (e.g., O3, HO ̇, Cl ̇, ClO ̇) generated by FAC photolysis. [ABTS ̇+]− was utilized to quantify changes in the electron donating capacity (EDC) of natural organic matter (NOM) isolates and two model compounds: phenol a model for reactive aromatic moieties, and benzoic acid a model for less reactive aromatic moieties. Low exposures of FAC (CT[subscript]FAC = [integral][FAC]dt) significantly decreased the measurable EDC of NOM and phenol, potentially due to rapid halogenation or oxidation of reactive aromatic groups. Once these fast-reacting sites were depleted, the EDC decreased slowly with increasing chlorine exposure. Chlorination resulted in moderate decreases in UV absorbance of the bulk NOM and negligible changes in fluorescence EEM intensity (CT[subscript]FAC [less than or equal to] 400 (mg/L as Cl2)x min). Reactive oxygen species such as ozone and hydroxyl radical (independently or in combination with FAC during solar chlorine photolysis) yielded loss of UV absorbance in the bulk NOM. Pre-treatment of DOM with low exposures of hydroxyl radical (UV/H2O2, X-ray radiolysis, or O2−/O3) led to increased EDC for NOM and benzoic acid, and increased THM and HAA formation after dark chlorination for NOM, benzoic acid, and phenol, likely due to hydroxylation of aromatics during pretreatment. Radical scavengers (50mM tert-butanol) suppressed EDC formation and hindered THM and HAA formation. Exposure to O3 itself (with radical scavengers added) actually appears to lead primarily to oxidation and/or ring cleavage, rather than hydroxylation which appears to occur due to HO ̇ generated via O3 decay. X-ray irradiation of hypochlorite at pH 10 (favoring ClO ̇ from reaction between HO ̇ and OCl−) decreased EDC and spectral properties while increasing DBP yields, similar to sunlight-driven chlorine photolysis. Based on these findings, exposure of NOM to ozone, reactive oxygen and halogen species (e.g., HO ̇, Cl ̇, ClO ̇), and FAC during sunlight-driven chlorine photolysis involves hydroxylation of slow reacting aromatic moieties as a key pathway contributing to (a) increased electron donating capacity in aromatic components of the bulk NOM, and (b) increased reactivities toward FAC (and potentially other halogenating agents) to form halogenated organic DBPs. These findings provide an improved understanding of the processes leading to increased formation of DBP precursors during low to moderate exposures of ozone and reactive oxygen or halogen species, and could help identify strategies to minimize organic DBP formation during solar chlorine photolysis or other combinations of chlorine and ROS (such as UVC chlorine photolysis or sequential AOP/FAC treatment) likely to be applied during water and wastewater treatment.
Book Synopsis Long-Term Effects of Disinfection Changes on Water Quality by : John E. Dyksen
Download or read book Long-Term Effects of Disinfection Changes on Water Quality written by John E. Dyksen and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to many U.S. water utilities that are considering changing disinfectants from chlorine to alternative disinfectants, this research has been undertaken to gain knowledge of long-term effects.
Book Synopsis Exposure to Contaminants in Drinking Water by : Stephen S Olin
Download or read book Exposure to Contaminants in Drinking Water written by Stephen S Olin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-11-19 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure to Contaminants in Drinking Water: Estimating Uptake through the Skin and by Inhalation examines the current state of science in this field by identifying and reviewing the available information resources; evaluating various models and approaches; and demonstrating the feasibility of developing estimates of the distribution of absorbed doses of contaminants in drinking water through contact with the skin and by inhalation. This book, the product of a fifteen-member expert working group convened by the Risk Science Institute of the International Life Sciences Institute under a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Water, includes contributions from experts in exposure modeling and measurement; water chemistry; time-activity patterns; dermal and respiratory uptake; and the use of probability distributions in characterizing exposures.
