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Contributions To Mathematical Psychology Psychometrics And Methodology
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Book Synopsis Contributions to Mathematical Psychology, Psychometrics, and Methodology by : Gerhard H. Fischer
Download or read book Contributions to Mathematical Psychology, Psychometrics, and Methodology written by Gerhard H. Fischer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributions to Mathematical Psychology, Psycho§ metrics and Methodology presents the most esteemed research findings of the 22nd European Mathematical Psychology Group meeting in Vienna, Austria, September 1991. The selection of work appearing in this volume contains not only contributions to mathematical psychology in the narrow sense, but also work in psychometrics and methodology, with the common element of all contributions being their attempt to deal with scientific problems in psychology with rigorous mathematics reasoning. The book contains 28 chapters divided into five parts: Perception, Learning, and Cognition; Choice and Reaction Time; Social Systems; Measurement and Psychometrics; and Methodology. It is of interest to all mathematical psychologists, educational psychologists, and graduate students in these areas.
Book Synopsis Recent Progress in Mathematical Psychology by : Cornelia E. Dowling
Download or read book Recent Progress in Mathematical Psychology written by Cornelia E. Dowling and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-03-05 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical psychology is an interdisciplinary area of research in which methods of mathematics, operations research, and computer science in psychology are used. Now more than thirty years old, the field has continued to grow rapidly and has taken on a life of its own. This volume summarizes recent progress in mathematical psychology as seen by some of the leading figures in the field as well as some of its leading young researchers. The papers presented in this volume reflect the most important current directions of research in mathematical psychology. They cover topics in measurement, decision and choice, psychophysics and psychometrics, knowledge representation, neural nets and learning models, and cognitive modeling. Some of the major ideas included are new applications of concepts of measurement theory to social phenomena, new directions in the theory of probabilistic choice, surprising results in nonlinear utility theory, applications of boolean methods in the theory of knowledge spaces, applications of neural net ideas to concept learning, developments in the theory of parallel processing models of response time, new results in inhibition theory, and new concepts about paired associate learning.
Book Synopsis Knowledge Spaces by : Dietrich Albert
Download or read book Knowledge Spaces written by Dietrich Albert and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1999-08-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the formal concept of "knowledge structures" originally proposed by Jean-Claude Falmagne and Jean-Paul Doignon, this book contains descriptions of methodological developments and experimental investigations as well as applications for various knowledge domains. The authors address three main topics: * theoretical issues and extensions of Doignon & Falmagne's theory of knowledge structures; * empirical validations of specific problem types and knowledge domains, such as sentence comprehension, problem solving in chess, inductive reasoning, elementary mathematical reasoning, and others; and * application of knowledge structures in various contexts, including knowledge assessment, intelligent tutoring systems, and motor learning. Unlike most other approaches in the literature in cognitive psychology, this book provides both a rigorous mathematical formulation of knowledge-related psychological concepts and its empirical validation by experimental data.
Book Synopsis Knowledge Structures by : Dietrich Albert
Download or read book Knowledge Structures written by Dietrich Albert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a sign of its times. Each one of the chapters - papers written by European authors of various backgrounds- illustrates a departure from the style of theorizing that has been prominent in the behavioral and social sciences for most of the century. Until very recently, models for behavioral phenomena were chi~fly based on numerical representations of the objects of concern, e. g. the subjects and the stimuli under study. This was due in large part to the influence of nineteenth century physics, which played the role of the successful older sister, the one that had to be imitated if one wished to be taken seriously in scientific circles. The mystical belief that there could be science only when the objects of concern were susceptible of measurement in the sense of physics was a credo that could not be violated without risks. Another, more honor able justification was that the numerical models were the only ones capable of feasible calculations. (In fact, these models were typically linear. ) An early example of such theorizing in psychology is factor analysis, which attempted to represent the results of mental tests in a real vector space of small dimen sionality, each subject being represented by a point in that space. A dimension Wa£ interpreted as a scale measuring some mental ability. The analysis was simple, and only required an electrical desk calculator (with spinning wheels), and a suitable amount of determination.
Book Synopsis Advancing Human Assessment by : Randy E. Bennett
Download or read book Advancing Human Assessment written by Randy E. Bennett and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-17 with total page 717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. This book describes the extensive contributions made toward the advancement of human assessment by scientists from one of the world’s leading research institutions, Educational Testing Service. The book’s four major sections detail research and development in measurement and statistics, education policy analysis and evaluation, scientific psychology, and validity. Many of the developments presented have become de-facto standards in educational and psychological measurement, including in item response theory (IRT), linking and equating, differential item functioning (DIF), and educational surveys like the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), the Programme of international Student Assessment (PISA), the Progress of International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) and the Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). In addition to its comprehensive coverage of contributions to the theory and methodology of educational and psychological measurement and statistics, the book gives significant attention to ETS work in cognitive, personality, developmental, and social psychology, and to education policy analysis and program evaluation. The chapter authors are long-standing experts who provide broad coverage and thoughtful insights that build upon decades of experience in research and best practices for measurement, evaluation, scientific psychology, and education policy analysis. Opening with a chapter on the genesis of ETS and closing with a synthesis of the enormously diverse set of contributions made over its 70-year history, the book is a useful resource for all interested in the improvement of human assessment.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Item Response Theory by : Wim J. van der Linden
Download or read book Handbook of Item Response Theory written by Wim J. van der Linden and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on the work of internationally acclaimed experts in the field, Handbook of Item Response Theory, Volume Two: Statistical Tools presents classical and modern statistical tools used in item response theory (IRT). While IRT heavily depends on the use of statistical tools for handling its models and applications, systematic introductions and reviews that emphasize their relevance to IRT are hardly found in the statistical literature. This second volume in a three-volume set fills this void. Volume Two covers common probability distributions, the issue of models with both intentional and nuisance parameters, the use of information criteria, methods for dealing with missing data, and model identification issues. It also addresses recent developments in parameter estimation and model fit and comparison, such as Bayesian approaches, specifically Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods.
Book Synopsis Adaptive Thinking by : Gerd Gigerenzer
Download or read book Adaptive Thinking written by Gerd Gigerenzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002-03-07 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Where do new ideas come from? What is social intelligence? Why do social scientists perform mindless statistical rituals? This vital book is about rethinking rationality as adaptive thinking: to understand how minds cope with their environments, both ecological and social. Gerd Gigerenzer proposes and illustrates a bold new research program that investigates the psychology of rationality, introducing the concepts of ecological, bounded, and social rationality. His path-breaking collection takes research on thinking, social intelligence, creativity, and decision-making out of an ethereal world where the laws of logic and probability reign, and places it into our real world of human behavior and interaction. Adaptive Thinking is accessibly written for general readers with an interest in psychology, cognitive science, economics, sociology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, and animal behavior. It also teaches a practical audience, such as physicians, AIDS counselors, and experts in criminal law, how to understand and communicate uncertainties and risks.
Book Synopsis The Shape of Reason by : Vittorio Girotto
Download or read book The Shape of Reason written by Vittorio Girotto and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, leading international cognitive psychologists elucidate and engage with the invaluable contribution of Paolo Legrenzi to the field of thinking and reasoning.
Book Synopsis Rationality for Mortals by : Gerd Gigerenzer
Download or read book Rationality for Mortals written by Gerd Gigerenzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-16 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gerd Gigerenzer's influential work examines the rationality of individuals not from the perspective of logic or probability, but from the point of view of adaptation to the real world of human behavior and interaction with the environment. Seen from this perspective, human behavior is more rational than it might otherwise appear. This work is extremely influential and has spawned an entire research program. This volume (which follows on a previous collection, Adaptive Thinking, also published by OUP) collects his most recent articles, looking at how people use "fast and frugal heuristics" to calculate probability and risk and make decisions. It includes a newly writen, substantial introduction, and the articles have been revised and updated where appropriate. This volume should appeal, like the earlier volumes, to a broad mixture of cognitive psychologists, philosophers, economists, and others who study decision making.
Book Synopsis Ecological Rationality by : Peter M. Todd
Download or read book Ecological Rationality written by Peter M. Todd and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-10 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "More information is always better, and full information is best. More computation is always better, and optimization is best." More-is-better ideals such as these have long shaped our vision of rationality. Yet humans and other animals typically rely on simple heuristics to solve adaptive problems, focusing on one or a few important cues and ignoring the rest, and shortcutting computation rather than striving for as much as possible. In this book, we argue that in an uncertain world, more information and computation are not always better, and we ask when, and why, less can be more. The answers to these questions constitute the idea of ecological rationality: how we are able to achieve intelligence in the world by using simple heuristics matched to the environments we face, exploiting the structures inherent in our physical, biological, social, and cultural surroundings.
Book Synopsis Quantified Representation of Uncertainty and Imprecision by : Dov M. Gabbay
Download or read book Quantified Representation of Uncertainty and Imprecision written by Dov M. Gabbay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-10-31 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are happy to present the first volume of the Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems. Uncertainty pervades the real world and must therefore be addressed by every system that attempts to represent reality. The representation of uncertainty is a ma jor concern of philosophers, logicians, artificial intelligence researchers and com puter sciencists, psychologists, statisticians, economists and engineers. The present Handbook volumes provide frontline coverage of this area. This Handbook was produced in the style of previous handbook series like the Handbook of Philosoph ical Logic, the Handbook of Logic in Computer Science, the Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, and can be seen as a companion to them in covering the wide applications of logic and reasoning. We hope it will answer the needs for adequate representations of uncertainty. This Handbook series grew out of the ESPRIT Basic Research Project DRUMS II, where the acronym is made out of the Handbook series title. This project was financially supported by the European Union and regroups 20 major European research teams working in the general domain of uncertainty. As a fringe benefit of the DRUMS project, the research community was able to create this Hand book series, relying on the DRUMS participants as the core of the authors for the Handbook together with external international experts.
Book Synopsis Judgment and Decision Making Under Uncertainty: Descriptive, Normative, and Prescriptive Perspectives by : David R. Mandel
Download or read book Judgment and Decision Making Under Uncertainty: Descriptive, Normative, and Prescriptive Perspectives written by David R. Mandel and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-09-26 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analyzing Within-subjects Experiments by : John W. Cotton
Download or read book Analyzing Within-subjects Experiments written by John W. Cotton and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most behavioral scientists know two important concepts -- how to analyze continuous data from randomly assigned treatment groups of subjects and how to assess practice effects for a single group of subjects given a constant treatment at each of several stages of practice. However, except in the case of the repeated measures Latin square design, researchers are not facile in analyzing data from different subjects receiving different treatments at various times in an experiment. This book helps fill the void.
Book Synopsis Simply Rational by : Gerd Gigerenzer
Download or read book Simply Rational written by Gerd Gigerenzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-03-03 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical illiteracy can have an enormously negative impact on decision making. This volume of collected papers brings together applied and theoretical research on risks and decision making across the fields of medicine, psychology, and economics. Collectively, the essays demonstrate why the frame in which statistics are communicated is essential for broader understanding and sound decision making, and that understanding risks and uncertainty has wide-reaching implications for daily life. Gerd Gigerenzer provides a lucid review and catalog of concrete instances of heuristics, or rules of thumb, that people and animals rely on to make decisions under uncertainty, explaining why these are very often more rational than probability models. After a critical look at behavioral theories that do not model actual psychological processes, the book concludes with a call for a "heuristic revolution" that will enable us to understand the ecological rationality of both statistics and heuristics, and bring a dose of sanity to the study of rationality.
Book Synopsis Serious Games Development and Applications by : Minhua Ma
Download or read book Serious Games Development and Applications written by Minhua Ma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-02-21 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Serious Games Development and Applications, SGDA 2011, held in Lisbon, Portugal in September 2011. The 13 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for publication. Among the topics addressed are virtual reality, computer assisted learning, computer graphics, tutoring systems, e-learning, e-culture, and guiding systems.
Book Synopsis Smoothing and Regression by : Michael G. Schimek
Download or read book Smoothing and Regression written by Michael G. Schimek and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-29 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive introduction to a wide variety of univariate and multivariate smoothing techniques for regression Smoothing and Regression: Approaches, Computation, and Application bridges the many gaps that exist among competing univariate and multivariate smoothing techniques. It introduces, describes, and in some cases compares a large number of the latest and most advanced techniques for regression modeling. Unlike many other volumes on this topic, which are highly technical and specialized, this book discusses all methods in light of both computational efficiency and their applicability for real data analysis. Using examples of applications from the biosciences, environmental sciences, engineering, and economics, as well as medical research and marketing, this volume addresses the theory, computation, and application of each approach. A number of the techniques discussed, such as smoothing under shape restrictions or of dependent data, are presented for the first time in book form. Special features of this book include: * Comprehensive coverage of smoothing and regression with software hints and applications from a wide variety of disciplines * A unified, easy-to-follow format * Contributions from more than 25 leading researchers from around the world * More than 150 illustrations also covering new graphical techniques important for exploratory data analysis and visualization of high-dimensional problems * Extensive end-of-chapter references For professionals and aspiring professionals in statistics, applied mathematics, computer science, and econometrics, as well as for researchers in the applied and social sciences, Smoothing and Regression is a unique and important new resource destined to become one the most frequently consulted references in the field.
Book Synopsis Transformational Public Policy by : Mark Matthews
Download or read book Transformational Public Policy written by Mark Matthews and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-10 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transformational Public Policy examines how governments can more effectively handle uncertainty and risk in an uncertain and changing world. Unpredictable and changing circumstances often bring nasty surprises that can increase waste in governance and public debt. This book illustrates how new methods derived from signal processing techniques can improve the practice of public policy by transforming it through rapid learning and adaptation. Interventions are processes of discovery, not compliance. Transformational Public Policy shows readers how the power of hypothesis testing in governance can be deployed. The book argues that public policy can be framed as tests of competing hypotheses subject to diagnostic errors. The aim is to learn how to reduce these diagnostic errors through cumulative experience. This approach can reduce the impact of negative unintended consequences -- a topic of great interest to policy makers and academics alike.
