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Contributions Of The Left And Right Hemisphere In Language
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Book Synopsis Contributions of the Left and Right Hemisphere in Language by : Celia Wild
Download or read book Contributions of the Left and Right Hemisphere in Language written by Celia Wild and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely accepted that the left hemisphere of the brain is specialised and dominant for language comprehension and production and that those with left hemisphere damage often display profound language disruption (Geschwind, 1965). The importance of the left hemisphere is shown by communication problems or extreme difficulty in producing speech following damage to this brain region. In contrast, following right hemisphere damage, disruption to language is less perceptible to the casual observer. The evidence base currently available acknowledges a critical role for the right hemisphere in processing inferred or implied information by maintaining relevant facts and/or suppressing irrelevant ones but the exact role of the right hemisphere and its coordination with the left is open for debate (Johns, Tooley and Traxler, 2008). Two theories have been proposed to explain communication/language difficulties in individuals with right hemisphere damage: (i) the "coarse semantic coding" hypothesis and (ii) the "suppression deficit" hypothesis. The "coarse semantic coding" hypothesis proposes that damage to the right hemisphere causes an over reliance on fine coding assumed to be undertaken by the left hemisphere in the comprehension of language, implying the recall of most literal interpretations. The "suppression deficit" hypothesis proposes that damage in the right hemisphere means multiple activations of meanings of words are not attenuated leading to ineffective suppression of inappropriate interpretations. This project investigated competing evidence for each of these hypotheses by studying the processing abilities of individuals with depressed unilateral brain function caused by stroke or innovatively produced by transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS), on semantic judgement tasks using metaphorical language. The results demonstrated the strongest of evidence for the coarse semantic coding hypothesis when the data from participants with damage to the right hemisphere, both caused by stroke and simulated by tDCS was considered. Overall, the study has furthered the understanding of the role of the right hemisphere in language comprehension and demonstrated the contribution of the tDCS methodology in the field.
Book Synopsis The Temporal Contributions of the Left and Right Hemispheres in the Processing of Nonliteral Language by : Elizabeth Oster Samimi
Download or read book The Temporal Contributions of the Left and Right Hemispheres in the Processing of Nonliteral Language written by Elizabeth Oster Samimi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Right Hemisphere Contributions to Lexical Semantics by : Christine Chiarello
Download or read book Right Hemisphere Contributions to Lexical Semantics written by Christine Chiarello and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language depends on a normally functioning left hemisphere. This central fact of human cerebral dominance was well established by 19th century aphasiologists and has been repeatedly confirmed by subsequent investiga tions. Predominance, however, does not imply exclusivity. As demonstrated by the commissurotomy patients studied by Eran Zaidel and associates, the right hemisphere is also capable of subserving some linguistic functions. The question, then, is not whether the right hemisphere can process language, but how and when it does so. This volume focuses on the right hemisphere's contribution to one important aspect oflanguage, lexical semantics. Although the right hemisphere may well be involved in other linguistic functions, such as prosody, the greatest evidence for right hemisphere language competence has been obtained for the processing of word meanings. In addition, cognitive psychology and psycho linguistics have provided us with well-developed models of the lexicon and lexical access to guide our inquiry. Finally, there are techniques available for studying lateralized lexical processing in the normal as well as in the brain injured hemispheres. For these reasons, a focus on the lexicon is likely to yield the greatest number of insights about right-hemisphere language processing.
Book Synopsis Right Hemisphere Language Comprehension by : Mark Jung Beeman
Download or read book Right Hemisphere Language Comprehension written by Mark Jung Beeman and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The statement, "The Right Hemisphere (RH) processes language"--while not exactly revolutionary--still provokes vigorous debate. It often elicits the argument that anything the RH does with language is not linguistic but "paralinguistic." The resistance to the notion of RH language processing persists despite the fact that even the earliest observers of Left Hemisphere (LH) language specialization posited some role for the RH in language processing, and evidence attesting to various RH language processes has steadily accrued for more than 30 years. In this volume, chapters pertain to a wide, but by no means, exhaustive set of language comprehension processes for which RH contributions have been demonstrated. The sections are organized around these processes, beginning with initial decoding of written or spoken input, proceeding through semantic processing of single words and sentences, up to comprehension of more complex discourse, as well as problem solving. The chapters assembled here should begin to melt this resistance to evidence of RH language processing. This volume's main goal is to compile evidence about RH language function from a scattered literature. The editorial commentaries concluding each section highlight the relevance of these phenomena for psycholinguistic and neuropsychological theory, and discuss similarities and apparent discrepancies in the findings reported in individual chapters. In the final chapter, common themes that emerge from the enterprise of studying RH language and future challenge for the field are reviewed. Although all chapters focus only on "typical" laterality of right handed people, this work provides a representative sample of the current state of the art in RH language research. Important features include: * a wide range of coverage from speech perception and reading through complex discourse comprehension and problem-solving; * research presented from both empirical and theoretical perspectives; and * commentaries and conclusions integrating findings and theories across sub-domains, and speculating on future directions of the field.
Book Synopsis Discovering the Brain by : National Academy of Sciences
Download or read book Discovering the Brain written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."
Book Synopsis Language Functions and Brain Organization by : S. J. Segalowitz
Download or read book Language Functions and Brain Organization written by S. J. Segalowitz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-19 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language Functions and Brain Organization
Book Synopsis Investigating the Contribution of the Right Hemisphere to Language Processing in the Damaged and Healthy Brain by : Andrea E. Gajardo-Vidal
Download or read book Investigating the Contribution of the Right Hemisphere to Language Processing in the Damaged and Healthy Brain written by Andrea E. Gajardo-Vidal and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acquired language disorders after stroke are strongly associated with left hemisphere damage. When language difficulties are observed after right hemisphere damage, patients are commonly considered to have atypical functional anatomy (i.e. crossed aphasia). On the other hand, fMRI studies have reported right hemisphere activation when neurologically-normal participants perform language tasks, and have shown that the right hemisphere contributes to recovery of language function after left hemisphere damage. In this thesis I investigated (i) the degree to which language difficulties after right hemisphere stroke can reflect disruption to typical functional anatomy and (ii) how the damaged areas contribute to normal language processing. In Study 1 (Chapter 3), I investigated a group of patients with unilateral strokes that damaged either the right or the left hemisphere. The most frequently impaired language task was auditory sentence-to-picture matching after right hemisphere strokes, and spoken picture description after left hemisphere strokes. In 9 right hemisphere stroke patients, performance on the auditory sentence-to-picture matching task was selectively impaired and could not be explained by poor perceptual (visual or auditory) or linguistic processing (semantic, phonological or syntactic). I therefore hypothesised that the behavioural difficulties experienced by those patients arose as a consequence of impaired non-linguistic executive functions that are needed to support language processes. In Study 2 (Chapter 4), I investigated the lesions of the 9 patients with selective deficits in the auditory sentence-to-picture matching task, and found that they had significantly more damage to subcortical regions and parts of the superior longitudinal fasciculus impinging on the right inferior frontal sulcus compared to other right hemisphere stroke patients who were not impaired on the sentence comprehension task. Having identified these regions, their function (e.g. linguistic or executive) can be investigated using functional neuroimaging in neurologically-normal participants. In Study 3 (Chapter 5), I used fMRI to investigate whether any parts of the right hemisphere regions associated with impaired sentence comprehension, in Study 2, were activated when neurologically-normal participants performed similar language tasks to those administered to right hemisphere stroke patients in Study 1 (including the auditory sentence-to-picture matching task). I found that, within the brain areas derived from Study 2, the right inferior frontal sulcus and right mediodorsal thalamus were normally activated by auditory sentence-to-picture matching but there was no evidence that these regions were exclusively performing linguistic functions. In Study 4 (Chapter 6), I investigated the contribution of the identified regions further by using a new fMRI study of one-back matching tasks that varied demands on semantic and non-semantic working memory. By systematically integrating neuropsychological, lesion and fMRI data, I conclude that the right inferior frontal cortex and right mediodorsal thalamus contribute to non-semantic working memory capacity that is needed to accurately perform a range of language functions. This account helps to explain why auditory sentence-to-picture matching impairments occur after right hemisphere damage.
Book Synopsis The Linguistic Cerebellum by : Peter Mariën
Download or read book The Linguistic Cerebellum written by Peter Mariën and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-09-07 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Linguistic Cerebellum provides a comprehensive analysis of this unique part of the brain that has the most number of neurons, each operating in distinct networks to perform diverse functions. This book outlines how those distinct networks operate in relation to non-motor language skills. Coverage includes cerebellar anatomy and function in relation to speech perception, speech planning, verbal fluency, grammar processing, and reading and writing, along with a discussion of language disorders. Discusses the neurobiology of cerebellar language functions, encompassing both normal language function and language disorders Includes speech perception, processing, and planning Contains cerebellar function in reading and writing Explores how language networks give insight to function elsewhere in the brain
Book Synopsis Micro-, Meso- and Macro-Connectomics of the Brain by : Henry Kennedy
Download or read book Micro-, Meso- and Macro-Connectomics of the Brain written by Henry Kennedy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-10 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has brought together leading investigators who work in the new arena of brain connectomics. This includes ‘macro-connectome’ efforts to comprehensively chart long-distance pathways and functional networks; ‘micro-connectome’ efforts to identify every neuron, axon, dendrite, synapse, and glial process within restricted brain regions; and ‘meso-connectome’ efforts to systematically map both local and long-distance connections using anatomical tracers. This book highlights cutting-edge methods that can accelerate progress in elucidating static ‘hard-wired’ circuits of the brain as well as dynamic interactions that are vital for brain function. The power of connectomic approaches in characterizing abnormal circuits in the many brain disorders that afflict humankind is considered. Experts in computational neuroscience and network theory provide perspectives needed for synthesizing across different scales in space and time. Altogether, this book provides an integrated view of the challenges and opportunities in deciphering brain circuits in health and disease.
Download or read book Anomia written by Harold Goodglass and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1997-06-05 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anomia is the inability to access spoken names for objects, most often associated with the elderly or those with brain damage to the left hemisphere. Anomia offers the state-of-the-art review of disorders of naming, written by acknowledged experts from around the world, approached from both clinical and theoretical viewpoints. Goodglass, known around the world for his research in aphasia and speech pathology, edits this first book devoted exclusively to naming and its disorders. Wingfield is known for his classic studies of lexical processing in aphasic and normal speakers. The book includes comprehensive literature reviews, a summary of relevant research data, as well as astudy of recent advances in cognitive analysis and anatomic findings. Anomia is an immensely useful work for all those involved in the study of language, particularly those in cognitive neuroscience, neurology, speech pathology, and linguistics. Devoted entirely to naming and its disorders Includes up-to-date descriptions of advances in cognitive analysis Contains approaches from both clinical and theoretical viewpoints Brings together the top researchers from the U.S., England, and Italy
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Neuroscience by : Oxford University Press
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Neuroscience written by Oxford University Press and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive neuroscience has grown into a rich and complex discipline, some 35 years after the term was coined. Given the great expanse of the field, an inclusive and authoritative resource such as this handbook is needed for examining the current state-of-the-science in cognitive neuroscience. Spread across two volumes, the 59 chapters included in this handbook systemically survey all aspects of cognitive neuroscience spanning perception, attention, memory, language, emotion, self and social cognition, higher cognitive functions, and clinical applications.
Book Synopsis Compositionality and Concepts in Linguistics and Psychology by : James A. Hampton
Download or read book Compositionality and Concepts in Linguistics and Psychology written by James A. Hampton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By highlighting relations between experimental and theoretical work, this volume explores new ways of addressing one of the central challenges in the study of language and cognition. The articles bring together work by leading scholars and younger researchers in psychology, linguistics and philosophy. An introductory chapter lays out the background on concept composition, a problem that is stimulating much new research in cognitive science. Researchers in this interdisciplinary domain aim to explain how meanings of complex expressions are derived from simple lexical concepts and to show how these meanings connect to concept representations. Traditionally, much of the work on concept composition has been carried out within separate disciplines, where cognitive psychologists have concentrated on concept representations, and linguists and philosophers have focused on the meaning and use of logical operators. This volume demonstrates an important change in this situation, where convergence points between these three disciplines in cognitive science are emerging and are leading to new findings and theoretical insights. This book is open access under a CC BY license.
Book Synopsis Language and the Brain by : Loraine K. Obler
Download or read book Language and the Brain written by Loraine K. Obler and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to neurolinguistics showing how language is organized in the brain.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Neurological Speech and Language Disorders by : Howard S. Kirshner
Download or read book Handbook of Neurological Speech and Language Disorders written by Howard S. Kirshner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-11-11 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brings together current research in acquired speech and language disorders, describing the typical features, associated neurological signs and psychiatric aspects of each aphasic syndrome. Basic knowledge of language and speech disorders is reviewed. language pathologists, neuropsychologists, neurolinguists, psychiatrists, physical and occupational therapists and rehabilitation nurses; and upper-level undergraduate, graduate and medical school students in these disciplines.
Book Synopsis The Master and His Emissary by : Iain McGilchrist
Download or read book The Master and His Emissary written by Iain McGilchrist and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-26 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new edition of the bestselling classic – published with a special introduction to mark its 10th anniversary This pioneering account sets out to understand the structure of the human brain – the place where mind meets matter. Until recently, the left hemisphere of our brain has been seen as the ‘rational’ side, the superior partner to the right. But is this distinction true? Drawing on a vast body of experimental research, Iain McGilchrist argues while our left brain makes for a wonderful servant, it is a very poor master. As he shows, it is the right side which is the more reliable and insightful. Without it, our world would be mechanistic – stripped of depth, colour and value.
Book Synopsis The Focusing Hypothesis by : Alison Wray
Download or read book The Focusing Hypothesis written by Alison Wray and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1992 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the nature of the control of language processing by the hemispheres of the neocortex. The author expounds a novel hypothesis, The Focusing Hypothesis, which holds that language processing in the brain is achieved through analytic and holistic systems, the former through left and the latter through right hemisphere processing. This hypothesis differs from current thinking in so far as it proposes that the involvement of the two systems (and two hemispheres) depends on the strategy selected by the speaker and that the engagement by one hemisphere over another will depend upon the communicative intent of the speaker and the propositionality of the utterance under production.Throughout the book there are useful and important discussions on such topics as the value of laboratory-based psycholinguistic experiments given their tendency to encourage a metalinguistic strategy on the part of subjects, the nature of propositionality in language and brain and the difficulties of testing this hypothesis given the research approaches currently available.The Focusing Hypothesis is tested by comprehensive review of the existing experimental psycholinguistic, neuropsychological and neurophysiological literature, and a range of predictions which follow from the hypothesis are detailed.
Book Synopsis How People Learn by : National Research Council
Download or read book How People Learn written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-11 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First released in the Spring of 1999, How People Learn has been expanded to show how the theories and insights from the original book can translate into actions and practice, now making a real connection between classroom activities and learning behavior. This edition includes far-reaching suggestions for research that could increase the impact that classroom teaching has on actual learning. Like the original edition, this book offers exciting new research about the mind and the brain that provides answers to a number of compelling questions. When do infants begin to learn? How do experts learn and how is this different from non-experts? What can teachers and schools do-with curricula, classroom settings, and teaching methodsâ€"to help children learn most effectively? New evidence from many branches of science has significantly added to our understanding of what it means to know, from the neural processes that occur during learning to the influence of culture on what people see and absorb. How People Learn examines these findings and their implications for what we teach, how we teach it, and how we assess what our children learn. The book uses exemplary teaching to illustrate how approaches based on what we now know result in in-depth learning. This new knowledge calls into question concepts and practices firmly entrenched in our current education system. Topics include: How learning actually changes the physical structure of the brain. How existing knowledge affects what people notice and how they learn. What the thought processes of experts tell us about how to teach. The amazing learning potential of infants. The relationship of classroom learning and everyday settings of community and workplace. Learning needs and opportunities for teachers. A realistic look at the role of technology in education.
