Professional Development for Language Teachers

Download Professional Development for Language Teachers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 052184911X
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Professional Development for Language Teachers by : Jack C. Richards

Download or read book Professional Development for Language Teachers written by Jack C. Richards and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-04-04 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This much-needed text provides a coherent and strategic approach to teacher development Teacher Development for Language Teachers examines ten different approaches for facilitating professional development in language teaching: self-monitoring, support groups, journal writing, classroom observation, teaching portfolios, analysis of critical incidents, case analysis, peer coaching, team teaching, and action research. The introductory chapter provides a conceptual framework. All chapters contain practical examples and reflection questions to help readers apply the approach in their own teaching context.

Continuing Professional Development of English Language Teachers

Download Continuing Professional Development of English Language Teachers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789811950704
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (57 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Continuing Professional Development of English Language Teachers by : Senkamalam Periyasamy Dhanavel

Download or read book Continuing Professional Development of English Language Teachers written by Senkamalam Periyasamy Dhanavel and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive understanding of India's continuing professional development (CPD) landscape. It examines the issues surrounding the professional development of English language teachers in India at the tertiary level from multiple perspectives. Further, it evaluates various models of continuing professional learning (CPL) and emphasizes the transformative model as a solution to the social, administrative, or other impediments teachers encounter in their lives. Importantly, it presents examples, solving academic and non-academic problems in formal and informal, and face-face and technology-mediated forms of teaching and learning by teachers of English in different contexts. It discusses the latest developments in the literature related to the transformative and reflective approach to classroom problems faced by teachers on the ground such as classroom environment, students' socio-economic background, teachers education, and teacher assessment. Also, it positions continuing professional development (CPD) as having transformative power in teaching English in India and how it can improve students' learning opportunities. The book is relevant to English language teachers, teacher educators, and researchers in India and across the globe to address significant issues in the field: how to handle every classroom situation and how to train oneself as a teacher as well as a teacher educator.

Exploratory Practice for Continuing Professional Development

Download Exploratory Practice for Continuing Professional Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319697633
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Exploratory Practice for Continuing Professional Development by : Assia Slimani-Rolls

Download or read book Exploratory Practice for Continuing Professional Development written by Assia Slimani-Rolls and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-09 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the use of Exploratory Practice (EP) as a tool for Continuing Professional Development (CPD) by language teachers, and responds to the increasing demand for teachers to engage in research. It presents the results of a unique two-year longitudinal study that critically examines the implementation of EP by teachers of English and modern foreign languages. Through these case studies, the authors provide a critical account of EP as a form of practitioner research that bridges the divide between theory and practice. It emphasizes the centrality of teacher and learner learning in language education curriculum improvement, and gives a voice to teachers’ perspectives on using EP in the classroom. This book will be of interest to language education professionals and scholars working in Applied Linguistics and Language Education.

Continuing Professional Development of English Language Teachers

Download Continuing Professional Development of English Language Teachers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811950695
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Continuing Professional Development of English Language Teachers by : Senkamalam Periyasamy Dhanavel

Download or read book Continuing Professional Development of English Language Teachers written by Senkamalam Periyasamy Dhanavel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-13 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive understanding of India's continuing professional development (CPD) landscape. It examines the issues surrounding the professional development of English language teachers in India at the tertiary level from multiple perspectives. Further, it evaluates various models of continuing professional learning (CPL) and emphasizes the transformative model as a solution to the social, administrative, or other impediments teachers encounter in their lives. Importantly, it presents examples, solving academic and non-academic problems in formal and informal, and face-face and technology-mediated forms of teaching and learning by teachers of English in different contexts. It discusses the latest developments in the literature related to the transformative and reflective approach to classroom problems faced by teachers on the ground such as classroom environment, students' socio-economic background, teachers education, and teacher assessment. Also, it positions continuing professional development (CPD) as having transformative power in teaching English in India and how it can improve students' learning opportunities. The book is relevant to English language teachers, teacher educators, and researchers in India and across the globe to address significant issues in the field: how to handle every classroom situation and how to train oneself as a teacher as well as a teacher educator.

The Fourth Way

Download The Fourth Way PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Corwin Press
ISBN 13 : 1452273766
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Fourth Way by : Andy Hargreaves

Download or read book The Fourth Way written by Andy Hargreaves and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2009-08-11 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Andy Hargreaves and Dennis Shirley, always one or two steps ahead of the field, have done it again. An extremely balanced and insightful treatment of the first three ways of change, in which the authors clearly display the strengths and limitations of each model. And then they go to town in mapping out the fourth way—a concise and compelling framework for change that integrates teacher professionalism, community engagement, government policy, and accountability. The Fourth Way is itself a powerful ′catalyst for coherence′ in a field that badly needs guidance. Read the book and rethink your approach to educational reform." —Michael Fullan, Educational Consultant Author, The Challenge of School Change A compelling approach to lasting educational change informed by lessons learned and new successes worldwide! In an expressive and absorbing style, this penetrating volume offers a plan for viable and sustainable educational reform that reflects research on traditional methods and new findings from successful school initiatives around the globe. Beginning with an incisive analysis of the three major educational change efforts of the past 25 years, Andy Hargreaves and Dennis Shirley offer a plan that integrates government policy, professional involvement, and public engagement to create an environment of greater inclusiveness, security, and humanity. Drawing on "Four Horizons of Hope"—examples of promising implementation and practice—the book demonstrates how districts and schools can achieve dramatic improvement built on: Six Pillars of Purpose that support change Three Principles of Professionalism that drive change Four Catalysts of Coherence that sustain change Written for educators, consultants, and administrators at the school and district level, The Fourth Way represents an innovative vision of educational change for meeting the dramatic problems and dynamic challenges facing educators in the 21st century.

Cambridge Guide to Second Language Teacher Education

Download Cambridge Guide to Second Language Teacher Education PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107376459
Total Pages : 731 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (73 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cambridge Guide to Second Language Teacher Education by : Anne Burns

Download or read book Cambridge Guide to Second Language Teacher Education written by Anne Burns and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-23 with total page 731 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection provides an overview of current issues, debates, and approaches in Second Language Teacher Education (SLTE) presented by internationally prominent researchers, educators, and emerging scholars. Chapters address such issues as distance education, non-native English-speaking educators, technology, assessment, standards, and the changing contexts of contemporary language teaching and teacher education.

Research Questions in Language Education and Applied Linguistics

Download Research Questions in Language Education and Applied Linguistics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030791432
Total Pages : 814 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Research Questions in Language Education and Applied Linguistics by : Hassan Mohebbi

Download or read book Research Questions in Language Education and Applied Linguistics written by Hassan Mohebbi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-13 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume encompasses the range of research questions on language-related problems that arise in language teaching, learning and assessment. The [150] chapters are written by experts in the field who each offer their insights into current and future directions of research, and who suggest several highly relevant research questions. Topics include, but are not limited to: language skills teaching, language skills assessment and testing, measurement, feedback, discourse analysis, pragmatics, semantics, language learning through technology, CALL, MALL, ESP, EAP, ERPP, TBLT, materials development, genre analysis, needs analysis, corpus, content-based language teaching, language teaching and learning strategies, individual differences, research methods, classroom research, form-focused instruction, age effects, literacy, proficiency, and teacher education and teacher development. The book serves as a reference and offers inspiration to researchers and students in language education. An important skill in reviewing the research literature is following a study’s “plan of attack.” Broadly, this means that before accepting and acting upon the findings, one considers a) the research question (Is it clear and focused? Measurable?), b) the subjects examined, the methods deployed, and the measures chosen (Do they fit the study’s goal and have the potential to yield useful results?), and c) the analysis of the data (Do the data lead to the discussion presented? Has the author reasonably interpreted results to reach the conclusion?). Mohebbi and Coombe’s book, Research Questions in Language Education and Applied Linguistics: A Reference Guide, helps budding researchers take the first step and develop a solid research question. As the field of language education evolves, we need continual research to improve our instructional and assessment practices and our understanding of the learners’ language learning processes. This book with its remarkable 150 topics and 10 times the number of potential research questions provides a wealth of ideas that will help early career researchers conduct studies that move our field forward and grow our knowledge base. Deborah J. Short, Ph.D., Director, Academic Language Research & Training, Past President, TESOL International Association (2021-22) As a teacher in graduate programs in TESOL I frequently come across the frustration of students at centering their research interests on a particular topic and developing research questions which are worth pursuing so as to make a contribution to the field. This frustration stems from the fact that our field is so vast and interrelated, that it is often impossible to properly address all that interests them. Hence, I wholeheartedly welcome this most relevant and innovative addition to the research literature in the field of TESOL and Applied Linguistics. Coombe and Mohebbi have created a real tour de force that stands to inform budding researchers in the field for many years to come. Additionally, the cutting-edge depiction of the field and all it has to offer will no doubt update the research agendas of many seasoned researchers around the world. The 150 chapters are organized in a most powerful, yet, deceptively simple way offering a positioning within the topic, suggesting questions that might direct inquiry and offering a basic set of bibliographic tools to start the reader in the path towards research. What is more, the nine sections in which the chapters are organized leave no area of the field unexplored. Dr. Gabriel Díaz Maggioli, Academic Advisor, Institute of Education, Universidad ORT del Uruguay, President, IATEFL

Continuing Professional Development of TESOL Practitioners

Download Continuing Professional Development of TESOL Practitioners PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031426754
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (314 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Continuing Professional Development of TESOL Practitioners by : Andrzej Cirocki

Download or read book Continuing Professional Development of TESOL Practitioners written by Andrzej Cirocki and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-29 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook serves as a current and comprehensive resource on effective Continuing Professional Development (CPD) for TESOL practitioners in various contexts around the world at various stages in their careers. The practices described by language teachers, teacher educators and professional development providers in this book offer a vision of critical issues to consider when designing and evaluating professional development opportunities. Effective professional development requires careful planning informed by the realities of the local context and the specific needs of the teachers. This textbook is designed to support those who provide professional development opportunities by presenting global perspectives on professional development for a range of teaching contexts at different language levels. Each chapter includes a discussion about the type and source of support available in the given context, as well as a reflection on the challenges that exist for both teachers and CPD providers. These insights serve to help CPD designers and providers as they problematize teacher development opportunities in their context. Each chapter concludes with a synthesis of the strengths of CPD in the local context and a discussion of future directions that target opportunities for transformation and improvement. This volume celebrates teachers, teacher educators and CPD providers around the world. High-impact practices are presented from fifteen countries: Cameroon, Canada, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malta, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Qatar, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Tanzania and the United States of America.

A History of IATEFL

Download A History of IATEFL PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781901095944
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (959 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A History of IATEFL by : Shelagh Rixon

Download or read book A History of IATEFL written by Shelagh Rixon and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Digital Language Learning and Teaching

Download Digital Language Learning and Teaching PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1315523280
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (155 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Digital Language Learning and Teaching by : Michael Carrier

Download or read book Digital Language Learning and Teaching written by Michael Carrier and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This carefully balanced set of studies and practitioner research projects carried out in various learning contexts around the world highlights cutting-edge research in the use of digital learning technologies in language classrooms and in online learning. Providing an overview of recent developments in the application of educational technology to language learning and teaching, it looks at the experience of researchers and practitioners in both formal and informal (self-study) learning contexts, bringing readers up to date with this rapidly changing field and the latest developments in research, theory, and practice at both classroom and education system levels.

Facilitating In-Service Teacher Training for Professional Development

Download Facilitating In-Service Teacher Training for Professional Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1522517480
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Facilitating In-Service Teacher Training for Professional Development by : Dikilita?, Kenan

Download or read book Facilitating In-Service Teacher Training for Professional Development written by Dikilita?, Kenan and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2016-12-12 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As new trends emerge in the realm of education, instructors are faced with the task of continuing development in order to stay up to date on the latest teaching methodologies for both virtual and face-to-face education. Facilitating In-Service Teacher Training for Professional Development is a pivotal reference source for the latest research on the scenarios faced by in-service educators, uncovering models, recent trends, and perceptions of in-service teacher training. Featuring extensive coverage across a range of relevant perspectives, such as teacher identity, collaborative teacher development, and exploratory practice, this book is ideally designed for researchers, practitioners, and professionals seeking current research on the need for continuing development in teacher education.

Succeed in TEFL - Continuing Professional Development

Download Succeed in TEFL - Continuing Professional Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Teach Yourself
ISBN 13 : 1444796070
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (447 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Succeed in TEFL - Continuing Professional Development by : David Riddell

Download or read book Succeed in TEFL - Continuing Professional Development written by David Riddell and published by Teach Yourself. This book was released on 2015-10-08 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ultimate guide for developing your career as an English teacher. Succeed in TEFL is packed with information on how to develop within the profession including chapters on: -getting the most out of observations -teaching exam classes -becoming a trainer -doing action research -using online resources -becoming a manager -and much more! This is an indispensable book for all EFL teachers: a conclusive guide to making the most of your teaching experience and moving ahead in your career. The author draws on his wealth of knowledge in the fields of teaching, training and management to address the key issues facing today's EFL teachers. Also included is a range of case studies and interviews from teachers with experience of working in different countries and contexts. These bring fresh insight to the topics, which combined with numerous tasks, makes this an engaging and practical Continuing Professional Development (CPD) handbook. This book is ideal for teachers looking for new ways to develop their expertise as well as academic managers wanting fresh ideas on how to foster Continuing Processional Development (CPD) in their staff. Rely on Teach Yourself, trusted by learners for over 75 years.

The Routledge Handbook of English Language Teacher Education

Download The Routledge Handbook of English Language Teacher Education PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317335201
Total Pages : 708 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of English Language Teacher Education by : Steve Walsh

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of English Language Teacher Education written by Steve Walsh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-03 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of English Language Teacher Education provides an accessible, authoritative, comprehensive and up-to-date resource of English language teacher education. With an overview of historical issues, theoretical frameworks and current debates, this handbook provides unique insights into a range of teacher education contexts, focusing on key issues relating to teacher and learner priorities, language and communication, current practices, reflective practice, and research. Key features include: a cross-section of current theories, practices and issues, providing readers with a resource which can be used in a variety of contexts; the use of data, transcripts and tasks to highlight and illustrate a range of practices, including examples of ‘best practice’; ‘snapshots’ of ELTE from a number of contexts taken from all around the world; and examples of current technological advances, contemporary thinking on reflective practice, and insights gained from recent research. This wide-ranging and international collection of chapters has been written by leading experts in the field. The Routledge Handbook of English Language Teacher Education is sure to be core reading for students, researchers and educators in applied linguistics, TESOL and language education.

The Professional Development of Teacher Educators

Download The Professional Development of Teacher Educators PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317983270
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (179 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Professional Development of Teacher Educators by : Tony Bates

Download or read book The Professional Development of Teacher Educators written by Tony Bates and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book makes a significant contribution to a hitherto much neglected area. The book brings together a wide range of papers on a scale rarely seen with a geographic spread that enhances our understanding of the complex journey undertaken by those who aspire to become teachers of teachers. The authors, from more than ten countries, use a variety of approaches including narrative/life history, self-study and empirical research to demonstrate the complexity of the transformative search by individuals to establish their professional identity as teacher educators. The book offers fundamental and thoughtful critiques of current policy, practice and examples of established structures specifically supporting the professional development of teacher educators that may well have a wider applicability. Many of the authors are active and leading persons in the international fields of teacher education and of professional development. The book considers: novice teacher educators, issues of transition; identity development including research identity; the facilitation and mentoring of teacher educators; self-study research including collaborative writing, use of stories; professional development within the context of curriculum and structural reform. Becoming a teacher is recognised as a transformative search by individuals for their teaching identities. Becoming a teacher educator often involves a more complex and longer journey but, according to the many travel stories told here, one that can be a deeply satisfying experience. This book was published as a special issue of Professional Development in Education.

Professional Development of English Language Teachers in Asia

Download Professional Development of English Language Teachers in Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131541323X
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Professional Development of English Language Teachers in Asia by : Kayoko Hashimoto

Download or read book Professional Development of English Language Teachers in Asia written by Kayoko Hashimoto and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-16 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why has English language proficiency in Japan remained so low in comparison to other Asian countries? Has Vietnam attempted to improve English language teaching because ASEAN has adopted English as its working language? Why do English language teachers struggle with curriculum changes imposed by governments in order to make them competitive in the international community? Do professional development (PD) programs actually meet the needs of teachers? This book addresses issues surrounding these questions by examining how the Japanese and Vietnamese governments have approached and defined the PD of English language teachers and how such PD programs have been delivered. It further analyses the impact of policy changes on individual teachers and explores how PD can help teachers to implement such changes effectively at the micro-level. PD of language teachers or language teacher education is relatively new as a field of inquiry in Applied Linguistics. By including case studies of Japan and Vietnam in the one volume, this book embarks on the challenging task of demonstrating that PD is an essential element of the successful implementation of language policies in Asia, where World Englishes have been shaped by distinct local contexts.

International Handbook On The Continuing Professional Development Of Teachers

Download International Handbook On The Continuing Professional Development Of Teachers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
ISBN 13 : 0335220258
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (352 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Handbook On The Continuing Professional Development Of Teachers by : Day, Christopher

Download or read book International Handbook On The Continuing Professional Development Of Teachers written by Day, Christopher and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2005-12-01 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Christopher Day and Judyth Sachs have done a remarkable job of pulling together an outstanding collection of essays on professional development that reflect its stunning diversity in different regions around the world. They have done for readers what no one else has accomplished in nearly a quarter century: Combine in a single volume a clear and concise description of professional development's past, present, and projected future internationally." Thomas R. Guskey, University of Kentucky. "an engaging text through out and can be dipped in to or read from beginning to end... The editors and authors of this book have done a great service to teachers and professional development educators worldwide" Journal of Inservice Education This Handbook brings together theoretical and empirical research on purposes, policies and practices of teachers' continuing professional development (CPD) over the last twenty years. It provides a unique collection of regional writing from key professionals in different regions of the world, featuring: A review of current CPD literature Discussion of the politics, policies and purposes of CPD Case studies from Europe, USA, Australia, Asia, Africa and South America A synthesis of research and future research possibilities The book comprises a fascinating mix of conceptual framing, accounts of purposes and practices, case studies and analyses of best practice from a range of highly regarded writers in the field. It is an indispensable source book for policy makers and teachers at all levels of the education systems. Contributors: Beatrice Avalos, Ray Bolam, Pam Christie, Marion Dadds, Christopher Day, John Elliott, Susan Groundwater-Smith, Shirley Grundy, Ken Harley, Alma Harris, Geert Kelchtermans, Geoff Lindsay, Judith Warren Little, Agnes McMahon, Daniel Muijs, Alan Penny, Judith Robison, Judyth Sachs, Ciaran Sugrue, David Tripp

Teacher Awareness as Professional Development

Download Teacher Awareness as Professional Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030884007
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Teacher Awareness as Professional Development by : Nami Sakamoto

Download or read book Teacher Awareness as Professional Development written by Nami Sakamoto and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-08 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the process of identity (re)construction for assistant language teachers (ALTs) in foreign language classrooms in Japan, using Narrative Inquiry as a tool to provide a multifaceted perspective on their personal and professional growth. To develop a thorough understanding of the classroom, the author proposes three different types of awareness from the perspective of sociocultural theory. Each type of awareness is a unique lens through which to see the teachers’ world of language teaching within the classroom. Finally, the book discusses teacher development, teaching theory, and identity based on analysis of the narrative data. The book offers useful pedagogical insights that may have implications for teacher development and principles of language team teaching for teachers, teacher trainers, ALTs, boards of education, and university students of English and language education, including English as a Foreign Language (EFL).