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Contingencies Of Reinforcement Softcover
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Book Synopsis Contingencies of Reinforcement by : B. F. Skinner
Download or read book Contingencies of Reinforcement written by B. F. Skinner and published by B. F. Skinner Foundation. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: B. F. Skinner titled this book, Contingencies of Reinforcement, after the heart of his science of behavior. Contingencies relate classes of actions to postcedent events and to the contexts in which those action-postcedent relations occur. The basic processes seem straightforward, but many people do not know or understand the underlying theory. Skinner believed that ‘a theory is essential to the scientific understanding of behavior as a subject matter”. This book presents some of Skinner’s most sophisticated statements about theoretical issues. To his original articles, he added notes to clarify and expand subtle points. The book thus provides an overview of Skinner’s thinking about theory and the philosophy underpinning the science he began.
Book Synopsis Schedules of Reinforcement by : B. F. Skinner
Download or read book Schedules of Reinforcement written by B. F. Skinner and published by B. F. Skinner Foundation. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contingent relationship between actions and their consequences lies at the heart of Skinner’s experimental analysis of behavior. Particular patterns of behavior emerge depending upon the contingencies established. Ferster and Skinner examined the effects of different schedules of reinforcement on behavior. An extraordinary work, Schedules of Reinforcement represents over 70,000 hours of research primarily with pigeons, though the principles have now been experimentally verified with many species including human beings. At first glance, the book appears to be an atlas of schedules. And so it is, the most exhaustive in existence. But it is also a reminder of the power of describing and explaining behavior through an analysis of measurable and manipulative behavior-environment relations without appealing to physiological mechanisms in the brain. As en exemplar and source for the further study of behavioral phenomena, the book illustrates the scientific philosophy that Skinner and Ferster adopted: that a science is best built from the ground up, from a firm foundation of facts that can eventually be summarized as scientific laws.
Download or read book The Behavior Therapist written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis by :
Download or read book Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Contingencies of Reinforcement by : B.F. Skinner
Download or read book Contingencies of Reinforcement written by B.F. Skinner and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning by : W.W. Henton
Download or read book Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning written by W.W. Henton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the appearance of the treatise on "Schedules of Reinforcement" by Ferster and Skinner over two decades ago, the literature in behavior analysis, both experimental and applied, has been dominated by a range of studies dedi cated to providing ever more systematic and refined accounts of these "mainsprings of behavior control. " For the most part, the analysis has been pursued in the best traditions of "scientific methodology" with careful atten tion to the isolation of controlling variables in unitary form. Of late, relatively simple interaction effects have provided an important additional focus for more sophisticated analyses. It is clear, however, from even a cursory survey of the monumental research and conceptual analysis which is represented in this scholarly volume by Henton and Iversen that the surface ofthis complex "be havioral interactions" domain has barely been scratched. The primary focus of this pioneering effort extends the competing response analysis across all experimental schedules, both classical and instrumental, as well as the interactions between the two. Appropriately, the analysis empha sizes overt behavioral interactions, beginning with the simplest case of one operant and one respondent, and inevitably implicating more diverse and subtle interactions. As the analysis expands to include interactions between multiple recorded responses, increasingly more precise empirical specifications ofrecip rocal interactions in response probabilities are revealed independently of con ventional procedural labels (i. e. , operants, respondents, collaterals, adjunc tives, etc. ) and traditional theoretical distinctions.
Book Synopsis Behavior Management by : Jennifer D. Walker
Download or read book Behavior Management written by Jennifer D. Walker and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2020-08-12 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children and teens are simultaneously complex and predictable. Behavior theory and research can provide ways of predicting behaviors and designing classroom structures that benefit all students. Behavior Management: Systems, Classrooms, and Individuals is a highly readable, student-friendly textbook that meets the needs of both undergraduate and graduate teaching programs. By covering theory, systems, classrooms, and individuals, the authors have created a pragmatic resource that can be used by a range of individuals seeking reliable, evidence-based techniques integrating behavior management into effective classrooms, including both upcoming and established educators. This text uses a funnel approach to guide readers from the “big picture” down to the individual student. Part I begins by introducing the foundations of classroom management with a discussion of prominent theorists, legislation, common disabilities, and the basics of behavior. Part II provides discussion on classroom management communities, including systems of support and structure in schools and classrooms. Part III focuses on the individual to give both current and future teachers tools for building and nurturing relationships with students and understanding and responding to student behavior. The final chapter offers tools for self-reflection and managing stress and burnout. Key Features: * Real-world cases and classroom examples to integrate content with practice * Chapters begin with learning objectives and key terms and end with summaries for comprehension * Bolded terms along with a comprehensive glossary to improve retention of material * “Make a Connection” boxes to synthesize content across chapters * Content connections to high-leverage practices in call-out boxes * Examples, figures, and templates to clarify and expand on key concepts
Download or read book The Token Economy written by Alan Kazdin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of operant techniques in treatment and education have proliferated in recent years. Among the various techniques, the token economy has been particu larly popular. The token economy has been extended to many populations included in psychiatry, clinical psychology, education, and the mental health fields in general. Of course, merely because a technique is applied widely does not neces sarily argue for its efficacy. Yet, the token economy has been extensively re searched. The main purpose of this book is to review, elaborate, and evaluate critically research bearing on the token economy. The book examines several features of the token economy including the variables that contribute to its efficacy, the accomplishments, limitations, and potential weaknesses, and recent advances. Because the token economy literature is vast, the book encompasses programs in diverse treatment, rehabilitation, and educational settings across a wide range of populations and behaviors. Within the last few years, a small number of books on token economies have appeared. Each of these books describes a particular token economy in one treatment ,etting, details practical problems encountered, and provides suggestions for ad ministering the program. This focus is important but neglects the extensive scholarly research on token economies. The present book reviews research across diverse settings and clients. Actually, this focus is quite relevant for implementing token economies because the research reveals those aspects and treatment variations that contribute to or enhance client performance.
Book Synopsis The Technology of Teaching by : B. F. Skinner
Download or read book The Technology of Teaching written by B. F. Skinner and published by B. F. Skinner Foundation. This book was released on 2016-04-26 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On Parent's Day, in 1952, B. F. Skinner visited his daughter's fourth grade math class. As he watched the lesson, he became increasingly uncomfortable. Almost every principle of effective teaching that he had studied for more than 20 years was being violated in that classroom. Yet it was a typical class. The teacher showed how to solve the day's problems, then gave the students a worksheet to do. Some children began to work readily while others shifted uncomfortably in their chairs, or raised their hands for help. The teacher went from desk to desk, giving help and feedback. Skinner knew what was needed. Each student should be given a problem tailored precisely to his or her skill level, not to the class average, and every answer needed to be assessed immediately to determine the next step. The task was clearly impossible for one teacher. That afternoon, Skinner set to work on a teaching machine. Today's computers have made the mechanical machine obsolete, but the principles of how to design instruction in steps that lead from a basic level to competent performance are as valid today as they were in the 20th century. This book brings together Skinner's writings on education during the years he was most involved in improving education.
Book Synopsis Beyond Behavior Modification by : Joseph S. Kaplan
Download or read book Beyond Behavior Modification written by Joseph S. Kaplan and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Contemporary Issues in Behavior Therapy by : Joseph R. Cautela
Download or read book Contemporary Issues in Behavior Therapy written by Joseph R. Cautela and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary Issues in Behavior Therapy presents innovative approaches to various societal problems worldwide. Contributors explore issues from diverse areas such as behavioral medicine, education, developmental disability, poverty, problematic behavior, and developmental considerations (ie., early family experiences and aging process). The volume stimulates ideas for research, prevention, and treatment, as well as for managing other modern ills including homelessness, crime, and aggression.
Book Synopsis Teaching Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disabilities by : Brittany L. Hott
Download or read book Teaching Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disabilities written by Brittany L. Hott and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2020-10-23 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teaching Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disabilities provides a comprehensive resource for preservice and in-service educators to teach and support academic, social, and behavioral development. The text focuses on implementation of evidence-based interventions, strategies, and practices. Dedicated chapters address quality service delivery models including individual, classroom, and school-wide supports. In addition, academic intervention chapters concentrate on reading, mathematics, writing, and study skills. Finally, the book includes step-by-step directions for conducting Functional Behavior Assessments (FBA), developing Behavior Intervention Plans (BIP), and monitoring student progress. The book will serve as a valuable reference for educators supporting students with challenging behaviors. Key Features: *Case studies written by PreK-12 practitioners based on their experiences supporting students with emotional and behavioral disorders *Numerous worksheets and examples to support implementation of evidence-based practices *Accessible and consistent format across all chapters *Pedagogical aids reinforce understanding: chapter objectives, key terms, chapter summaries, discussion questions, and lists of additional resources and readings Disclaimer: Please note that ancillary content (such as documents, audio, and video, etc.) may not be included as published in the original print version of this book.
Download or read book Books in Print Supplement written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Foundations of Ethology by : K. Lorenz
Download or read book The Foundations of Ethology written by K. Lorenz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a contribution to the history of ethology-not a definitive history, but the personal view of a major figure in that story. It is all the more welcome because such a grand theme as ethology calls for a range of perspectives. One reason is the overarching scope of the subject. Two great questions about life that constitute much of biology are "How does it work (structure and function)?" and "How did it get that way (evolu tion and ontogeny)?" Ethology addresses the antecedent of "it. " Of what are we trying to explain the mechanism and development? Surely behav ior, in all its wealth of detail, variation, causation, and control, is the main achievement of animal evolution, the essential consequence of animal structure and function, the raison d' etre of all the rest. Ethology thus spans between and overlaps with the ever-widening circles of ecol ogy over the eons and the ever-narrowing focus of physiology of the neurons. Another reason why the history of ethology needs perspectives is the recency of its acceptance. For such an obviously major aspect of animal biology, it is curious how short a time-less than three decades-has seen the excitement of an active field and a substantial fraternity of work ers, the addition of professors and courses to departments and curricula in biology (still far from universal}, and the normal complement of spe cial journals, symposia, and sessions at congresses.
Book Synopsis Behavioral Principles in Communicative Disorders by : Christine A. Maul
Download or read book Behavioral Principles in Communicative Disorders written by Christine A. Maul and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2015-12-17 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioral Principles in Communicative Disorders: Applications to Assessment and Treatment examines the basic principles of the science of behaviorism and applies those principles to the assessment and treatment of communicative disorders. It begins with the history and basic principles of behaviorism, as well as a chapter examining Skinner's (1957) concept of verbal behavior and functional units of verbal behavior. The text then discusses functional behavior assessment, the formulation of operationally defined target behaviors, discrete trial treatment procedures, and various techniques for increasing desirable behaviors and decreasing undesirable behaviors. The concluding chapters describe single-case research designs that support the efficacy of behavioral principles and address ethical questions and historic controversies surrounding the application of those principles. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) seek to change communicative behaviors in the clients they serve; the principles of behavioral science have many applications to the assessment and treatment of communicative disorders. There is a vast body of evidence indicating the efficacy of behavioral approaches in behavior modification, and SLPs have been tasked by their professional associations to employ evidence-based practices. Also, there is an appreciation for the usefulness of behavioral principles in treating clients with very severe communicative disorders, such as autism, apraxia, and dysfluency. This is evidenced by the development of the field of applied behavior analysis and the growing numbers of board certified behavior analysts (BCBA), with whom SLPs may be called upon to collaborate. Behavioral Principles in Communicative Disorders is primarily designed for practicing speech-language pathologists looking for detailed descriptions of evidence-based treatment procedures, as well as professors and students in university programs in communicative disorders. However, professionals in other fields, such as applied behavior analysis and special education, will also find this to be a highly useful text.
Book Synopsis Applied Behavior Analysis by : John O. Cooper
Download or read book Applied Behavior Analysis written by John O. Cooper and published by . This book was released on 2013-07-15 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-awaited second edition of the classic textbook, Applied Behavior Analysis, provides a comprehensive, in-depth discussion of the field, providing a complete description of the principles and procedures needed to systematically change socially significant behavior and to understand the reasons for that change. The authors' goal in revising this best-selling text was to introduce students to ABA in as complete, technically accurate, and contemporary manner as possible. As a result, the book's scope, treatment of various principles, procedures, and issues suggest that it is intended for concentrated and serious study.Readers of the new second edition will appreciate the inclusion of: more than 1,400 citations to primary-source literature, including both classic and contemporary studies; a glossary of more than 400 technical terms and concepts; more than 100 graphs displaying original data from peer-reviewed research, with detailed descriptions of the procedures used to collect the data represented; five new chapters written by leading scholars in the field of behavior analysis; and the addition of The Behavior Analyst Certification Board(r) BCBA(r) and BCABA(r) Behavior Analyst Task List, Third Edition. First published in 1987, Applied Behavior Analysis remains the top-choice primary text for appropriate courses at universities in the United States and abroad with leading programs in behavior analysis. This comprehensive text, best-suited for all upper-level courses in basic principles, applications, and behavioral research methods, helps students, educators, and practitioners appreciate and begin to acquire the conceptual and technical skills necessary to foster socially adaptive behavior in diverse individuals.
Book Synopsis Psychology of Physical Activity by : Stuart Biddle
Download or read book Psychology of Physical Activity written by Stuart Biddle and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-04-11 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The positive benefits of physical activity for physical and mental health are now widely acknowledged, yet levels of physical inactivity continue to be a major concern throughout the world. Understanding the psychology of physical activity has therefore become an important issue for scientists, health professionals and policy-makers alike as they address the challenge of behaviour change. Psychology of Physical Activity provides comprehensive and in-depth coverage of the fundamentals of exercise psychology, from mental health, to theories of motivation and adherence, and to the design of successful interventions for increasing participation. Now publishing in a fully revised, updated and expanded fourth edition, Psychology of Physical Activity is still the only textbook to offer a full survey of the evidence base for theory and practice in exercise psychology, and the only textbook that explains how to interpret the quality of the research evidence. As the field continues to grow rapidly, the new edition expands the behavioural science content of numerous important topics, including physical activity and cognitive functioning, automatic and affective frameworks for understanding physical activity involvement, new interventions designed to increase physical activity (including use of new technologies), and sedentary behaviour. A full companion website offers useful features to help students and lecturers get the most out of the book during their course, including multiple-choice revision questions, PowerPoint slides and a test bank of additional learning activities. Psychology of Physical Activity is the most authoritative, engaging and up-to-date book on exercise psychology currently available. It is essential reading for all students working in behavioural medicine, as well as the exercise and health sciences.
