Context Effects On Embodied Representation Of Language Concepts

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Context Effects on Embodied Representation of Language Concepts

Author : Jie Yang
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012407930X
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Context Effects on Embodied Representation of Language Concepts by : Jie Yang

Download or read book Context Effects on Embodied Representation of Language Concepts written by Jie Yang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Embodied theories claim that semantic representations are grounded in sensorimotor systems, but the contribution of sensorimotor brain areas in representing meaning is still controversial. One current debate is whether activity in sensorimotor areas during language comprehension is automatic. Numerous neuroimaging studies reveal activity in perception and action areas during semantic processing that is automatic and independent of context, but increasing findings show that involvement of sensorimotor areas and the connectivity between word-form areas and sensorimotor areas can be modulated by contextual information. Context Effects on Embodied Representation of Language Concepts focuses on these findings and discusses the influences from word, phrase, and sentential contexts that emphasize either dominant conceptual features or non-dominant conceptual features. Reviews the findings about contextual modularity Clarifies the invariant and flexible features of embodied lexical-semantic processing

Words as Social Tools: An Embodied View on Abstract Concepts

Author : Anna M. Borghi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461495393
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Words as Social Tools: An Embodied View on Abstract Concepts by : Anna M. Borghi

Download or read book Words as Social Tools: An Embodied View on Abstract Concepts written by Anna M. Borghi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-13 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How are abstract concepts and words represented in the brain? That is the central question addressed by the authors of “Words as Social Tools: An Embodied View on Abstract Concepts”. First, they focus on the difficulties in defining what abstract concepts and words are, and what they mean in psycholinguistic research. Then the authors go on to describe and critically discuss the main theories on this topic with a special emphasis on the different embodied and grounded theories proposed in cognitive psychology within the last ten years, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each of these theories. The core of this Brief consists of the presentation of a new theory developed by the authors, the WAT (Words As social Tools) view, according to which both sensorimotor (such as perception, action, emotional experiences) and linguistic experiences are at the basis of abstract concepts and of abstract word representation, processing and use. This theory assigns a major role to acquisition: one of the assumptions the authors make is that the different ways in which concrete and abstract words are acquired constrain their brain representation and their use. This view will be compared with the main existing theories on abstractness, from the theory of conceptual metaphors to the theories on multiple representation. Finally, the volume illustrates recent evidence from different areas (developmental, behavioral, cross-cultural, neuropsychological and neural) which converge with and support the authors' theory, leading to the conclusion that in order to account for representation and processing of abstract concepts and words, an extension of embodied and grounded theories is necessary.

Conceptual and Interactive Embodiment

Author : Martin H. Fischer
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317616731
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Conceptual and Interactive Embodiment by : Martin H. Fischer

Download or read book Conceptual and Interactive Embodiment written by Martin H. Fischer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set provides a comprehensive overview of the multidisciplinary field of Embodied Cognition. With contributions from internationally acknowledged researchers from a variety of fields, Foundations of Embodied Cognition reveals how intelligent behaviour emerges from the interplay between brain, body and environment. Drawing on the most recent theoretical and empirical findings in embodied cognition, Volume 2 Conceptual and Interactive Embodiment is divided into four distinct parts, bringing together a number of influential perspectives and new ideas. Part one introduces the field of embodied language processing, before part two presents recent developments in our understanding of embodied conceptual understanding. The final two parts look at the applied nature of embodied cognition, exploring the embodied nature of social co-ordination as well as the emerging field of artificial embodiment. Building on the idea that knowledge acquisition, retention and retrieval are intimately interconnected with sensory and motor processes, Foundations of Embodied Cognition is a landmark publication in the field. It will be of great interest to researchers and advanced students from across the cognitive sciences, including those specialising in psychology, neuroscience, intelligent systems and robotics, philosophy, linguistics and anthropology.

Multiple Timescales of Context Effects on Abstract Concepts

Author : Charles P. Davis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Multiple Timescales of Context Effects on Abstract Concepts by : Charles P. Davis

Download or read book Multiple Timescales of Context Effects on Abstract Concepts written by Charles P. Davis and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we understand the meaning of concepts like coffee or idea? A recent account of concept knowledge, which aims to explain how we apprehend abstract concepts like idea in real-world experience, emphasizes that the situated experience of concepts involves tracking information about the elements that comprise concepts and how those elements relate to each other across space and time. Abstract concepts are less situationally systematic-different objects and relations tend to constitute the concept across situations. Here, we test three predictions that emerge from this account. First, the elements that comprise concepts are spread over time to differing degrees, temporal extension is activated when we think of concept meanings, and this extension is greater for relatively abstract concepts. And indeed, off-line ratings of how long it takes to perceive a concept predict both how abstract that concept is and response latencies across several language tasks, suggesting that time is an embodied property of concepts. Second, owing to their lack of situational systematicity, abstract concepts demand attention to contextual information that constrains their interpretation, leading to inhibition of arbitrary elements of abstract-concept-containing events (e.g., what color your friend's shoes were when she talked about justice). This prediction was also confirmed-how well we encode arbitrary elements of events is predicted by how abstract the concept featured in that event is. Finally, lower situational systematicity implies greater variability in the data that make up our (abstract) concept representations, which would then produce greater individual differences in abstract concept meanings. In an exploratory study, we investigated whether such differences are present in how people communicate online-do people who are more physically distant communicate differently about concepts, and is this relation greater for more abstract concepts? Neither of these predictions was confirmed. We discuss opportunities for improving social-media-based approaches to concept knowledge. In all, this work suggests that concepts are more than the sum of their elements: how the elements that comprise concepts relate across space and time is an important consideration in theories of concept knowledge, and a critical component of what it means for a concept to be abstract.

Linguistic Bodies

Author : Ezequiel A. Di Paolo
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262547864
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Linguistic Bodies by : Ezequiel A. Di Paolo

Download or read book Linguistic Bodies written by Ezequiel A. Di Paolo and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2023-05-09 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel theoretical framework for an embodied, non-representational approach to language that extends and deepens enactive theory, bridging the gap between sensorimotor skills and language. Linguistic Bodies offers a fully embodied and fully social treatment of human language without positing mental representations. The authors present the first coherent, overarching theory that connects dynamical explanations of action and perception with language. Arguing from the assumption of a deep continuity between life and mind, they show that this continuity extends to language. Expanding and deepening enactive theory, they offer a constitutive account of language and the co-emergent phenomena of personhood, reflexivity, social normativity, and ideality. Language, they argue, is not something we add to a range of existing cognitive capacities but a new way of being embodied. Each of us is a linguistic body in a community of other linguistic bodies. The book describes three distinct yet entangled kinds of human embodiment, organic, sensorimotor, and intersubjective; it traces the emergence of linguistic sensitivities and introduces the novel concept of linguistic bodies; and it explores the implications of living as linguistic bodies in perpetual becoming, applying the concept of linguistic bodies to questions of language acquisition, parenting, autism, grammar, symbol, narrative, and gesture, and to such ethical concerns as microaggression, institutional speech, and pedagogy.

Conceptual and Interactive Embodiment

Author : Martin Fischer
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317616723
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Conceptual and Interactive Embodiment by : Martin Fischer

Download or read book Conceptual and Interactive Embodiment written by Martin Fischer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set provides a comprehensive overview of the multidisciplinary field of Embodied Cognition. With contributions from internationally acknowledged researchers from a variety of fields, Foundations of Embodied Cognition reveals how intelligent behaviour emerges from the interplay between brain, body and environment. Drawing on the most recent theoretical and empirical findings in embodied cognition, Volume 2 Conceptual and Interactive Embodiment is divided into four distinct parts, bringing together a number of influential perspectives and new ideas. Part one introduces the field of embodied language processing, before part two presents recent developments in our understanding of embodied conceptual understanding. The final two parts look at the applied nature of embodied cognition, exploring the embodied nature of social co-ordination as well as the emerging field of artificial embodiment. Building on the idea that knowledge acquisition, retention and retrieval are intimately interconnected with sensory and motor processes, Foundations of Embodied Cognition is a landmark publication in the field. It will be of great interest to researchers and advanced students from across the cognitive sciences, including those specialising in psychology, neuroscience, intelligent systems and robotics, philosophy, linguistics and anthropology.

Body Memory, Metaphor and Movement

Author : Sabine C. Koch
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 902728167X
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Body Memory, Metaphor and Movement by : Sabine C. Koch

Download or read book Body Memory, Metaphor and Movement written by Sabine C. Koch and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-25 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Body Memory, Metaphor and Movement is an interdisciplinary volume with contributions from philosophers, cognitive scientists, and movement therapists. Part one provides the phenomenologically grounded definition of body memory with its different typologies. Part two follows the aim to integrate phenomenology, conceptual metaphor theory, and embodiment approaches from the cognitive sciences for the development of appropriate empirical methods to address body memory. Part three inquires into the forms and effects of therapeutic work with body memory, based on the integration of theory, empirical findings, and clinical applications. It focuses on trauma treatment and the healing power of movement. The book also contributes to metaphor theory, application and research, and therefore addresses metaphor researchers and linguists interested in the embodied grounds of metaphor. Thus, it is of particular interest for researchers from the cognitive sciences, social sciences, and humanities as well as clinical practitioners.

What can we make of theories of embodiment and the role of the human mirror neuron system?

Author : Analia Arevalo
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889197611
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis What can we make of theories of embodiment and the role of the human mirror neuron system? by : Analia Arevalo

Download or read book What can we make of theories of embodiment and the role of the human mirror neuron system? written by Analia Arevalo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, work surrounding theories of embodiment and the role of the putative mirror neuron system (MNS) in humans has gained considerable attention. If humans have developed a network of neurons that fire in response to other beings’ actions, as has been shown in macaques, this system could have vast implications for all kinds of cognitive processes unique to humans, such as language, learning, empathy and communication in general. The goal of tapping into and understanding such a system is a fascinating yet challenging one. One form of embodiment -- embodied linguistics -- suggests that the way we process linguistic information is linked to our physical experience of the concept conveyed by each word. The interaction between these cognitive systems (i.e., language and motor processing) may occur thanks to the firing of neurons making up the MNS. The possible interdependence between different cognitive systems has implications for healthy as well as pathological profiles, and in fact, work in recent years has also explored the role of ‘embodiment’ and/or the MNS in clinical populations such as stroke, Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Autism, among others. Research on embodiment and/or the MNS has been approached with a number of different methodologies, but the results obtained with these different methodologies have not been entirely consistent, generating doubts regarding the theories. The question has been raised as to what this line of inquiry can gain from the types of evidence contributed by functional neuroimaging methods carried out with healthy volunteers versus behavioral or lesion-symptom mapping methods employed with neurologically-compromised individuals. Of particular interest are the clinical applications of this line of research. If indeed a system exists which reflects a tight link between, for example, the human language and motor systems, then the obvious challenge is to tap into this system to create useful therapies that can provide rehabilitation where damage has occurred. This Research Topic brought together work conducted with healthy and patient populations using several behavioral and imaging techniques, as well as insightful commentaries and opinion pieces. We believe the combined work of the participating authors is an important contribution to this intriguing line of research and an excellent point of reference for future work.

Handbook of Embodied Psychology

Author : Michael D. Robinson
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030784711
Total Pages : 630 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Embodied Psychology by : Michael D. Robinson

Download or read book Handbook of Embodied Psychology written by Michael D. Robinson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-31 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume seeks to integrate research and scholarship on the topic of embodiment, with the idea being that thinking and feeling are often grounded in more concrete representations related to perception and action. The book centers on psychological approaches to embodiment and includes chapters speaking to development as well as clinical issues, though a larger number focus on topics related to cognition and neuroscience as well as social and personality psychology. These topical chapters are linked to theory-based chapters centered on interoception, grounded cognition, conceptual metaphor, and the extended mind thesis. Further, a concluding section speaks to critical issues such as replication concerns, alternative interpretations, and future directions. The final result is a carefully conceived product that is a comprehensive and well-integrated volume on the psychology of embodiment. The primary audience for this book is academic psychologists from many different areas of psychology (e.g., social, developmental, cognitive, clinical). The secondary audience consists of disciplines in which ideas related to embodied cognition figure prominently, such as counseling, education, biology, and philosophy.

Embodied and grounded cognition

Author : Anna Borghi
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 2889190137
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Embodied and grounded cognition by : Anna Borghi

Download or read book Embodied and grounded cognition written by Anna Borghi and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last 10-15 years, the "embodied" and "grounded" cognition approach has become widespread in all fields related to cognitive science, such as cognitive and social psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, anthropology, computational modelling and robotics. According to this approach, our cognitive activity is grounded in sensory-motor processes and situated in specific contexts and situations. Therefore, in this view, concepts consist of the reactivation of the same neural pattern that is present when we perceive and/or interact with the objects they refer to. In the same way, understanding language would imply forming a mental simulation of what is linguistically described. This simulation would entail the recruitment of the same neurons that are activated when actually acting or perceiving the situation, action, emotion, object or entity described by language. In the last years a lot of evidence has been collected in favour of EC and GC view. The aim of this Research Topic is twofold. First, it intends to give an idea of the field of embodied and grounded cognition in its broadness. We therefore intend to invite scientists of different disciplines (anthropology, philosophy, linguistics, cognitive and social psychology, neuroscience, computer science) to submit their proposals. The second aim of this Research Topicis to focus on some challenges that in our opinion embodied and grounded theories of cognition need to face. First, we believe that one important challenge for EC and GC views is to account for the way the so-called "abstract concepts" and abstract words are represented. Evidence on the representation of concrete concepts and words is compelling, whereas evidence on abstract concepts representation is still too scarce and limited to restricted domains. We therefore welcome proposals dealing with this complex issue. Second, we think that embodied and grounded theories of cognition would need to formulate more precise hypotheses, and that in general within the field a larger theoretical effort should be made. It is striking that, even if a lot of work in the field of computational modelling and robotics starts from an embodied approach, experimental and modelling work on embodied cognition remain somehow separate. We therefore invite researchers to submit papers proposing models which might help to explain phenomena as well as to constrain and specify in more detail the predictions and the claims advanced within the framework of EC and GC theories.

Context Effects on the Representation of Meaning

Author : Emilie Matarasso Roth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (744 download)

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Book Synopsis Context Effects on the Representation of Meaning by : Emilie Matarasso Roth

Download or read book Context Effects on the Representation of Meaning written by Emilie Matarasso Roth and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Inner Speech

Author : Peter Langland-Hassan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0198796641
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Inner Speech by : Peter Langland-Hassan

Download or read book Inner Speech written by Peter Langland-Hassan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inner Speech focuses on a familiar and yet mysterious element of our daily lives. In light of renewed interest in the general connections between thought, language, and consciousness, this anthology develops a number of important new theories about internal voices and raises questions about their nature and cognitive functions.

Embodied Cognition over the Lifespan and in Applied Settings

Author : Annalisa Setti
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889454924
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Embodied Cognition over the Lifespan and in Applied Settings by : Annalisa Setti

Download or read book Embodied Cognition over the Lifespan and in Applied Settings written by Annalisa Setti and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-06-11 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While Embodied Cognition has now been accepted as mainstream in Cognitive Science, the study of its potential contribution to understding child developemnt and ageing, as well as its potential applications, is still in its infancy. This collection of articles explores the contribution of Embodied Cognition to studying the lifespan and potential applied fields. The contributions are theoretical and empirical and offer an important framework for future research and its applications.

Conceptual metaphor and embodied cognition in science learning

Author : Tamer Amin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315316900
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis Conceptual metaphor and embodied cognition in science learning by : Tamer Amin

Download or read book Conceptual metaphor and embodied cognition in science learning written by Tamer Amin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific concepts are abstract human constructions, invented to make sense of complex natural phenomena. Scientists use specialised languages, diagrams, and mathematical representations of various kinds to convey these abstract constructions. This book uses the perspectives of embodied cognition and conceptual metaphor to explore how learners make sense of these concepts. That is, it is assumed that human cognition – including scientific cognition – is grounded in the body and in the material and social contexts in which it is embedded. Understanding abstract concepts is therefore grounded, via metaphor, in knowledge derived from sensory and motor experiences arising from interaction with the physical world. The volume consists of nine chapters that examine a number of intertwined themes: how systematic metaphorical mappings are implicit in scientific language, diagrams, mathematical representations, and the gestures used by scientists; how scientific modelling relies fundamentally on metaphor and can be seen as a form of narrative cognition; how implicit metaphors can be the sources of learner misconceptions; how conceptual change and the acquisition of scientific expertise involve learning to coordinate the use of multiple implicit metaphors; and how effective instruction can build on recognising the embodied nature of scientific cognition and the role of metaphor in scientific thought and learning. The volume also includes three extended commentaries from leading researchers in the fields of cognitive linguistics, the learning sciences, and science education, in which they reflect on theoretical, methodological and pedagogical issues raised in the book. This book was originally published as a special issue of the International Journal of Science Education.

The Routledge Handbook of Embodied Cognition

Author : Lawrence Shapiro
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131768866X
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Embodied Cognition by : Lawrence Shapiro

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Embodied Cognition written by Lawrence Shapiro and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-29 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Embodied cognition is one of the foremost areas of study and research in philosophy of mind, philosophy of psychology and cognitive science. The Routledge Handbook of Embodied Cognition is an outstanding guide and reference source to the key topics and debates in this exciting subject and essential reading for any student and scholar of philosophy of mind and cognitive science. Comprising over thirty chapters by a team of international contributors, the Handbook is divided into six parts: Historical underpinnings Perspectives on embodied cognition Applied embodied cognition: perception, language, and reasoning Applied embodied cognition: social and moral cognition and emotion Applied embodied cognition: memory, attention, and group cognition Meta-topics. The early chapters of the Handbook cover empirical and philosophical foundations of embodied cognition, focusing on Gibsonian and phenomenological approaches. Subsequent chapters cover additional, important themes common to work in embodied cognition, including embedded, extended and enactive cognition as well as chapters on empirical research in perception, language, reasoning, social and moral cognition, emotion, consciousness, memory, and learning and development.

Abstract Concepts and the Embodied Mind

Author : Guy Dove
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190061995
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Abstract Concepts and the Embodied Mind by : Guy Dove

Download or read book Abstract Concepts and the Embodied Mind written by Guy Dove and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-07-08 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our thoughts depend on knowledge about objects, people, properties, and events. To think about where we left our keys, what we are going to make for dinner, when we last fed the dogs, and how we are going to survive our next visit with our family, we need to know something about locations, keys, cooking, dogs, survival, families, and so on. As researchers have sought to explain how our brains can store and access such general knowledge, a growing body of evidence suggests that many of our concepts are grounded in action, emotion, and perception systems. We appear to think about the world by means of the same mechanisms that we use to experience it. Yet, abstract concepts like 'democracy,' 'fermion,' 'piety,' 'truth,' and 'zero' represent a clear challenge to this idea. Given that they represent a uniquely human cognitive achievement, answering the question of how we acquire and use them is central to our ability to understand ourselves. In Abstract Concepts and the Embodied Mind, Guy Dove contends that abstract concepts are heterogeneous and pose three important challenges to embodied cognition. They force us to ask: How do we generalize beyond the specifics of our experience? How do we think about things that we do not experience directly? How do we adapt our thoughts to specific contexts and tasks? He further argues that a successful theory of grounding must embrace multimodal representations, hierarchical architecture, and linguistic scaffolding. Focusing on a topic that has generated a lot of recent interest, this book shows that abstract concepts are the product of an elastic mind.

Accessing Conceptual Representations for Speaking

Author : Peter Indefrey
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889450112
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Accessing Conceptual Representations for Speaking by : Peter Indefrey

Download or read book Accessing Conceptual Representations for Speaking written by Peter Indefrey and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-10-31 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For speaking, words in the lexicon are somehow activated from conceptual representations but we know surprisingly little about how this works precisely. Which of the attributes of the concept DOG (e.g. BARKS, IS WALKED WITH A LEASH, CARNIVORE, ANIMATE) have to be activated in a given situation to be able to select the word ‘dog’? Are there things we know about dogs that are always activated for naming and others that are only activated in certain contexts or even never? To date, investigations on lexical access in speaking have largely focused on the effects of distractor nouns on the naming latency of a target noun. We have learned that distractors from the same semantic category (e.g. ‘cat’) hinder naming, but associatively related distractors (‘leash’) may facilitate or hinder naming. However, associatively related words can have all kinds of semantic relationships to a target word, and, with few exceptions, the effects of specific semantic relationships other than membership in the same category as the target concept have not been systematically investigated. This special issue aims at moving forward towards a more detailed account of how precisely conceptual information is used to access the lexicon in speaking and what corresponding format of conceptual representations needs to be assumed.