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Consumer Lending In France And America
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Book Synopsis Consumer Lending in France and America by : Gunnar Trumbull
Download or read book Consumer Lending in France and America written by Gunnar Trumbull and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-08-11 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "At the beginning of the 20th century, consumer credit in the United States was perceived as unfair and exploitative. Social reformers fought to limit the economic and social impact of small lenders they decried as loan sharks. Reputable businesses steered clear of sales credit because of the questionable consumers that it would attract. By the 1970s, however, credit in America had been reimagined as a legitimate tool of household finance that was understood to have broad social and economic benefits. This transformation in the moral economy of credit accompanied a revolution in lending technologies and the regulatory treatment of consumer credit. Ultimately, these changes allowed American households to amass unprecedented debt -- debt that eventually precipitated the worst financial crisis of postwar America. To understand the origins of that crisis, we need to understand not just the shifting habits of consumers, but also what happened to lenders as the public moved from opposing credit to embracing it. This book traces how that transformation occurred. Nearly all accounts of the origins of American consumer credit have focused exclusively on the U.S. experience. Single-country case studies have their virtues. But they do not allow the observer easily to differentiate what is unusual about the U.S. case from what is common even to countries with very different credit practices"--
Download or read book American Bonds written by Sarah L. Quinn and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-10 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the American government has long used financial credit programs to create economic opportunities Federal housing finance policy and mortgage-backed securities have gained widespread attention in recent years because of the 2008 financial crisis, but issues of government credit have been part of American life since the nation’s founding. From the 1780s, when a watershed national land credit policy was established, to the postwar foundations of our current housing finance system, American Bonds examines the evolution of securitization and federal credit programs. Sarah Quinn shows that since the Westward expansion, the U.S. government has used financial markets to manage America’s complex social divides, and politicians and officials across the political spectrum have turned to land sales, home ownership, and credit to provide economic opportunity without the appearance of market intervention or direct wealth redistribution. Highly technical systems, securitization, and credit programs have been fundamental to how Americans determined what they could and should owe one another. Over time, government officials embraced credit as a political tool that allowed them to navigate an increasingly complex and fractured political system, affirming the government’s role as a consequential and creative market participant. Neither intermittent nor marginal, credit programs supported the growth of powerful industries, from railroads and farms to housing and finance; have been used for disaster relief, foreign policy, and military efforts; and were promoters of amortized mortgages, lending abroad, venture capital investment, and mortgage securitization. Illuminating America’s market-heavy social policies, American Bonds illustrates how political institutions became involved in the nation’s lending practices.
Book Synopsis Kritika: Essays on Intellectual Property by : Peter Drahos
Download or read book Kritika: Essays on Intellectual Property written by Peter Drahos and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2020-03-28 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fields of intellectual property have broadened and deepened in so many ways that commentators struggle to keep up with the ceaseless rush of developments and hot topics. Kritika: Essays on Intellectual Property is a series that is designed to help authors escape this rush. It creates a forum for authors who wish to more deeply question, investigate and reflect upon the evolving themes and principles of the discipline.
Book Synopsis Personal Insolvency in the 21st Century by : Iain Ramsay
Download or read book Personal Insolvency in the 21st Century written by Iain Ramsay and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-05-04 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1979 the world has witnessed a remarkable cycle of personal insolvency law reform. Changes in capitalist economies, financial crises and political interest groups all contributed to this cycle of reform. This book examines the role of interest groups and distinct narratives in shaping reform in different countries while drawing attention to the role of timing, path dependency and unintended consequences in the development of personal insolvency law. The book presents case studies of personal insolvency law in the US, France, Sweden, and England and Wales. It then analyses how, following the Great Recession of 2008, international financial institutions paid greater attention to the significance of household debt in contributing to financial instability and the role of individual insolvency law in providing a fresh start. Personal insolvency law reform became part of EU responses to the eurozone crisis and the EU has proposed harmonisation of individual insolvency law to promote entrepreneurialism. This book examines the extent to which these developments represent an emerging international commonsense about personal insolvency and its relationship to neo-liberalism. Finally, this book discusses whether the international emergence of individual personal insolvency law represents a progressive step or a band-aid for the costs of neo-liberal policies, where a significant number of people live close to the precipice of over-indebtedness.
Book Synopsis Consumer Debt and Social Exclusion in Europe by : Hans-W. Micklitz
Download or read book Consumer Debt and Social Exclusion in Europe written by Hans-W. Micklitz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the dichotomy between the goal of social inclusion and the effect of social exclusion through over-indebtedness since 2008 in Europe. Filling a vital gap in the current literature on the effects of the financial and economic crisis, this volume puts into context academic discussion with the real-life dimension of over-indebtedness. Reports from six European countries provide socio-economic and legal information on over-indebtedness as well as the regulatory and judicial responses to the problems entailed by over-indebtedness. They form the empirical background for five analyses of different aspects of the inclusion-exclusion dichotomy. It becomes clear that in the context of credit expansion, individual over-indebtedness has turned into a social issue, which the current design of the consumer credit and mortgage system in Europe has helped to produce while disregarding the consequential danger of social exclusion.
Book Synopsis The Economy of Promises by : Bruce G. Carruthers
Download or read book The Economy of Promises written by Bruce G. Carruthers and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2024-08-20 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and illuminating account of the history of credit in America—and how it continues to divide the haves from the have-nots The Economy of Promises is a far-reaching study of credit in nineteenth- and twentieth-century America. Synthesizing and surveying economic and social history, Bruce Carruthers examines how issues of trust stitch together the modern U.S. economy. In the case of credit, that trust involves a commitment by debtors to repay money they have borrowed from lenders. Each promise poses a fundamental question: why does the lender trust the borrower? The book tracks the dramatic shift from personal qualitative judgments to the impersonal quantitative measurements of credit scores and ratings, which make lending on a much greater scale possible. It discusses how lending is shaped by the shadow of failure, and the possibility that borrowers will break their promises and fail to repay their debts. It reveals how credit markets have been shaped by public policy, regulatory changes, and various political factors. And, crucially, it explains how credit interacts with economic inequality, contributing to vast and enduring racial and gender differences—which are only exacerbated by the widespread use of credit scores and ratings for “big data” and algorithmic decision-making. Bringing to life the complicated and abstract terrain of human interaction we call the economy, The Economy of Promises is an important study of the tangle of indebtedness that, for better or worse, shapes and defines American lives.
Book Synopsis Plastic Capitalism by : Sean H. Vanatta
Download or read book Plastic Capitalism written by Sean H. Vanatta and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2024-05-21 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How bankers created the modern consumer credit economy and destroyed financial stability in the process American households are awash in expensive credit card debt. But where did all this debt come from? In this history of the rise of postwar American finance, Sean H. Vanatta shows how bankers created our credit card economy and, with it, the indebted nation we know today. America's consumer debt machine was not inevitable. In the years after World War II, state and federal regulations ensured that many Americans enjoyed safe banks and inexpensive credit. Bankers, though, grew restless amid restrictive rules that made profits scarce. They experimented with new services and new technologies. They settled on credit cards, and in the 1960s mailed out reams of high-interest plastic to build a debt industry from scratch. In the 1960s and '70s consumers fought back, using federal and state policy to make credit cards safer and more affordable. But bankers found ways to work around local rules. Beginning in 1980, Citibank and its peers relocated their card plans to South Dakota and Delaware, states with the weakest consumer regulations, creating "on-shore" financial havens and drawing consumers into an exploitative credit economy over which they had little control. We live in the world these bankers made.
Book Synopsis Consumer Lending in France and America by : Gunnar Trumbull
Download or read book Consumer Lending in France and America written by Gunnar Trumbull and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-08-11 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did America embrace consumer credit over the course of the twentieth century, when most other countries did not? How did American policy makers by the late twentieth century come to believe that more credit would make even poor families better off? This book traces the historical emergence of modern consumer lending in America and France. If Americans were profligate in their borrowing, the French were correspondingly frugal. Comparison of the two countries reveals that America's love affair with credit was not primarily the consequence of its culture of consumption, as many writers have observed, nor directly a consequences of its less generous welfare state. It emerged instead from evolving coalitions between fledgling consumer lenders seeking to make their business socially acceptable and a range of non-governmental groups working to promote public welfare, labor, and minority rights. In France, where a similar coalition did not emerge, consumer credit continued to be perceived as economically regressive and socially risky.
Book Synopsis The Land of Too Much by : Monica Prasad
Download or read book The Land of Too Much written by Monica Prasad and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Land of Too Much presents a simple but powerful hypothesis that addresses three questions: Why does the United States have more poverty than any other developed country? Why did it experience an attack on state intervention starting in the 1980s, known today as the neoliberal revolution? And why did it recently suffer the greatest economic meltdown in seventy-five years? Although the United States is often considered a liberal, laissez-faire state, Monica Prasad marshals convincing evidence to the contrary. Indeed, she argues that a strong tradition of government intervention undermined the development of a European-style welfare state. The demand-side theory of comparative political economy she develops here explains how and why this happened. Her argument begins in the late nineteenth century, when America’s explosive economic growth overwhelmed world markets, causing price declines everywhere. While European countries adopted protectionist policies in response, in the United States lower prices spurred an agrarian movement that rearranged the political landscape. The federal government instituted progressive taxation and a series of strict financial regulations that ironically resulted in more freely available credit. As European countries developed growth models focused on investment and exports, the United States developed a growth model based on consumption. These large-scale interventions led to economic growth that met citizen needs through private credit rather than through social welfare policies. Among the outcomes have been higher poverty, a backlash against taxation and regulation, and a housing bubble fueled by “mortgage Keynesianism.” This book will launch a thousand debates.
Author :International Monetary Fund Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1451813635 Total Pages :121 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (518 download)
Book Synopsis France by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book France written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2005-06-08 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These Technical Notes on France explain integration of global financial markets. The stress tests for the France Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) were designed to yield as comprehensive and detailed a picture as possible within the constraints of the approach. Retail activity by foreign banks in France is small, but significant. The financial landscape in France remains characterized by a large number of idiosyncrasies that affect monetary transmission. Macroeconometric models point to a smaller reaction to monetary policy in France than in other large euro-area economies.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Panama Canal Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :326 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Panama Canal Treaty Ramifications by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Panama Canal
Download or read book Panama Canal Treaty Ramifications written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Panama Canal and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Beyond Our Means written by Sheldon Garon and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-31 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why Americans aren't thrifty and the rest of the world is If the financial crisis has taught us anything, it is that Americans save too little, spend too much, and borrow excessively. What can we learn from East Asian and European countries that have fostered enduring cultures of thrift over the past two centuries? Beyond Our Means tells for the first time how other nations aggressively encouraged their citizens to save by means of special savings institutions and savings campaigns. The U.S. government, meanwhile, promoted mass consumption and reliance on credit, culminating in the global financial meltdown. Many economists believe people save according to universally rational calculations, saving the most in their middle years as they plan for retirement, and saving the least in welfare states. In reality, Europeans save at high rates despite generous welfare programs and aging populations. Americans save little, despite weaker social safety nets and a younger population. Tracing the development of such behaviors across three continents from the nineteenth century to today, this book highlights the role of institutions and moral suasion in shaping habits of saving and spending. It shows how the encouragement of thrift was not a relic of indigenous traditions but a modern movement to confront rising consumption. Around the world, messages to save and spend wisely confronted citizens everywhere—in schools, magazines, and novels. At the same time, in America, businesses and government normalized practices of living beyond one's means. Transnational history at its most compelling, Beyond Our Means reveals why some nations save so much and others so little. Some images inside the book are unavailable due to digital copyright restrictions.
Book Synopsis Major Companies of the USA 1988/89 by : A. Wilson
Download or read book Major Companies of the USA 1988/89 written by A. Wilson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-14 with total page 1026 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Consumer Engineering, 1920s–1970s by : Jan Logemann
Download or read book Consumer Engineering, 1920s–1970s written by Jan Logemann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-29 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the middle of the twentieth century, a new class of marketing expert emerged beyond the familiar ad men of Madison Avenue. Working as commercial designers, consumer psychologists, sales managers, and market researchers, these professionals were self-defined “consumer engineers,” and their rise heralded a new era of marketing. To what extent did these efforts to engineer consumers shape consumption practices? And to what extent was the phenomenon itself a product of broader social and cultural forces? This collection considers consumer engineering in the context of the longer history of transatlantic marketing. Contributors offer case studies on the roles of individual consumer engineers on both sides of the Atlantic, the impact of such marketing practices on European economies during World War II and after, and the conflicted relationship between consumer activists and the ideas of consumer engineering. By connecting consumer engineering to a web of social processes in the twentieth century, this volume contributes to a reassessment of consumer history more broadly.
Book Synopsis Recession, Depression, Insolvency, Bankruptcy, and Federal Bailouts by : David H. Carpenter
Download or read book Recession, Depression, Insolvency, Bankruptcy, and Federal Bailouts written by David H. Carpenter and published by The Capitol Net Inc. This book was released on with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis American Investments in Foreign Securities by : Victor Christian Sether
Download or read book American Investments in Foreign Securities written by Victor Christian Sether and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Federationist written by and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
