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Construction Material Development In Sulfur Iodine Thermochemical Water Splitting Process For Hydrogen Production
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Book Synopsis Construction Material Development in Sulfur-Iodine Thermochemical Water-Splitting Process for Hydrogen Production by : Ajit Roy
Download or read book Construction Material Development in Sulfur-Iodine Thermochemical Water-Splitting Process for Hydrogen Production written by Ajit Roy and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Production by the GA Sulfur-iodine Process by :
Download or read book Hydrogen Production by the GA Sulfur-iodine Process written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A summary of the progress of the overall total development effort of the General Atomic (GA) sulfur-iodine thermochemical water-splitting cycle over the last two years is reported. The major accomplishments have been the following: (1) Significant improvements in the chemistry of the process. (2) Development, review, and revision of an engineering flowsheet, resulting in a thermal process efficiency of 47%. (3) Screening, identification, and testing of potential materials-of-construction for the corrosive process fluids. (4) Small-scale demonstration of the cycle in a closed loop under recycle conditions. (5) Installation of bench-scale equipment and demonstration of parts of the process in this system. (6) Development of a conceptual, preliminary flowsheet for the GA sulfur-iodine cycle driven by solar energy. The results of the work carried out during the last two years have demonstrated that thermochemical water splitting by the sulfur-iodine cycle is a feasible process and have provided confidence that thermal efficiencies in the range of 50% are achievable.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Hydrogen Production Handbook by : Xing L. Yan
Download or read book Nuclear Hydrogen Production Handbook written by Xing L. Yan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 939 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by two leading researchers from the world-renowned Japan Atomic Energy Agency, the Nuclear Hydrogen Production Handbook is an unrivalled overview of current and future prospects for the effective production of hydrogen via nuclear energy. Combining information from scholarly analyses, industrial data, references, and other resources, this h
Book Synopsis Detailed Analysis of the Hydrogen Sulfide Production Step in a Sulfur-sulfur Thermochemical Water Splitting Cycle by : Kevin R. Caple
Download or read book Detailed Analysis of the Hydrogen Sulfide Production Step in a Sulfur-sulfur Thermochemical Water Splitting Cycle written by Kevin R. Caple and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of hydrogen has been one of the most heavily studied, energy related fields over the past half century, yet few methods are commercially or economically viable and none are currently sustainable. Of those aiming at the sustainable production of hydrogen using renewable resources, perhaps the most widely studied are those attempting to thermochemically split water via various chemical intermediates. These provide an attractive conceptual alternative to other methods due to lower energy input requirements and to the production of the targeted hydrogen and oxygen in separate reaction steps. One of the most widely studied thermochemical cycles is the Sulfur-Iodine cycle, the development of which has recently slowed due to the difficulty in the separation of hydrogen iodine from a hydrogen iodide-iodine-water azeotrope, material compatibility issues, and the perceived need use large amounts of iodine in the process. A modification of the Sulfur-Iodine thermochemical cycle that attempts to avoid those issues along with mitigating the need to process large amounts of water in the cycle was developed, in a cycle we describe as the Sulfur-Sulfur cycle. This new thermochemical cycle can be summarized by the reaction sequence shown below. [see abstract for chemical reactions] Previous work in our group demonstrated the viability of implementing the cycle's low temperature reactions (the first reaction pair, which we call the Bunsen reaction and the Hydrogen Sulfide Production (HSP) reactions) in ionic liquids, which removes the need to process large amounts of water and iodine in the reaction sequence, and minimizes the material compatibility issues, and also demonstrated the feasibility of stream reforming hydrogen sulfide. The present work focuses on an exergetic analysis of the Sulfur-Sulfur cycle, the careful determination of reaction kinetics for the HSP reaction, and developing a model of the kinetics of the low temperature reactions. The exergetic analysis was carried out based on the published thermochemical parameters for the species involved. The analysis showed that the maximum theoretical exergetic efficiency of the Sulfur-Sulfur cycle is nearly 70% with a strong dependence on the reaction temperature of the low temperature reactions. The kinetics of the Bunsen and HSP were investigated through iodine colorimetery and the effect of water was determined. This kinetic data was used for the development of a predictive kinetic model that could accurately monitor the progression of iodine through the reaction system. The work showed that the Bunsen reaction is very fast with an activation energy (E[subscript aB]) of 92.83 kJ/mol and a pre-exponential factor (k0) of 7.65E+14 min−1, while for the HSP reaction, they were determined to be 117.09 kJ/mole and 7.73E+16 min−1. Integration of these two reactions into a single differential model based on iodine concentration fit the experimental profile extremely well The effect of including a Lewis base other than water in the reaction mixture yielded promising results that warrant future development. Specifically, the rates of both the Bunsen and HSP reactions increased with an increase in the pK[subscript b] of the added Lewis base. A local protocol to recycle the ionic liquid, enabling it to be reused in new experiments, was successfully developed. When the recycled ionic liquid is employed, effects similar to those found through the inclusion of the Lewis base were observed, suggesting that a decomposition product remains in the recycled ionic liquid. This effect could be minimized by acid washing the recycled ionic liquid prior to use.
Book Synopsis Materials for the Hydrogen Economy by : Russell H. Jones
Download or read book Materials for the Hydrogen Economy written by Russell H. Jones and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-12-22 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen offers a promising alternative for supplying clean and sustainable energy to meet increasing demands worldwide. However, materials are key to transforming the technology into a viable industry. Materials for the Hydrogen Economy describes the technical challenges and the current efforts in developing materials possessing the properties req
Book Synopsis Sustainable Hydrogen Production by : Ibrahim Dincer
Download or read book Sustainable Hydrogen Production written by Ibrahim Dincer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-08-05 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Hydrogen Production provides readers with an introduction to the processes and technologies used in major hydrogen production methods. This book serves as a unique source for information on advanced hydrogen generation systems and applications (including integrated systems, hybrid systems, and multigeneration systems with hydrogen production). Advanced and clean technologies are linked to environmental impact issues, and methods for sustainable development are thoroughly discussed. With Earth’s fast-growing populations, we face the challenge of rapidly rising energy needs. To balance these we must explore more sustainable methods of energy production. Hydrogen is one key sustainable method because of its versatility. It is a constituent of a large palette of essential materials, chemicals, and fuels. It is a source of power and a source of heat. Because of this versatility, the demand for hydrogen is sure to increase as we aim to explore more sustainable methods of energy. Furthermore, Sustainable Hydrogen Production provides methodologies, models, and analysis techniques to help achieve better use of resources, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. The book is intellectually rich and interesting as well as practical. The fundamental methods of hydrogen production are categorized based on type of energy source: electrical, thermal, photonic, and biochemical. Where appropriate, historical context is introduced. Thermodynamic concepts, illustrative examples, and case studies are used to solve concrete power engineering problems. Addresses the fundamentals of hydrogen production using electrical, thermal, photonic, and biochemical energies Presents new models, methods, and parameters for performance assessment Provides historical background where appropriate Outlines key connections between hydrogen production methods and environmental impact/sustainable development Provides illustrative examples, case studies, and study problems within each chapter
Book Synopsis Renewable Hydrogen Technologies by : Luis M Gandia
Download or read book Renewable Hydrogen Technologies written by Luis M Gandia and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-05-03 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fields covered by the hydrogen energy topic have grown rapidly, and now it has become clearly multidisciplinary. In addition to production, hydrogen purification and especially storage are key challenges that could limit the use of hydrogen fuel. In this book, the purification of hydrogen with membrane technology and its storage in "solid" form using new hydrides and carbon materials are addressed. Other novelties of this volume include the power conditioning of water electrolyzers, the integration in the electric grid of renewable hydrogen systems and the future role of microreactors and micro-process engineering in hydrogen technology as well as the potential of computational fluid dynamics to hydrogen equipment design and the assessment of safety issues. Finally, and being aware that transportation will likely constitute the first commercial application of hydrogen fuel, two chapters are devoted to the recent advances in hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines for transport vehicles. Hydrogen from water and biomass considered Holistic approach to the topic of renewable hydrogen production Power conditioning of water electrolyzers and integration of renewable hydrogen energy systems considered Subjects not included in previous books on hydrogen energy Micro process technology considered Subject not included in previous books on hydrogen energy Applications of CFD considered Subject not included in previous books on hydrogen energy Fundamental aspects will not be discussed in detail consciously as they are suitably addressed in previous books Emphasis on technological advancements Chapters written by recognized experts Up-to date approach to the subjects and relevant bibliographic references
Book Synopsis Life-cycle Environmental Assessment of the Nuclear Production of Hydrogen Using the Sulfur-iodine Cycle by : William C. Lattin
Download or read book Life-cycle Environmental Assessment of the Nuclear Production of Hydrogen Using the Sulfur-iodine Cycle written by William C. Lattin and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The threat of global warming due to greenhouse gases in the earth's atmosphere has prompted reexamination of the use of fossil fuels for transportation. Several alternative fuels are proposed including ethanol, bio-fuels, hydrogen, and others. Each has advantages and disadvantages, primary energy requirements and environmental emissions. Life-cycle environmental assessments have been performed on a number of alternative fuels. As an energy carrier, hydrogen produced using nuclear energy appears to be the most promising based on lowest greenhouse gas emissions. The U.S. Congress established a goal of 2.5 million light-duty passenger vehicles powered by hydrogen on the road by 2020. Using hydrogen instead of petroleum-based fuel will reduce carbon-dioxide emissions by over 99 percent. However, progress toward that goal has been less than desired from the aspects of nuclear reactor development and construction, fuel-cell vehicle development and deployment, and infrastructure development. The U.S. Department of Energy has selected the sulfur-iodine thermochemical cycle, coupled with a very high-temperature nuclear reactor, as a candidate process for the production of hydrogen. Thermochemical water-splitting processes generate no greenhouse gas emissions during operation unlike the current method of hydrogen production from steam reforming of methane from natural gas. However, nuclear-hydrogen plant construction, nuclear fuel fabrication, installation and operation, as well as raw material and chemical inventories deplete natural resources, consume energy, and emit greenhouse gases. A cradle-to-grave life-cycle assessment of the sulfur-iodine process is performed with respect to significant environmental aspects using the international standard for life-cycle environmental assessment, ISO-14040. Production of hydrogen using the sulfur-iodine process results in emission of 2500g CO2/kg H2, much lower greenhouse gas emissions than steam reforming of methane. Lack of progress on the design and construction of a very high-temperature nuclear reactor has hindered development of the sulfur-iodine cycle. When the heat source and the production method are developed and tested, implementation of the hydrogen economy will require an aggressive construction schedule to build the number of nuclear-hydrogen plants required in the time necessary.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Production from Nuclear Energy by : Greg F Naterer
Download or read book Hydrogen Production from Nuclear Energy written by Greg F Naterer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the resurgence of nuclear power around the world, and the increasingly important role of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier, the utilization of nuclear energy for large-scale hydrogen production will have a key role in a sustainable energy future. Co-generation of both electricity and hydrogen from nuclear plants will become increasingly attractive. It enables load leveling together with renewable energy and storage of electricity in the form of hydrogen, when electricity prices and demand are lowest at off-peak hours of nuclear plants, such as overnight. Hydrogen Production from Nuclear Energy provides an overview of the latest developments and methods of nuclear based hydrogen production, including electrolysis and thermochemical cycles. Particular focus is given to thermochemical water splitting by the copper-chlorine and sulphur-based cycles. Cycle configurations, equipment design, modeling and implementation issues are presented and discussed. The book provides the reader with an overview of the key enabling technologies towards the design and industrialization of hydrogen plants that are co-located and linked with nuclear plants in the future. The book includes illustrations of technology developments, tables that summarize key features and results, overviews of recent advances and new methods of nuclear hydrogen production. The latest results from leading authorities in the fields will be presented, including efficiencies, costs, equipment design, and modeling.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Production Via a Sulfur-sulfur Thermochemical Water-splitting Cycle by : Nicholas J. AuYeung
Download or read book Hydrogen Production Via a Sulfur-sulfur Thermochemical Water-splitting Cycle written by Nicholas J. AuYeung and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermochemical water splitting cycles have been conceptualized and researched for over half a century, yet to this day none are commercially viable. The heavily studied Sulfur-Iodine cycle has been stalled in the early development stage due to a difficult HI-H2O separation step and material compatibility issues. In an effort to avoid the azeotropic HI-H2O mixture, an imidazolium-based ionic liquid was used as a reaction medium instead of water. Ionic liquids were selected based on their high solubility for SO2, I2, and tunable miscibility with water. The initial low temperature step of the Sulfur-Iodine cycle was successfully carried out in ionic liquid reaction medium. Kinetics of the reaction were investigated by I2 colorimetry. The reaction also evolved H2S gas, which led to the conceptual idea of a new Sulfur-Sulfur thermochemical cycle, shown below: [equation] The critical step in the Sulfur-Sulfur cycle is the steam reformation of H2S. This highly endothermic step is shown to successfully occur at temperatures in excess of 800°C in the presence of a molybdenum catalyst. A parametric study varying the H2O:H2S ratio, temperature, and residence time in a simple tubular quartz reactor was carried out and Arrhenius parameters were estimated. All reactive steps of the Sulfur-Sulfur cycle have been either demonstrated previously or demonstrated in this work. A theoretical heat-to-hydrogen thermal efficiency is estimated to be 55% at a hot temperature of 1100 K and 59% at 2000 K. As a highly efficient, all-fluid based thermochemical cycle, the Sulfur-Sulfur cycle has great potential for feasible process implementation for the transformation of high quality heat to chemical energy.
Book Synopsis Energy Resources and Systems by : Tushar K. Ghosh
Download or read book Energy Resources and Systems written by Tushar K. Ghosh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second volume of Energy Resources and Systems is focused on renewable energy resources. Renewable energy mainly comes from wind, solar, hydropower, geothermal, ocean, bioenergy, ethanol and hydrogen. Each of these energy resources is important and growing. For example, high-head hydroelectric energy is a well established energy resource and already contributes about 20% of the world’s electricity. Some countries have significant high-head resources and produce the bulk of their electrical power by this method. However, the bulk of the world’s high-head hydroelectric resources have not been exploited, particularly by the underdeveloped countries. Low-head hydroelectric is unexploited and has the potential to be a growth area. Wind energy is the fastest growing of the renewable energy resources for the electricity generation. Solar energy is a popular renewable energy resource. Geothermal energy is viable near volcanic areas. Bioenergy and ethanol have grown in recent years primarily due to changes in public policy meant to encourage its usage. Energy policies stimulated the growth of ethanol, for example, with the unintended side effect of rise in food prices. Hydrogen has been pushed as a transportation fuel. The authors want to provide a comprehensive series of texts on the interlinking of the nature of energy resources, the systems that utilize them, the environmental effects, the socioeconomic impact, the political aspects and governing policies. Volume 1 on Fundamentals and Non Renewable Resources was published in 2009. It blends fundamental concepts with an understanding of the non-renewable resources that dominate today’s society. The authors are now working on Volume 3, on nuclear advanced energy resources and nuclear batteries, consists of fusion, space power systems, nuclear energy conversion, nuclear batteries and advanced power, fuel cells and energy storage. Volume 4 will cover environmental effects, remediation and policy. Solutions to providing long term, stable and economical energy is a complex problem, which links social, economical, technical and environmental issues. It is the goal of the four volume Energy Resources and Systems series to tell the whole story and provide the background required by students of energy to understand the complex nature of the problem and the importance of linking social, economical, technical and environmental issues.
Book Synopsis Sulfur Iodine Process Summary for the Hydrogen Technology Down-Selection by :
Download or read book Sulfur Iodine Process Summary for the Hydrogen Technology Down-Selection written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the sulfur-iodine (SI) thermochemical water splitting process for the purpose of supporting the process for evaluating and recommending a hydrogen production technology to deploy with the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP). This package provides the baseline process description as well as a comparison with the process as it was implemented in the Integrated Lab Scale (ILS) experiment conducted at General Atomics from 2006-2009.
Book Synopsis Conversion of Water and CO2 to Fuels using Solar Energy by : Oomman K. Varghese
Download or read book Conversion of Water and CO2 to Fuels using Solar Energy written by Oomman K. Varghese and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-02-05 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conversion of Water and CO2 to Fuels usingSolar Energy Comprehensive Resource for Understanding the Emerging Solar Technologies for Hydrogen Generation via Water Splitting and Carbon-based Fuel Production via CO2 Recycling Fossil fuel burning is the primary source of carbon in the atmosphere. The realization that such burning can harm the life on our planet, has led to a surge in research activities that focus on the development of alternative strategies for energy conversion. Fuel generation using solar energy is one of the most promising approaches that has received widespread attention. The fuels produced using sunlight are commonly referred to as “solar fuels.” This book provides researchers interested in solar fuel generation a comprehensive understanding of the emerging solar technologies for hydrogen generation via water splitting and carbon-based fuel production via CO2 recycling. The book presents the fundamental science, technologies, techno-economic analysis, and most importantly, the materials that are being explored to establish artificial methods of fuel production using solar energy. For the rapid advancement of the field, it is necessary for researchers, particularly for those who are new to the field, to have clear knowledge of various materials studied so far and their performance. For this reason, almost half of the book is dedicated to the discussions on materials and properties. Key topics discussed in the book include: Photocatalytic/photoelectrochemical processes that use semiconductor photocatalysts, including both ceramic and non-ceramic materials Photovoltaic assisted electrochemical processes Solar thermochemical processes Molecular photosynthesis Researchers and professionals in the fields of energy and materials and closely related science and engineering disciplines could use this book to aquire clear insights on both mainstream solar fuel technologies and those in the developmental stages.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Supply Chain by : Catherine Azzaro-Pantel
Download or read book Hydrogen Supply Chain written by Catherine Azzaro-Pantel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-18 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design, Deployment and Operation of a Hydrogen Supply Chain introduces current energy system and the challenges that may hinder the large-scale adoption of hydrogen as an energy carrier. It covers the different aspects of a methodological framework for designing a HSC, including production, storage, transportation and infrastructure. Each technology’s advantages and drawbacks are evaluated, including their technology readiness level (TRL). The multiple applications of hydrogen for energy are presented, including use in fuel cells, combustion engines, as an alternative to natural gas and power to gas. Through analysis and forecasting, the authors explore deployment scenarios, considering the dynamic aspect of HSCs. In addition, the book proposes methods and tools that can be selected for a multi-criteria optimal design, including performance drivers and economic, environmental and societal metrics. Due to its systems-based approach, this book is ideal for engineering professionals, researchers and graduate students in the field of energy systems, energy supply and management, process systems and even policymakers. Explores the key drivers of hydrogen supply chain design and performance evaluation, including production and storage facilities, transportation, information, sourcing, pricing and sustainability Presents multi-criteria tools for the optimization of hydrogen supply chains and their integration in the overall energy system Examines the available technology, their strengths and weaknesses, and their technology readiness levels (TRL), to draw future perspectives of hydrogen markets and propose deployment scenarios Includes international case studies of hydrogen supply chains at various scales
Book Synopsis Thermochemical Hydrogen Production. Volume 4 by : Institute of Gas Technology
Download or read book Thermochemical Hydrogen Production. Volume 4 written by Institute of Gas Technology and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogen Fuel written by Ram B. Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-07-30 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Methane to Hydrogen-Making the Switch to a Cleaner Fuel Source The world's overdependence on fossil fuels has created environmental problems, such as air pollution and global warming, as well as political and economic unrest. With water as its only by-product and its availability in all parts of the world, hydrogen promises to be the next grea
