Constraints On Numerical Expressions

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Constraints on Numerical Expressions

Author : Chris Cummins
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191511730
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Constraints on Numerical Expressions by : Chris Cummins

Download or read book Constraints on Numerical Expressions written by Chris Cummins and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-01-29 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers how expressions involving number are used by speakers and understood by hearers. A speaker's choice of expression can be a complex problem even in relatively simple-looking domains. In the case of numerical expressions, there are often many choices that would be semantically acceptable: for instance, if 'more than 200' is true, then so is 'more than 199', 'more than 150', and 'more than 100', among others. A speaker does not choose between these options arbitrarily but also does not consistently follow any simple rule. The hearer is interested not just in what has been said but also in any further inferences that can be drawn. Chris Cummins offers a set of criteria that individually influence the speaker's choice of expression. The process of choosing what to say is then treated as a problem of multiple constraint satisfaction. This approach enables multiple different considerations, drawn from principles of semantics, philosophy, psycholinguistics and the psychology of number, simultaneously to be integrated within a single coherent account. This constraint-based model offers novel predictions about usage and interpretation that are borne out experimentally and in corpus research. It also explains problematic data in numerical quantification that have previously been handled by more stipulative means, and offers a potential line of attack for addressing the problem of the speaker's choice in more general linguistic environments.

Constraint Solving and Language Processing

Author : Denys Duchier
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642415784
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (424 download)

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Book Synopsis Constraint Solving and Language Processing by : Denys Duchier

Download or read book Constraint Solving and Language Processing written by Denys Duchier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-12 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Constraint Solving and Language Processing (CSLP) workshop considers the role of constraints in the representation of language and the implementation of language processing applications. This theme should be interpreted inclusively: it includes contributions from linguistics, computer science, psycholinguistics and related areas, with a particular interest in interdisciplinary perspectives. Constraints are widely used in linguistics, computer science, and psychology. How they are used, however, varies widely according to the research domain: knowledge representation, cognitive modelling, problem solving mechanisms, etc. These different perspectives are complementary, each one adding a piece to the puzzle.

The NCL Natural Constraint Language

Author : Jianyang Zhou
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642238459
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis The NCL Natural Constraint Language by : Jianyang Zhou

Download or read book The NCL Natural Constraint Language written by Jianyang Zhou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-09 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The NCL Natural Constraint Language" presents the NCL language which is a description language in conventional mathematical logic for modeling and solving constraint satisfaction problems. NCL differs from other declarative languages: It models problems naturally in a simplified form of first-order logic with quantifiers, Boolean logic, numeric constraints, set operations and logical functions; it solves problems by mixed set programming over the mixed domain of real numbers, integers, Booleans, dates/times, references, and in particular sets. The book uses plenty of examples and tutorials to illustrate NCL and its applications. It is intended for researchers and developers in the fields of logic programming, constraint programming, optimization, modeling, operations research and artificial intelligence, who will learn from a new programming language and theoretical foundations for industrial applications. Dr. Jianyang Zhou is the inventor of NCL and has worked for its industrialization for more than 10 years.

Parallel and Constraint Logic Programming

Author : Ioannis Vlahavas
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461551196
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Parallel and Constraint Logic Programming by : Ioannis Vlahavas

Download or read book Parallel and Constraint Logic Programming written by Ioannis Vlahavas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constraint Logic Programming (CLP), an area of extreme research interest in recent years, extends the semantics of Prolog in such a way that the combinatorial explosion, a characteristic of most problems in the field of Artificial Intelligence, can be tackled efficiently. By employing solvers dedicated to each domain instead of the unification algorithm, CLP drastically reduces the search space of the problem, which leads to increased efficiency in the execution of logic programs. CLP offers the possibility of solving complex combinatorial problems in an efficient way, and at the same time maintains the advantages offered by the declarativeness of logic programming. The aim of this book is to present parallel and constraint logic programming, offering a basic understanding of the two fields to the reader new to the area. The first part of the book gives an introduction to the fundamental aspects of conventional logic programming which is necessary for understanding the parts that follow. The second part includes an introduction to parallel logic programming, architectures and implementations proposed in the area. Finally, the third part presents the principles of constraint logic programming. The last two parts also include descriptions of the supporting facilities for the two paradigms in two popular systems; ECLIPSe and SICStus. These platforms have been selected mainly because they offer both parallel and constraint features. Annotated and explained examples are also included in the relevant parts, offering a valuable guide and a first practical experience to the reader. Finally, applications of the covered paradigms are presented. The authors felt that a book of this kind should provide some theoretical background necessary for the understanding of the covered logic programming paradigms, and a quick start for the reader interested in writing parallel and constraint logic programming programs. However it is outside the scope of this book to provide a deep theoretical background of the two areas. In that sense, this book is addressed to a public interested in obtaining a knowledge of the domain, without spending the time and effort to understand the extensive theoretical work done in the field – namely postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students in the area of logic programming. This book fills a gap in the current bibliography, since there is no comprehensive book of this level that covers the areas of conventional, parallel, and constraint logic programming. Parallel and Constraint Logic Programming: An Introduction to Logic, Parallelism and Constraints is appropriate for an advanced level course on Logic Programming or Constraints, and as a reference for practitioners and researchers in industry.

Constraint Reasoning for Differential Models

Author : Jorge Cruz
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1586035320
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Constraint Reasoning for Differential Models by : Jorge Cruz

Download or read book Constraint Reasoning for Differential Models written by Jorge Cruz and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on the integration of ordinary differential equations within the interval constraints framework, which for this purpose is extended with the formalism of Constraint Satisfaction Differential Problems. Such a framework allows the specification of ordinary differential equations by means of constraints.

Language and Automata Theory and Applications

Author : Adrian-Horia Dediu
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642283322
Total Pages : 565 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Language and Automata Theory and Applications by : Adrian-Horia Dediu

Download or read book Language and Automata Theory and Applications written by Adrian-Horia Dediu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-02-29 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Language and Automata Theory and Applications, LATA 2012, held in A Coruña, Spain in March 2012. The 41 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited talks and 2 invited tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 114 initial submissions. The volume features contributions from both classical theory fields and application areas; e.g. innformatics, systems biology, language technology, artificial intelligence, etc. Among the topics covered are algebraic language theory, automata and logic, systems analysis, systems verifications, computational complexity, decidability, unification, graph transformations, language-based cryptography, and applications in data mining, computational learning, and pattern recognition.

What is a Context?

Author : Rita Finkbeiner
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027273219
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis What is a Context? by : Rita Finkbeiner

Download or read book What is a Context? written by Rita Finkbeiner and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2012-10-23 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Context is a core notion of linguistic theory. However, while there are numerous attempts at explaining single aspects of the notion of context, these attempts are rather diverse and do not easily converge to a unified theory of context. The present multi-faceted collection of papers reconsiders the notion of context and its challenges for linguistics from different theoretical and empirical angles. Part I offers insights into a wide range of current approaches to context, including theoretical pragmatics, neurolinguistics, clinical pragmatics, interactional linguistics, and psycholinguistics. Part II presents new empirical findings on the role of context from case studies on idioms, unarticulated constituents, argument linking, and numerically-quantified expressions. Bringing together different theoretical frameworks, the volume provides thought-provoking discussions of how the notion of context can be understood, modeled, and implemented in linguistics. It is essential for researchers interested in theoretical and applied linguistics, the semantics/pragmatics interface, and experimental pragmatics.

Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming

Author : Peter J. Stuckey
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540859586
Total Pages : 662 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming by : Peter J. Stuckey

Download or read book Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming written by Peter J. Stuckey and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-09-22 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2008) held in Sydney, Australia, September 14–18, 2008. The conference was held in conjunction with the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS 2008) and the International Conference on Knowledge Representation and R- soning (KR 2008). Information about the conference can be found at the w- sitehttp://www. unimelb. edu. au/cp2008/. Held annually, the CP conference series is the premier international conference on constraint programming. The conference focuses on all aspects of computing with constraints. The CP conf- ence series is organized by the Association for Constraint Programming (ACP). Information about the conferences in the series can be found on the Web at http://www. cs. ualberta. ca/~ai/cp/. Information about ACP can be found athttp://www. a4cp. org/. CP 2008 included two calls for contributions: a call for research papers, - scribing novel contributions in the ?eld, and a call for application papers, - scribing applications of constraint technology. For the ?rst time authors could directly submit short papers for consideration by the committee. The research track received 84 long submissions and 21 short submissions and the application track received 15 long submissions. Each paper received at least three reviews, which the authors had the opportunity to see and to react to, before the papers and their reviews were discussed extensively by the members of the Program Committee.

Constraint and Integer Programming

Author : Michela Milano
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402075834
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (758 download)

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Book Synopsis Constraint and Integer Programming by : Michela Milano

Download or read book Constraint and Integer Programming written by Michela Milano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-11-30 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constraint and Integer Programming presents some of the basic ideas of constraint programming and mathematical programming, explores approaches to integration, brings us up to date on heuristic methods, and attempts to discern future directions in this fast-moving field.

Algorithmic Decision Theory

Author : RONEN BRAFMAN
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 364224873X
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Algorithmic Decision Theory by : RONEN BRAFMAN

Download or read book Algorithmic Decision Theory written by RONEN BRAFMAN and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-10-12 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Algorithmic Decision Theory, ADT 2011, held in Piscataway, NJ, USA, in October 2011. The 24 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 50 submissions.

Non-numeric labels and constrained focal elements

Author : Christophe Osswald
Publisher : Infinite Study
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Non-numeric labels and constrained focal elements by : Christophe Osswald

Download or read book Non-numeric labels and constrained focal elements written by Christophe Osswald and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory of belief functions allows to build a large family of combination operators, based mostly on intersections and unions between the focal elements expressed by the experts, and multiplications and additions on the masses aﬀected to these focal elements.

Logic Programming, Knowledge Representation, and Nonmonotonic Reasoning

Author : Marcello Balduccini
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642208312
Total Pages : 524 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic Programming, Knowledge Representation, and Nonmonotonic Reasoning by : Marcello Balduccini

Download or read book Logic Programming, Knowledge Representation, and Nonmonotonic Reasoning written by Marcello Balduccini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-13 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Festschrift volume, published in honor of Michael Gelfond on the occasion of his 65th birthday, contains a collection of papers written by his closest friends and colleagues. Several of these papers were presented during the Symposium on Constructive Mathematics in Computer Science, held in Lexington, KY, USA on October 25-26, 2010. The 27 scientific papers included in the book focus on answer set programming. The papers are organized in sections named “Foundations: ASP and Theories of LP, KR, and NMR”, “ASP and Dynamic Domains”, and “ASP – Applications and Tools”.

Mathematical Modeling and Optimization

Author : Tony Hürlimann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 147575793X
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematical Modeling and Optimization by : Tony Hürlimann

Download or read book Mathematical Modeling and Optimization written by Tony Hürlimann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer-based mathematical modeling - the technique of representing and managing models in machine-readable form - is still in its infancy despite the many powerful mathematical software packages already available which can solve astonishingly complex and large models. On the one hand, using mathematical and logical notation, we can formulate models which cannot be solved by any computer in reasonable time - or which cannot even be solved by any method. On the other hand, we can solve certain classes of much larger models than we can practically handle and manipulate without heavy programming. This is especially true in operations research where it is common to solve models with many thousands of variables. Even today, there are no general modeling tools that accompany the whole modeling process from start to finish, that is to say, from model creation to report writing. This book proposes a framework for computer-based modeling. More precisely, it puts forward a modeling language as a kernel representation for mathematical models. It presents a general specification for modeling tools. The book does not expose any solution methods or algorithms which may be useful in solving models, neither is it a treatise on how to build them. No help is intended here for the modeler by giving practical modeling exercises, although several models will be presented in order to illustrate the framework. Nevertheless, a short introduction to the modeling process is given in order to expound the necessary background for the proposed modeling framework.

Logic Programming

Author : Maria Garcia Banda
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540899812
Total Pages : 842 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic Programming by : Maria Garcia Banda

Download or read book Logic Programming written by Maria Garcia Banda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-02 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Logic Programming, ICLP 2008, held in Udine, Italy, in December 2008. The 35 revised full papers together with 2 invited talks, 2 invited tutorials, 11 papers of the co-located first Workshop on Answer Set Programming and Other Computing Paradigms (ASPOCP 2008), as well as 26 poster presentations and the abstracts of 11 doctoral consortium articles were carefully reviewed and selected from 177 initial submissions. The papers cover all issues of current research in logic programming - they are organized in topical sections on applications, algorithms, systems, and implementations, semantics and foundations, analysis and transformations, CHRs and extensions, implementations and systems, answer set programming and extensions, as well as constraints and optimizations.

Frontiers of Combining Systems

Author : Alessandro Armando
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 354045988X
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Frontiers of Combining Systems by : Alessandro Armando

Download or read book Frontiers of Combining Systems written by Alessandro Armando and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-08-01 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of FroCoS 2002, the 4th International Workshop on Frontiers of Combining Systems, held April 8-10, 2002 in Santa Margherita Ligure (near Genova), Italy. Like its predecessors, organized in - nich (1996), Amsterdam (1998), and Nancy (2000), FroCoS 2002 o?ered a c- mon forum for the presentation and discussion of research activities on the c- bination and integration of systems in various areas of computer science, such as logic, computation, program development and proof, arti?cial intelligence, mechanical veri?cation, and symbolic computation. There were 35 submissions of high quality, authored by researchers from countries including Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Singapore, United Kingdom, United States of America, and - goslavia. All the submissions were thoroughly evaluated on the basis of at least three referee reports, and an electronic program committee meeting was held through the Internet. The program committee selected 14 research contributions. The topics covered by the selected papers include: combination of logics, c- bination of constraint solving techniques, combination of decision procedures, combination problems in veri?cation, modular properties of theorem proving, integration of decision procedures and other solving processes into constraint programming and deduction systems.

Your Wish is My Command

Author : Henry Lieberman
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN 13 : 1558606882
Total Pages : 443 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (586 download)

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Book Synopsis Your Wish is My Command by : Henry Lieberman

Download or read book Your Wish is My Command written by Henry Lieberman and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2001 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novice programming comes of age / David Canfield Smith, Allen Cypher, Larry Tesler -- Generalizing by removing detail : how any program can be created by working with examples / Ken Kahn -- Demonstrational interfaces : sometimes you need a little intelligence, sometimes you need a lot / Brad A. Myers, Richard McDaniel -- Web browsing by example / Atsushi Sugiura -- Trainable information agents for the Web / Mathias Bauer, Dietmar Dengler, Gabriele Paul -- End users and GIS : a demonstration is worth a thousand words / Carol Traynor, Marian G. Williams -- Bringing programming by demonstration to CAD users / Patrick Girard -- Demonstrating the hidden features that make an application work / Richard McDaniel -- A reporting tool using programming by example for format designation / Tetsuya Masuishi, Nobuo Takahashi -- Composition by example / Toshiyuki Masui -- Learning repetitive text-editing procedures with SMARTedit / Tessa Lau ... [et al.] -- Training agents to recognize text by exampl ...

Progress in Spatial Data Handling

Author : Andreas Riedl
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540355898
Total Pages : 947 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Progress in Spatial Data Handling by : Andreas Riedl

Download or read book Progress in Spatial Data Handling written by Andreas Riedl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-01 with total page 947 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first symposium in 1984 the International Symposia on Spatial Data Handling (SDH) has become a major resource for recent advances in GIS research. The International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling is regarded as a premier international research forum for GIS. All papers are fully reviewed by an international program committee composed of experts in the field.