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Conservatin Genetics Of Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis
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Book Synopsis Conservation Genetics of Remnant Anadromous Brook Trout, Salvelinus Fontinalis, Populations at the Southern Limit of Their Distribution by : Brendan J. Annett
Download or read book Conservation Genetics of Remnant Anadromous Brook Trout, Salvelinus Fontinalis, Populations at the Southern Limit of Their Distribution written by Brendan J. Annett and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis CONSERVATION GENETICS OF SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BROOK TROUT (Salvelinus Fontinalis). by : Thomas Casey Weathers
Download or read book CONSERVATION GENETICS OF SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BROOK TROUT (Salvelinus Fontinalis). written by Thomas Casey Weathers and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many range-restricted species, particularly mountaintop species, are often the first groups in which entire species experience extinction due to range contractions and perturbations. Rear-edge, lower latitude, salmonid populations often occupy fragmented habitats and may in turn exhibit more pronounced signatures of isolation than higher latitude conspecifics. Therefore, rear-edge populations present significant conservation challenges to biologists interested in identifying and maintaining ecological and evolutionary processes within and among such populations. Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), the only endemic salmonid to southern Appalachia, are rich in ecologically and evolutionarily interesting traits such as multiple life history forms, broad latitudinal and elevational distribution, and prodigious neutral genetic differentiation. Causes of continual Brook Trout population and range declines include overharvest, acid precipitation, habitat degradation, competition with non-native species, and climate change. Such declines have led to the increased isolation of many populations of Brook Trout. In the absence of gene flow many isolated populations of Brook Trout may exhibit rapid genetic drift or inbreeding, thus resulting in subsequent losses of adaptive potential. Consequently, there is considerable demand for the implementation of restoration programs that maximize population recovery and resilience of wild Brook Trout. As such, resource managers must plan for an evolutionary future for such a trust species. While the current paradigm of conservation places emphasis on recognition and protection of irreplaceable evolutionarily distinct lineages, the precise and accurate delineation of populations must become a priority. Once populations are identified the best strategy for future conservation may be to enhance connectivity via restoration or translocation efforts rather than protecting specific genotypes. Elucidating spatial clusters of Brook Trout is critical to their conservation, particularly regarding unprecedented environmental change. Therefore, I have combined informative microsatellite data with riverscape genetics approaches to assess whether functional (meta)population assemblages exist among rear-edge populations of Brook Trout sampled across southern Appalachia in the following research chapters. My research elucidates the effects of isolation and fragmentation on Brook Trout genetic and phenotypic (i.e., morphometric and meristic) differentiation, whether neighboring populations exhibit enough gene flow to warrant being considered metapopulations, and the effect of potential barriers to gene flow upon subsequent metapopulation dynamics and genetic diversity. My research largely suggests that rear-edge populations of Brook Trout exhibit extensive neutral genetic differences and appear to be prodigiously isolated. My findings provide biologists a reference when setting management and conservation priorities and may foster more aggressive efforts focused on restoring connectivity among many populations of rear-edge Brook Trout. Further, by demarcating population and subpopulation clusters across riverscapes I provide resource managers information needed to enhance future Brook Trout conservation outcomes.I sought to document existing patterns of genetic variation within and among populations of Brook Trout and then translate my results into an approachable format for managers to access for future management and conservation decision making and to further encourage managers to implement population genetic monitoring programs. My work supports that non-native trout removals combined with habitat restorations could improve connectivity and enhance the outlook for many fragmented populations of wild, native brook trout across southern Appalachia. Moreover, it is my hope that the results from these studies can be used by Brook Trout biologists to select local restoration source stocks used to potentially bolster the effectiveness of different conservation strategies (i.e., founder translocations and genetic rescue).
Book Synopsis Conservatin Genetics of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) by : Matthew William Jones
Download or read book Conservatin Genetics of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) written by Matthew William Jones and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conservation Genetics and Metapopulation Structure of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) in Nipigon Bay (Lake Superior, Ontario) by : Silvia D'Amelio
Download or read book Conservation Genetics and Metapopulation Structure of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) in Nipigon Bay (Lake Superior, Ontario) written by Silvia D'Amelio and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigating the Conservation Genetics Small Population Paradigm Using the Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) by : Jacquelyn L. A. Wood
Download or read book Investigating the Conservation Genetics Small Population Paradigm Using the Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) written by Jacquelyn L. A. Wood and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conservation genetics small population paradigm predicts reduced quantitative genetic variation and consequently, adaptive potential, for populations which have become small and isolated due to habitat fragmentation. While these expectations are supported by laboratory studies, their generality in wild populations remain unresolved. In actuality, the evolutionary consequences of fragmentation may depend on whether environmental characteristics– and by extension, selective regimes are (1) shifted in a consistent directional manner as is widely assumed (Directional hypothesis), or (2) become more variable as population and fragment size decrease (Variable hypothesis); this latter possibility has so far received little empirical attention. Implementing field techniques, I explore these two competing hypotheses by relating variability in habitat characteristics to population size in a series of differentially abundant brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations located at Cape Race, Newfoundland. I furthermore use these hypotheses as a foundation to test the assumptions of the conservation genetic small population paradigm by investigating the relationships of population size at Cape Race to additive genetic variation (VA), trait differentiation (QST), and phenotypic plasticity in common garden analyses, and to the extent of natural selection in a meta-analysis using a large number of natural populations and species. Across two years and in relation to two population size metrics, patterns of habitat characteristics among small versus large Cape Race populations supported the Variable hypothesis. However, small brook trout populations did not significantly differ from large populations in either the magnitude or variability of VA, QST, or phenotypic plasticity. Results of the meta-analysis similarly revealed little support for differences in the strength, direction, and form of selection among wild populations differing in population size. The lack of differences might be explained by long term fluctuating environmental conditions which resulted in fluctuating selective pressures and similar outcomes among small compared to large Cape Race populations, and among the species included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the results of this research contradict the assumption that small populations generally inhabit marginal environments and also dispute the major tenets of the conservation genetics small population paradigm. Taken together, they suggest that even very small populations of some species may retain the adaptive potential necessary to cope with future environmental change.
Book Synopsis Conservation Genetics of Brook Trout (salvelimus Fontinalis) in Shenandoah National Park by : Alicia Gail Nelson
Download or read book Conservation Genetics of Brook Trout (salvelimus Fontinalis) in Shenandoah National Park written by Alicia Gail Nelson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Estimating the Effective Number of Breeders of Brook Trout, Salvelinus Fontinalis, Over Multiple Generations in Two Stream Systems by : Matthew R. Cembrola
Download or read book Estimating the Effective Number of Breeders of Brook Trout, Salvelinus Fontinalis, Over Multiple Generations in Two Stream Systems written by Matthew R. Cembrola and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of genetic markers in monitoring populations has become increasingly important for conservation purposes, and can take many forms. While effective population size (Ne) is of great interest to conservation genetics, it may be much easier and more practical to estimate the effective number of breeders (Nb) per cohort as a tool for genetic monitoring of populations. Few studies have estimated Nb for the same species over long periods of time in comparison with demographic or environmental variables. I estimated Nb of the eastern brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, as part of long-term studies of two stream systems: West Brook (WB) in Massachusetts and Stanley Brook (SB) in Maine. I used eight microsatellite loci for all available young of the year (YOY) from each cohort in WB and a random subset of YOY distributed evenly throughout SB to obtain genetic-based estimates. I estimated adult abundance (NC) from mark-recapture data, and used seasonal stream flow as an environmental variable. I performed linear models with Nb as the response variable and family structure (number of families and variance in family size), NC, and seasonal stream flow as predictor variables. I found that both the number of families and variance in family size had a strong influence on Nb. Compared to abundance of adults and YOY, Nb was relatively stable over time.Stream flow in both autumn and spring showed a quadratic relationship with Nb in WB, suggesting that intermediate flows are optimal for maintaining a higher Nb. SB, with fewer years of data, did not show these relationships. If incorporated into monitoring programs, Nb can be a useful tool for detecting changes in population status and for informing management decisions.
Book Synopsis Conservation Applications of Watershed-Level Brook Trout Riverscape Genetics by : Lucas Nathan
Download or read book Conservation Applications of Watershed-Level Brook Trout Riverscape Genetics written by Lucas Nathan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis populations are often fragmented due to anthropogenic influences. Although research and conservation actions have traditionally focused at the stream-reach level, inter-stream movements may connect seemingly isolated populations to form larger metapopulations. The overall goal of my research was to use watershed-level riverscape genetics to inform Brook Trout conservation. Specifically, my objectives were to 1) present a synthesis of existing Brook Trout literature and identify future research directions, 2) evaluate Brook Trout genetic population structuring and identify gene flow barriers at the watershed level, 3) validate and modify a pre-existing Brook Trout habitat patch spatial layer that can be used to predict extant Brook Trout metapopulations, and 4) develop decision support tools to identify Brook Trout conservation opportunity areas (COAs) at watershed levels. Using empirical data, I found evidence of genetic connectivity among streams spanning 5 - 15 km of mainstem habitat. Watersheds with high levels of development were associated with increased differentiation, suggesting that development acts a barrier to gene flow at the watershed level. The pre-existing patch layer adequately predicted many genetic metapopulations, however patches with dams or high levels of development often exhibited higher levels of genetic structuring. Modifying the patches reduced evidence of genetic structuring, which suggested a better representation of existing genetic patterns. Using the set of COA tools, I identified patches and watersheds across Connecticut to target for specific conservation actions. Simulating barrier removals, I found rapid (1 - 10 years) increases in genetic diversity, however barrier severity and monitoring location strongly influenced the observed effects. Through this research, I have demonstrated that Brook Trout, despite being isolated by unsuitable mainstem habitat, exist in metapopulations at the watershed level. Such dynamics are important for long term population viability, and thus conservation actions should take watershed-level processes into consideration. Using the modified patch layer and the set of COA tools I developed as part of this research, resource managers can visualize and identify areas across broad landscapes to target for Brook Trout conservation. Doing so will promote the long-term resilience and adaptive potential of Brook Trout metapopulations.
Book Synopsis Among Headwaters Conservation Genetics of Brook Trout by : Jason Vokoun
Download or read book Among Headwaters Conservation Genetics of Brook Trout written by Jason Vokoun and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Project to collect information about population fragmentation and gene flow among headwater brook trout populations in Connecticut.
Book Synopsis Genetic Diversity of Wild Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalist) Populations in New Jersey by : Patricia L. Hamilton
Download or read book Genetic Diversity of Wild Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalist) Populations in New Jersey written by Patricia L. Hamilton and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) in a Remote Adirondack Watershed by : Spencer Bruce
Download or read book Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) in a Remote Adirondack Watershed written by Spencer Bruce and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genetic Characteristics of Southern and Northern Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Populations at the Zone of Contact by : Joanne E. Printz
Download or read book Genetic Characteristics of Southern and Northern Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Populations at the Zone of Contact written by Joanne E. Printz and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population genetic evidence suggests differentiation among evolutionarily significant units of southern and northern Appalachian brook trout, with the zone of contact in southwestern Virginia. Before this differentiation was recognized, brook trout of northern origin were stocked throughout the southeastern United States. In order to determine this differentiation, established allozyme markers were used to classify 56 southwest Virginia populations as southern, northern, or introgressed. Variation at 4 polymorphic loci, including the diagnostic creatine kinase (CK-A2*) locus, indicated that 19 populations were of southern origin, 5 of northern origin, and 32 of mixed genetic origin. Data compiled among genetic studies of brook trout in the southern Appalachians showed that the southern/northern break is sharp, occurring at the New/Roanoke-James watershed divide. New River drainage populations exhibited the southern allele at high frequency, suggesting their historic native character as southern, with presence of northern alleles due to stocking or stream capture events. In conclusion, the present study suggests that management of southern Appalachian brook trout should include: (1) genetically cognizant planning of stocking events, (2) management of populations on a stream-by-stream basis, (3) prioritized conservation of pure southern brook trout populations, and (4) use of southern Appalachian hatchery stocks in restoration efforts.
Book Synopsis Biochemical Genetics of Brook Trout, Salvelinus Fontinalis in North Carolina by :
Download or read book Biochemical Genetics of Brook Trout, Salvelinus Fontinalis in North Carolina written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genetic Investigation of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Population Structure in Lake Superior Tributaries Located in Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan, USA by :
Download or read book Genetic Investigation of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Population Structure in Lake Superior Tributaries Located in Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan, USA written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study focused on four tributaries located in Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore: Miners River, Mosquito River, Sevenmile Creek, and Hurricane River. Eight microsatellite loci were used to examine genetic diversity and structure between groups of brook trout. Brook trout were sampled in Open and Restricted sections from each tributary for wider comparisons between groups. Open designated sections are the downstream portion of the tributary with access to Lake Superior, whereas each Restricted section is the upstream portion above a barrier to fish movement (i.e. waterfall). Adfluvial brook trout were classified from PIT tag movement data from two of the streams (MOS and SVN). Abundance of classified adfluvial (coaster) brook trout, individuals that utilize both stream and lake environments, varied between streams (MOS=35 to SVN= 106). The results showed that adfluvial brook trout were more closely related to the fluvial brook trout from their stream of capture than to other designated adfluvial groups. All Restricted sections of rivers were most closely related to their Open section counterparts, with the exception of Hurricane Restricted which was most closely related to Sevenmile Open. Within the Restricted sections there was moderate genetic differentiation between all tributaries. Miners River was the most genetically distinct population overall followed by Mosquito River, which showed levels consistent with higher interaction rates between other tributaries. Sevenmile Creek and Hurricane River are the most genetically similar populations. This suggests that there is more movement of brook trout between Sevenmile Creek and Hurricane River than between the other sites in PIRO. I suggest that the movement of adfluvial brook trout between systems is the most likely explanation for these patterns and inter-stream movement is driving the genetic dynamics found across the population.
Book Synopsis Conservation Genetics and Metapopulation Structure of Book Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) in Nipigon Bay (Lake Superior, Ontario) by : Silvia D'Amelio
Download or read book Conservation Genetics and Metapopulation Structure of Book Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) in Nipigon Bay (Lake Superior, Ontario) written by Silvia D'Amelio and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biochemical Genetics of Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis, in Georgia by : Rex A. Dunham
Download or read book Biochemical Genetics of Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis, in Georgia written by Rex A. Dunham and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Statewide Analysis of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Population Status and Reach-scale Conservation Priorities in West Virginia Watersheds by :
Download or read book Statewide Analysis of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Population Status and Reach-scale Conservation Priorities in West Virginia Watersheds written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
