Concentration Of Poverty And The Changing Ecology Of Low Income Urban Neighborhoods

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Neighborhood Poverty

Author : Jeanne Brooks-Gunn
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610440862
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Neighborhood Poverty by : Jeanne Brooks-Gunn

Download or read book Neighborhood Poverty written by Jeanne Brooks-Gunn and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 1997-11-13 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perhaps the most alarming phenomenon in American cities has been the transformation of many neighborhoods into isolated ghettos where poverty is the norm and violent crime, drug use, out-of-wedlock births, and soaring school dropout rates are rampant. Public concern over these destitute areas has focused on their most vulnerable inhabitants—children and adolescents. How profoundly does neighborhood poverty endanger their well-being and development? Is the influence of neighborhood more powerful than that of the family? Neighborhood Poverty approaches these questions with an insightful and wide-ranging investigation into the effect of community poverty on children's physical health, cognitive and verbal abilities, educational attainment, and social adjustment. This two-volume set offers the most current research and analysis from experts in the fields of child development, social psychology, sociology and economics. Drawing from national and city-based sources, Volume I reports the empirical evidence concerning the relationship between children and community. As the essays demonstrate, poverty entails a host of problems that affects the quality of educational, recreational, and child care services.Poor neighborhoods usually share other negative features—particularly racial segregation and a preponderance of single mother families—that may adversely affect children. Yet children are not equally susceptible to the pitfalls of deprived communities. Neighborhood has different effects depending on a child's age, race, and gender, while parenting techniques and a family's degree of community involvement also serve as mitigating factors. Volume II incorporates empirical data on neighborhood poverty into discussions of policy and program development. The contributors point to promising community initiatives and suggest methods to strengthen neighborhood-based service programs for children. Several essays analyze the conceptual and methodological issues surrounding the measurement of neighborhood characteristics. These essays focus on the need to expand scientific insight into urban poverty by drawing on broader pools of ethnographic, epidemiological, and quantitative data. Volume II explores the possibilities for a richer and more well-rounded understanding of neighborhood and poverty issues. To grasp the human cost of poverty, we must clearly understand how living in distressed neighborhoods impairs children's ability to function at every level. Neighborhood Poverty explores the multiple and complex paths between community, family, and childhood development. These two volumes provide and indispensable guide for social policy and demonstrate the power of interdisciplinary social science to probe complex social issues.

Person-Environment Practice

Author : Susan P, Kemp
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040278124
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Person-Environment Practice by : Susan P, Kemp

Download or read book Person-Environment Practice written by Susan P, Kemp and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-11-01 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Person-Environment Practice addresses a core but long- neglected dimension in social work and human services practice; accurate environmental assessment and strategic environmental intervention. Despite the centrality of "person-environment" as a key construct in direct practice, the domain of environmental assessment/intervention has received relatively little systematic attention in the practice literature. For a variety of reasons, the core focus of direct practice assessment and change strategies has centered more on "person" than "environment." This book seeks to redress that imbalance. Ironically, the relative lack of attention to environmentally oriented practice persists even as current demands of practice fall increasingly under the rubric of what we here call "environmental intervention," defined as both action in the environment and the process of transforming individual and collective perspectives through critical analysis of the impact of environmental conditions. The authors argue that the ability to understand "environment" from the client's perspective and to function effectively in the environmental domain is central to many emergent areas of practice such as practice with extended families and personal networks, practice from a "strengths" perspective, and culturally competent practice. In Person-Environment Practice, the authors offer a coherent critique and overview of environmental assessment and intervention congruent with the demands of both newly emerging and established interpersonal helping approaches within social work's domain. Robert Halpern of the Erikson Institute for Advanced Studies in Child Development described the book as "as clear, thoughtful and subtle a discussion of how to consider the environment in interpersonal helping as I have seen in the literature" and Anthony Maluccio of Boston College called the book "a timely and exciting contribution, with appreciation and respect for social work practices and qualities of inspiration as well as intellectual stimulation" Susan P. Kemp is assistant professor, School of Social Work, The University of Washington, Seattle. James K. Whittaker is professor, School of Social Work, The University of Washington, Seattle. Elizabeth M. Tracy is associate professor, Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.

Beyond Acting White

Author : Erin McNamara Horvat
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780742542730
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Acting White by : Erin McNamara Horvat

Download or read book Beyond Acting White written by Erin McNamara Horvat and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2006 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beyond Acting White broadens the extant conversation on the Black-White achievement gap that has been dominated by the notion that Blacks underperform in school because they fear (being accused of) 'acting white.' The authors elucidate the limitations of this explanation by presenting new research that theorizes race as a social phenomenon, unmasks the heterogeneity of the Black experience, and contends with the specifics of social context in the culture and organization of schools and communities.

Encyclopedia of World Poverty

Author : Mehmet Odekon
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1452265186
Total Pages : 1760 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of World Poverty by : Mehmet Odekon

Download or read book Encyclopedia of World Poverty written by Mehmet Odekon and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2006-05-16 with total page 1760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty is more than just lack of income, it is deprivation from basic capabilities, rights, and freedoms that provide individuals the necessary choices and opportunities they need to lead a life they value. The Encyclopedia of World Poverty provides extensive and current information, as well as insight into the contemporary debate on poverty. The three volumes of this state-of-the-art Encyclopedia contain over 800 original articles written by more than 125 renowned scholars. The entries contributing to this work explore poverty in various regions of the world, and examine the difficulties associated with the definition and measurement of poverty, along with its causes and effects. Key Features Examines the geographic, political, social, cultural, and other economic characteristics of 191 countries and provides current vital statistics on poverty such as the mortality, disease, literacy, and illiteracy rate for each country Addresses the various definitions and measurement techniques of poverty and includes each country′s ranking according to the Human Development Index and the Human Poverty Index, whenever available Looks at potential causes of poverty, ranging from discrimination to climate factors such as drought and famine, as well as the potential effects of poverty including vulnerability, insecurity, powerlessness, social exclusion and disqualification, and stigmatization Acknowledges the importance of various associations combating poverty such as Civil Society Organizations, Secular Charities, Religious Charities, and Non-Governmental Organizations The Encyclopedia of World Poverty is an authoritative and rigorous source on poverty and related issues, making it a must-have reference for all academic libraries.

The Enduring Challenge of Concentrated Poverty in America

Author : David Erickson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Enduring Challenge of Concentrated Poverty in America by : David Erickson

Download or read book The Enduring Challenge of Concentrated Poverty in America written by David Erickson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report--a joint effort of the Federal Reserve's Community Affairs function and the Brookings Institution's Metropolitan Policy Program--examines the issue of concentrated poverty and profiles 16 high-poverty communities from across the country, including immigrant gateway, Native American, urban, and rural communities. Through these case studies, the report contributes to our understanding of the dynamics of poor people living in poor communities, and the policies that will be needed to bring both into the economic mainstream. It is not the intention of this publication to explain poverty causation. Instead, the goal is to add texture to our understanding of where and how concentrated poverty exists, by studying new areas and by interviewing local stakeholders, including residents, community leaders, and government representatives, to understand how concentrated poverty affects both individuals and communities. The report begins with "Concentrated Poverty in America: An Overview" (Alan Berube) and "Introduction to the Case Studies" (Carolina Reid). It then presents the following 16 case studies: (1) Fresno, California: the West Fresno neighborhood (Naomi Cytron); (2) Cleveland, Ohio: the Central neighborhood (Lisa Nelson); (3) Miami, Florida: the Little Haiti neighborhood (Ana Cruz-Taura and Jessica LeVeen Farr); (4) Martin County, Kentucky (Jeff Gatica); (5) Blackfeet Reservation, Montana (Sandy Gerber, Michael Grover, and Sue Woodrow); (6) Greenville, North Carolina: the West Greenville neighborhood (Carl Neel); (7) Atlantic City, New Jersey: the Bungalow Park/Marina District area (Harriet Newburger, John Wackes, Keith Rolland, and Anita Sands); (8) Austin, Texas: the East Austin neighborhood (Elizabeth Sobel); (9) McKinley County, New Mexico: Crownpoint (Steven Shepelwich and Roger Zalneraitis); (10) McDowell County, West Virginia (Courtney Anderson Mailey); (11) Albany, Georgia: the East Albany neighborhood (Jessica LeVeen Farr and Sibyl Slade); (12) El Paso, Texas: the Chamizal neighborhood (Roy Lopez); (13) Springfield, Massachusetts: Old Hill, Six Corners, and the South End neighborhoods (DeAnna Green); (14) Rochester, New York: the Northern Crescent neighborhoods (Alexandra Forter Sirota and Yazmin Osaki); (15) Holmes County, Mississippi (Ellen Eubank); and (16) Milwaukee, Wisconsin: the Northwest neighborhood (Jeremiah Boyle). Following these case studies is "Learning from Concentrated Poverty in America: A Synthesis of Themes from the Case Studies" (Alan Berube, David Erickson, and Carolina Reid). Appended to this report are: (A) References for Comparison Statistics Tables; (B) Literature Review: Federal Reserve System Poverty-Related Research; (C) References for Overview in Alphabetical Order (by First Author); and (D) Photo Credits. (Individual case studies contain tables, figures, and footnotes.).

Neighborhood Impact on Child Abuse and Neglect

Author : Jill E. Korbin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Neighborhood Impact on Child Abuse and Neglect by : Jill E. Korbin

Download or read book Neighborhood Impact on Child Abuse and Neglect written by Jill E. Korbin and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

American Apartheid

Author : Douglas S. Massey
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674018211
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (182 download)

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Book Synopsis American Apartheid by : Douglas S. Massey

Download or read book American Apartheid written by Douglas S. Massey and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This powerful and disturbing book clearly links persistent poverty among blacks in the United States to the unparalleled degree of deliberate segregation they experience in American cities. American Apartheid shows how the black ghetto was created by whites during the first half of the twentieth century in order to isolate growing urban black populations. It goes on to show that, despite the Fair Housing Act of 1968, segregation is perpetuated today through an interlocking set of individual actions, institutional practices, and governmental policies. In some urban areas the degree of black segregation is so intense and occurs in so many dimensions simultaneously that it amounts to "hypersegregation." The authors demonstrate that this systematic segregation of African Americans leads inexorably to the creation of underclass communities during periods of economic downturn. Under conditions of extreme segregation, any increase in the overall rate of black poverty yields a marked increase in the geographic concentration of indigence and the deterioration of social and economic conditions in black communities. As ghetto residents adapt to this increasingly harsh environment under a climate of racial isolation, they evolve attitudes, behaviors, and practices that further marginalize their neighborhoods and undermine their chances of success in mainstream American society. This book is a sober challenge to those who argue that race is of declining significance in the United States today.

Quantitative Methods in Social Work

Author : David F. Gillespie
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9781560242741
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantitative Methods in Social Work by : David F. Gillespie

Download or read book Quantitative Methods in Social Work written by David F. Gillespie and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Representing some of the best research efforts currently found among social workers, Quantitative Methods in Social Work serves as both a guide and a challenge to social work researchers interested in the application of quantitative methods to social work problem solving. This application of research methods has not been described or discussed adequately in any formal way until now. In a comprehensive manner, this book documents the most advanced quantitative methodologies currently applied by social work researchers and describes issues and techniques that accompany specific applications. It increases social workers'understanding of state-of-the-art applied statistical analysis, enabling them to become more competent and competitive in research and the teaching of research strategies. Quantitative Methods in Social Work addresses three types of methodological issues: measurement, the incorporation of nonquantitative variables in quantitative data analysis, and the use of quantitative analytic techniques to model and assess complex social phenomena. Chapters cover the use of computers for content analysis, structural equation modeling in measurement, logistic regression, loglinear analysis, event history analysis, social network analysis, and discussions of moderator variables and interaction effects in multiple regression. Social work faculty and doctoral students, along with other human service professionals who want to increase their understanding of applied statistical analysis in social and behavioral research, will find the information they need in this informative book.

The City: Land use, structure, and change in the Western city

Author : Michael Pacione
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 9780415252713
Total Pages : 612 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (527 download)

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Book Synopsis The City: Land use, structure, and change in the Western city by : Michael Pacione

Download or read book The City: Land use, structure, and change in the Western city written by Michael Pacione and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2002 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Planning in Divided Cities

Author : Frank Gaffikin
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1405192186
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Planning in Divided Cities by : Frank Gaffikin

Download or read book Planning in Divided Cities written by Frank Gaffikin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-18 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does planning in contested cities inadvertedly make the divisions worse? The 60s and 70s saw a strong role of planning, social engineering, etc but there has since been a move towards a more decentralised ‘community planning’ approach. The book examines urban planning and policy in the context of deeply contested space, where place identity and cultural affinities are reshaping cities. Throughout the world, contentions around identity and territory abound, and in Britain, this problem has found recent expression in debates about multiculturalism and social cohesion. These issues are most visible in the urban arena, where socially polarised communities co-habit cities also marked by divided ethnic loyalties. The relationship between the two is complicated by the typical pattern that social disadvantage is disproportionately concentrated among ethnic groups, who also experience a social and cultural estrangement, based on religious or racial identity. Navigating between social exclusion and community cohesion is essential for the urban challenges of efficient resource use, environmental enhancement, and the development of a flourishing economy. The book addresses planning in divided cities in a UK and international context, examining cities such as Chicago, hyper-segregated around race, and Jerusalem, acting as a crucible for a wider conflict. The first section deals with concepts and theories, examining the research literature and situating the issue within the urban challenges of competitiveness and inclusion. Section 2 covers collaborative planning and identifies models of planning, policy and urban governance that can operate in contested space. Section 3 presents case studies from Belfast, Chicago and Jerusalem, examining both the historical/contemporary features of these cities and their potential trajectories. The final section offers conclusions and ways forward, drawing the lessons for creating shared space in a pluralist cities and addressing cohesion and multiculturalism. • Addresses important contemporary issue of social cohesion vs. urban competitiveness • focus on impact of government policies will appeal to practitioners in urban management, local government and regeneration • Examines role of planning in cities worldwide divided by religion, race, socio-economic, etc • Explores debate about contested space in urban policy and planning • Identifies models for understanding contested spaces in cities as a way of improving effectiveness of government policy

Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309048893
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect by : National Research Council

Download or read book Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tragedy of child abuse and neglect is in the forefront of public attention. Yet, without a conceptual framework, research in this area has been highly fragmented. Understanding the broad dimensions of this crisis has suffered as a result. This new volume provides a comprehensive, integrated, child-oriented research agenda for the nation. The committee presents an overview of three major areas: Definitions and scopeâ€"exploring standardized classifications, analysis of incidence and prevalence trends, and more. Etiology, consequences, treatment, and preventionâ€"analyzing relationships between cause and effect, reviewing prevention research with a unique systems approach, looking at short- and long-term consequences of abuse, and evaluating interventions. Infrastructure and ethicsâ€"including a review of current research efforts, ways to strengthen human resources and research tools, and guidance on sensitive ethical and legal issues. This volume will be useful to organizations involved in research, social service agencies, child advocacy groups, and researchers.

From Juvenile Delinquency to Adult Crime

Author : Rolf Loeber
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199828180
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis From Juvenile Delinquency to Adult Crime by : Rolf Loeber

Download or read book From Juvenile Delinquency to Adult Crime written by Rolf Loeber and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2012-06-21 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What makes a juvenile delinquent develop into an adult criminal? Edited by two leading authorities in the fields of psychology and criminology, this title examines why the period of transition to adulthood is important and how it can be better understood and addressed both inside and outside of the justice system.

The Effects of Household and Neighborhood Poverty on the Individual's Risk of Mortality

Author : Hyun Joo Oh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Household and Neighborhood Poverty on the Individual's Risk of Mortality by : Hyun Joo Oh

Download or read book The Effects of Household and Neighborhood Poverty on the Individual's Risk of Mortality written by Hyun Joo Oh and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

U.S. Health in International Perspective

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309264146
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Health in International Perspective by : National Research Council

Download or read book U.S. Health in International Perspective written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.

Communities in Action

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Child Poverty in America Today

Author : Barbara A. Arrighi
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313064121
Total Pages : 779 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Child Poverty in America Today by : Barbara A. Arrighi

Download or read book Child Poverty in America Today written by Barbara A. Arrighi and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2007-05-30 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a 2004 study by the Annie E. Casey, Ford, and Rockefeller Foundations it was reported that a large number of American families are currently faring poorly in their struggle to provide for themselves. Low-income and poor families were found to contain one-third of all of the children in American working families. Low-wage jobs without benefits mean that families at or below the poverty line live a precarious existence. This four-volume set is designed to reveal, explicate, analyze, and assess the effects of an inadequate income on children. Each volume contains original essays written by an interdisciplinary roster of contributors. The first volume, Children and the State addresses policy and legislation that affect low-income families. One issue that is considered in this volume is the lack of a national housing policy in the United States. The second volume, Health and Medical Issues includes discussions on the status of Medicaid, the lack of mental health services available for low-income families, and the difficult-to-access healthcare for the rural poor. Volume three, Families and Children explores the effects of welfare reform, especially the issue of childcare and the increased work expectations of parents. Other compelling topics in this volume include low-income families and the Family and Medical Leave Act, poor children and the internet, and the increase in economic insecurity among low-income families who increasingly live on credit. In the final volume, The Promise of Education, universal pre-kindergarten, Head Start, and the education of immigrant children are all explored.

Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 3

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309050804
Total Pages : 593 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 3 by : National Research Council

Download or read book Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 3 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines social influences on violent events and violent behavior, particularly concentrating on how the risks of violent criminal offending and victimization are influenced by communities, social situations, and individuals; the role of spouses and intimates; the differences in violence levels between males and females; and the roles of psychoactive substances in violent events.