Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download Composting Animal Mortality full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Composting Animal Mortality ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Composting Animal Mortality written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alberta. Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (82 download)
Download or read book Large Animal Mortality Composting written by Alberta. Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Composting Animal Mortality Resource Notebook written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alberta. Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (82 download)
Download or read book Large Animal Mortality Composting written by Alberta. Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Animal Mortality Composting written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Composting Animal Mortality written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (918 download)
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Economics and Logistics of Animal Mortality Composting for the Virginia Department of Transportation written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many maintenance facilities of the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) face a decreasing availability of the conventional methods of animal mortality disposal (i.e., landfills and burial of individual mortalities) and have a need for a viable alternative. Others are interested in an alternative means of managing mortality that will save time and labor. Recent studies found that static windrow composting and in-vessel forced aeration composting systems are useful and effective means of managing animal mortality for VDOT, but more information is needed with regard to their cost and feasibility. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic value of implementing a composting program for VDOT. A survey was used to gather general information on animal mortality management from VDOTs area headquarters (AHQs). Weekly diaries were also collected from eight AHQs and two VDOT residencies over an 8-month period to gather more detailed information regarding their means of mortality management. With the use of these maintenance areas as case studies, cost models were developed that determined the costs or savings incurred from replacing the maintenance areas current means of disposal with one of three composting methods: static windrows, a rotary drum, or a forced aeration composting system. The study found that even the most expensive composting option currently available to VDOT, the forced air system, is cost-effective when there is sufficient mortality volume. Under the assumptions of the cost models, with regard to the AHQs evaluated, purchasing and operating the current forced air system and rotary drum can save VDOT up to 54,000 dollars and 36,500 dollars, respectively, within the lifetime of the vessels. Static windrows are always cost-effective when a free carbon source (i.e., woodchips from vegetative debris removal) is available. As a general rule with regard to the cost-effectiveness of composting, the start-up costs of the current forced aeration composting system should not exceed 22 times the operational savings from composting in the first year and the start-up costs of rotary drum composting should not exceed 14 times the operational savings from composting in the first year. To maximize the cost-effectiveness of composting, maintenance area superintendents who plan to use composting for animal mortality management should try to identify a no-cost carbon source; use finished compost for transportation project applications in place of purchasing comparable material; seek other maintenance areas with which to share composting facilities; and consider using static windrows whenever possible, including to supplement vessel composting during periods of high mortality. In addition, the Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research should pursue the design of a forced air system with a smaller capacity and lower construction costs than the one presently in use. This would increase the cost-effectiveness of composting for AHQs that do not have a readily available no-cost carbon source; that have smaller mortality volumes; and/or for which pooling of mortality with other AHQs is infeasible. VDOT can save costs by replacing current mortality management methods with a composting alternative and adopting supportive business practices.
Author : Bridget M. Donaldson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (852 download)
Download or read book Composting Animal Mortality Removed from Roads: a Pilot Study of Rotary Drum and Forced Aeration Compost Vessels written by Bridget M. Donaldson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) removes an estimated 55,000 deer carcasses from its roadways each year at a cost of more than $4 million per year. Many VDOT maintenance facilities have a need for viable, environmentally compliant, and cost-effective carcass management strategies. Disposal challenges include a decreasing availability of conventional disposal methods, such as landfills, and a lack of viable burial areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two in-vessel composting systems to determine the utility of each as a carcass management option for VDOT. The systems were a rotary drum system and a forced aeration bin system (forced air system). Pilot projects were conducted to determine the utility of each system based on two factors: (1) whether the generated compost met a set of established composting criteria, including regulatory standards; and (2) whether the system performed well from an operational standpoint. A rotary drum system was installed at a VDOT maintenance facility and monitored for 163 days. The generated compost met the established pathogen destruction criteria but was inconsistent with regard to meeting the temperature and moisture criteria. The operational performance of the system was also inconsistent. The problems encountered may be preventable in future installations, but the system requires further evaluation to determine its utility as a means of animal mortality management for VDOT. It is recommended that VDOT install a smaller rotary drum system at a selected maintenance facility and evaluate its performance when the lessons learned described in this study are applied. A forced air system was installed at another VDOT maintenance facility and monitored for 274 days. The generated compost met all established compost criteria (i.e., temperature, compost maturity, and pathogen destruction), and the system performed well from an operational standpoint. This system is a useful means of animal mortality management for VDOT. It is recommended that VDOT install several additional forced air system units at maintenance areas interested in this method ofcomposting. When the savings in disposal fees and travel costs from composting mortalities in a compost vessel rather than disposing of them at a facility are taken into account, the initial investment in a compost vessel would be offset in less than 5 years for maintenance facilities with particularly long drives to a disposal facility (25 to 40 miles). This study will be followed by an in-depth study to evaluate the economics and logistics of in-vessel composting to complete the feasibility analysis of this method of animal mortality management for VDOT. A composting guidance document will also be prepared to support the implementation of animal mortality composting at VDOT maintenance facilities.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (918 download)
Download or read book Determining Animal Mortality Compost Maturity and Suitability for Road Project Applications for the Virginia Department of Transportation written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of studies on the effectiveness, feasibility, and costs of composting as a means of managing animal mortality removed from roadways has been conducted at the Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research (VCTIR). In these studies, three composting methods were evaluated for use by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) and found to be effective: static compost windrows, a forced aeration system, and a rotary drum. Successful pilot studies at VDOT maintenance facilities have led to a growing interest in adopting this method of mortality management. As plans for additional composting vessels are underway, final tests are needed in order to develop guidance on composting procedures that generate mature, or finished, compost that is suitable for road project applications. The purpose of this study was to determine the time and treatment conditions necessary for VDOT compost vessels to generate mature compost and to evaluate the suitability of this compost for potential VDOT applications. Four methods were used to assess compost maturity: temperature monitoring, the Solvita compost maturity test, plant germination and growth tests, and qualitative observations. Tests were conducted on compost generated from the rotary drum and forced aeration system and on compost subsequently transferred to curing areas. The suitability of compost for road project applications was determined by testing compost for a suite of biological, physical, and chemical properties and conducting a demonstration project at a VDOT facility. Of the compost maturity tests, temperature decline was the most conservative indicator of finished compost. As determined primarily by temperature monitoring and supported by the other maturity tests, compost generated from the forced aeration system and rotary drum should be transferred to curing areas to cure for approximately 8 to 9 weeks. Mature compost generated from these vessels met the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys compost specifications for transportation applications. It is recommended that VCTIR and VDOT incorporate the findings of this study into a guidance document for VDOT animal mortality composting.
Author : Robert Rynk
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323856039
Total Pages : 1006 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)
Download or read book The Composting Handbook written by Robert Rynk and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-12-03 with total page 1006 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Composting Handbook provides a single guide to the science, principles and best practices of composting for large-scale composting operations facing a variety of opportunities and challenges converting raw organic materials into a useful and marketable product. Composting is a well-established and increasingly important method to recycle and add value to organic by-products. Many, if not most, of the materials composting treats are discarded materials that would otherwise place a burden on communities, industries, farms and the environment. Composting converts these materials into a valuable material, compost, that regenerates soils improving soils for plant growth and environmental conservation. The Composting Handbook expands on previously available resources by incorporating new information, new subjects and new practices, drawing its content from current scientific principles, research, engineering and industry experience. In both depth and breadth, it covers the knowledge that a compost producer needs to succeed. Topics include the composting process, methods of composting, equipment, site requirements, environmental issues and impacts, business knowledge, safety, and the qualities, uses and markets for the compost products. The Composting Handbook is an invaluable reference for composting facility managers and operators, prospective managers and operators, regulators, policy makers, environmental advocates, educators, waste generators and managers and generally people interested in composting as a business or a solution. It is also appropriate as a textbook for college courses and a supplemental text for training courses about composting or organic waste management. - Created in conjunction with the Compost Research and Education Foundation (CREF) - Includes the latest information on composting and compost, providing the first comprehensive resource in decades - Written with focus on both academic and industrial insights and advances
Author : Robert Rynk
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780935817195
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (171 download)
Download or read book On-farm Composting Handbook written by Robert Rynk and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Benefits and drawbacks; The composing process; Raw materials; Composting methods; Composting operations; Management; Site and environmental considerations; Using compost; Marketing agricultural compost; Farm composting economics: focus on production costs; Other options for waste management and composting; Characteristics of raw materials; Equipment tables; Troubleshooting and management guide; Work sheets and forms; Environmental agencies; Metric conversions.
Author : Paige Elizabeth Doklovic
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Composting as a Method for On-farm Mass Mortality Disposal written by Paige Elizabeth Doklovic and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three studies were completed to address common challenges related to composting mass animal mortalities. The first study investigated the impact of water-based depopulation foam (WBDF) and straw on composting whole swine carcasses. For trial 1 (148 days), two windrows were constructed, and each was split into two halves: one half including WBDF and the other without. One windrow core consisted of sawdust and carcasses; the other windrow core consisted of sawdust, carcasses, and chopped rye straw. For trial 2 (101 days), two windrows were constructed, both containing WBDF. One windrow core consisted of sawdust and carcasses, whereas the other windrow core consisted of sawdust, carcasses, and wheat straw. Windrows were turned on days 80 and 58 for trials 1 and 2, respectively. Continuous automatic temperatures, weekly handheld temperatures, percent moisture, pH, and totals of Nitrogen, Carbon, organic matter, ash, Phosphorus, and Potassium were measured. Pathogen-destructive temperatures (≥55 °C, ≥131 °F) were achieved in all treatments for both trials. Compacted straw during turning and intact straw at designated trial endpoints was observed. In conclusion, data provided evidence that whole swine carcasses ± WBDF will decompose in a windrow core of sawdust ± straw. The second study investigated the composting efficacy of ground turkey carcasses blended with different amounts of carbon amendment for 50 days. Mechanically ground turkey carcasses were mixed with carbon amendment to achieve four different core compost ratios (weight/weight): 0.25:1; 0.5:1; 0.75:1; and 1:1. Compost mixtures were placed into 208-L (55-gal) reactors that simulated a full-sized windrow. Each reactor had a base and cap of carbon amendment. Continuous automatic temperatures and compost weight, volume, bulk density, porosity, percent moisture, total Nitrogen, and total Carbon were measured. All treatments were able to reach thermophilic temperatures (43-63 °C, 110-150 °F) and effectively decompose carcass tissue. Data indicated that composting ratios evaluated could all be scaled up for future studies. The third study investigated the effects of poultry carcass grinding and core carbon amendment optimization on mortality composting efficiency, in both 208-L (55-gal) reactors and full-sized, outdoor windrows. Four reactors and four windrows were constructed from turkey carcasses and carbon amendment which were passed concurrently through a horizontal grinder according to each of the following carbon:carcass ratios (w/w): 0.25:1, 0.5:1, 0.75:1 and 1:1. A fifth whole carcass windrow was also created. Windrows were each turned three times over a 92-day period; compost within each reactor was mixed three times over a 56-day period. Weekly handheld temperatures, visual observations, and soil samples were collected in the windrow trial. Carbon dioxide emissions and compost weights and volumes were measured in the reactor trial. Continuous automatic temperatures, bulk density, percent moisture, pH, and totals of Nitrogen, Carbon, organic matter, ash, Phosphorus, and Potassium were measured in both trials. Thermophilic composting temperatures were achieved in all treatments of both trials. Additional results indicate physical and chemical similarities across treatments upon completion of composting. In total, data suggested that ground carcasses could fully decompose with as much as a 75 percent reduction in core carbon amendment.
Author : Tom Guthrie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)
Download or read book Carcass Composting-- written by Tom Guthrie and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This bulletin helps Michigan horse owners understand how to use composting for animal carcass management. It also helps them develop or improve mortality management procedures while achieving environment compliance with state regulations (the Michigan Bodies of Dead Animals Act [BODA], Act 239 of 1982).
Author : Gagandeep Singh
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783659347078
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (47 download)
Download or read book Biodegradation of Animal Carcasses written by Gagandeep Singh and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method for treatment of organic matter and inorganic matter that has been biologically contaminated, such as animal carcasses and clinical waste, to prepare the matter of burial or other disposal is disclosed. The method involves freeze-drying the size-reduced organic matter and treating it further with fungi to perform a composting process. Composting acts as a route method for organising cataclysmic mortality losses. A study was undertaken to assess the composting process with an animal mortality. Freeze dried minced meat was treated with the substrates and the effect of inoculation with three fungus was analysed. Eighteen treatments with semi-plot scale were aerobically built and were monitored and turned periodically. Moisture content was maintained at 22%. Composting plant development and operation hugely relies on its processing and material handling. Physical and chemical parameters are very crucial markers in evaluating the process quality of the product. Evaluation of microbial and fungal population was examined during the course of the process. The project was aimed to develop an insight into the best practicable environmental option for managing dead animal mortalities
Author : Cornell Waste Management Institute
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (664 download)
Download or read book Natural Rendering written by Cornell Waste Management Institute and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes mortality and butcher residual composting.
Author : Alberta. Livestock Engineering Unit
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (521 download)
Download or read book Poultry Mortality Composting written by Alberta. Livestock Engineering Unit and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (932 download)
Download or read book On-farm Composting of Livestock and Poultry Mortalities -- Rev written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fact sheet provides an overview of the composting process and how it can be applied to the disposal of dead poultry & livestock on the farm. The information presented is based on the bin-type composting unit. Topics covered include the advantages of composting mortalities, planning & sizing the unit, designing & constructing the unit, getting ready to compost, choosing the compost substrate, the composting cycle, and managing the composting process. Appendices include a worksheet for sizing the unit, a table of estimated mortality rates & weight of various animals, and a composting record sheet.
