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Competing For Capital When Labour Is Heterogeneous
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Book Synopsis What is the Impact of Increased Business Competition? by : Sónia Félix
Download or read book What is the Impact of Increased Business Competition? written by Sónia Félix and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-12-13 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the macroeconomic effect and underlying firm-level transmission channels of a reduction in business entry costs. We provide novel evidence on the response of firms' entry, exit, and employment decisions. To do so, we use as a natural experiment a reform in Portugal that reduced entry time and costs. Using the staggered implementation of the policy across the Portuguese municipalities, we find that the reform increased local entry and employment by, respectively, 25% and 4.8% per year in its first four years of implementation. Moreover, around 60% of the increase in employment came from incumbent firms expanding their size, with most of the rise occurring among the most productive firms. Standard models of firm dynamics, which assume a constant elasticity of substitution, are inconsistent with the expansionary and heterogeneous response across incumbent firms. We show that in a model with heterogeneous firms and variable markups the most productive firms face a lower demand elasticity and expand their employment in response to increased entry.
Book Synopsis Monopsony in Motion by : Alan Manning
Download or read book Monopsony in Motion written by Alan Manning and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-12-03 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What happens if an employer cuts wages by one cent? Much of labor economics is built on the assumption that all the workers will quit immediately. Here, Alan Manning mounts a systematic challenge to the standard model of perfect competition. Monopsony in Motion stands apart by analyzing labor markets from the real-world perspective that employers have significant market (or monopsony) power over their workers. Arguing that this power derives from frictions in the labor market that make it time-consuming and costly for workers to change jobs, Manning re-examines much of labor economics based on this alternative and equally plausible assumption. The book addresses the theoretical implications of monopsony and presents a wealth of empirical evidence. Our understanding of the distribution of wages, unemployment, and human capital can all be improved by recognizing that employers have some monopsony power over their workers. Also considered are policy issues including the minimum wage, equal pay legislation, and caps on working hours. In a monopsonistic labor market, concludes Manning, the "free" market can no longer be sustained as an ideal and labor economists need to be more open-minded in their evaluation of labor market policies. Monopsony in Motion will represent for some a new fundamental text in the advanced study of labor economics, and for others, an invaluable alternative perspective that henceforth must be taken into account in any serious consideration of the subject.
Book Synopsis Persistent Inequalities by : Howard Botwinick
Download or read book Persistent Inequalities written by Howard Botwinick and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economists generally assume that wage differentials among similar workers will only endure when competition in the capital and/or labor market is restricted. In contrast, Howard Botwinick uses a classical Marxist analysis of real capitalist competition to show that substantial patterns of wage disparity can persist despite high levels of competition. Indeed, the author provocatively argues that competition and technical change often militate against wage equalization. In addition to providing the basis for a more unified analysis of race and gender inequality within labor markets, Botwinick’s work has important implications for contemporary union strategies. Going against mainstream proponents of labor-management cooperation, the author calls for militant union organization that can once again take wages and working conditions out of capitalist competition. This revised edition was originally published under the same title in 1993 by Princeton University Press.
Book Synopsis Wage Competition with Heterogeneous Workers and Firms by : Jonathan H. Hamilton
Download or read book Wage Competition with Heterogeneous Workers and Firms written by Jonathan H. Hamilton and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Gianmarco I. P. Ottaviano Publisher :World Scientific Studies in In ISBN 13 :9789811233388 Total Pages :0 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (333 download)
Book Synopsis Firms and Workers in a Globalized World by : Gianmarco I. P. Ottaviano
Download or read book Firms and Workers in a Globalized World written by Gianmarco I. P. Ottaviano and published by World Scientific Studies in In. This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalization is a complex phenomenon involving the mobility of goods, capital, labour and ideas across country borders. From an economic point of view, two waves of globalization have been identified by scholars so far. The first wave materialized between the second half of the Nineteenth century and WWI; the second wave rose after WWII and gained momentum at the end of the Twentieth century before slowing down in the aftermath of the global financial crisis due to renewed protectionist pressures. This collection of essays studies the implications of this second wave of globalization for national economic performance. In doing so, it takes a bottom-up approach, building up the macroeconomic trajectories from the microeconomic effects of globalization on firms and workers. The collected essays highlight the asymmetry of responses across firms and workers between and within industries as well as territories, thus explaining the forces behind the emergence of 'winners' and 'losers' from globalization. The collection shows how state-of-the-art models of international economics and economic geography can be brought to life by addressing several topical issues in the public debate, ranging from regional growth and regional decline to international competition and creative destruction, from innovation patterns to cultural diversity and from immigration to offshoring.
Book Synopsis The Distribution of Wealth by : John Bates Clark
Download or read book The Distribution of Wealth written by John Bates Clark and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Economics of Imperfect Competition by : Joan Robinson
Download or read book The Economics of Imperfect Competition written by Joan Robinson and published by Springer. This book was released on 1969-07-01 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Unity of the Capitalist Economy and State by : Geert Reuten
Download or read book The Unity of the Capitalist Economy and State written by Geert Reuten and published by Historical Materialism. This book was released on 2020-09 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geert Reuten offers a systematic exposition of the capitalist system, showing that the capitalist economy and the capitalist state constitute a unity.
Book Synopsis Microeconomics, Competition and Strategic Behaviour by : Markus Thomas Münter
Download or read book Microeconomics, Competition and Strategic Behaviour written by Markus Thomas Münter and published by UTB. This book was released on 2022-09-05 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microeconomics is not applied math – frameworks in this book are regularly in use in daily managerial practice and strategic decision-making. Numerous case studies cover price discrimination, economies of scale, digital business models, game theory, dealing with uncertainty, entry barriers or sunk costs – all of which are crucial for understanding market dynamics and competitive behaviour.
Book Synopsis The Positive Theory of Capital by : Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk
Download or read book The Positive Theory of Capital written by Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk and published by Jazzybee Verlag. This book was released on 1891 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Von Boehm-Bawerk is one of the leading economists of the so-called Austrian school. With Karl Menger and others, he has contributed to the development of a theory of value which has received wide acceptance, and has been the cause of still wider discussion, in the economic world. This theory, as elaborated by Boehm von Bawerk, is based largely upon psychological principles. Its chief feature consists in a searching analysis of ‘subjective value.’ In his “Capital and Interest”, the author makes a brilliant and original study of these two subjects. “The Positive Theory of Capital” is the successor to the work mentioned above.
Book Synopsis Labor Markets and Business Cycles by : Robert Shimer
Download or read book Labor Markets and Business Cycles written by Robert Shimer and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-12 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labor Markets and Business Cycles integrates search and matching theory with the neoclassical growth model to better understand labor market outcomes. Robert Shimer shows analytically and quantitatively that rigid wages are important for explaining the volatile behavior of the unemployment rate in business cycles. The book focuses on the labor wedge that arises when the marginal rate of substitution between consumption and leisure does not equal the marginal product of labor. According to competitive models of the labor market, the labor wedge should be constant and equal to the labor income tax rate. But in U.S. data, the wedge is strongly countercyclical, making it seem as if recessions are periods when workers are dissuaded from working and firms are dissuaded from hiring because of an increase in the labor income tax rate. When job searches are time consuming and wages are flexible, search frictions--the cost of a job search--act like labor adjustment costs, further exacerbating inconsistencies between the competitive model and data. The book shows that wage rigidities can reconcile the search model with the data, providing a quantitatively more accurate depiction of labor markets, consumption, and investment dynamics. Developing detailed search and matching models, Labor Markets and Business Cycles will be the main reference for those interested in the intersection of labor market dynamics and business cycle research.
Book Synopsis Competing Schools of Economic Thought by : Lefteris Tsoulfidis
Download or read book Competing Schools of Economic Thought written by Lefteris Tsoulfidis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-29 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. 1 Introduction This book was born out of our reaction to the way in which the usual texts cover the subject of the history of economic thought. In most of these texts, there is a tendency to emphasize the similarities and differences between all the important economists and form a repository of encyclopedic knowledge where one can study the seemingly important economic ideas. In this book, we argue that it is much more fruitful to focus on the essential ideas of each and every school of economic thought and relate them to present-day problems, than to engage into a sterile discussion of the ideas and the lives of the great economists of the past. Thus, although this book deals with the history of economic thought, it does not necessarily follow a historic (in the sense of the order of presentation) approach, but rather a logical one, that is to say it deals with the social conditions associated with the emergence of a school of economic thought, its evolution, and its contemporary in?uence. One cannot write a book on the history of economic thought without writing separate chapters on the major economists of the past, that is, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Karl Marx, and J. M. Keynes. Of course these economists formed schools of economic thought, that is, the classical and the Keynesian.
Book Synopsis Work, Locality and the Rhythms of Capital by : Jamie Gough
Download or read book Work, Locality and the Rhythms of Capital written by Jamie Gough and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-02 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This theoretical and empirical study examines the relationship between the organisation of work, industrial relations, production spaces and the dynamics of capitalist investment. Jamie Gough explores the connections between labour process change, products, local economy and society, spaces and forms of competition, and firm's locational strategies. In a path-breaking analysis he shows that these are closely bound up with the business cycle and other rhythms of investment. Differences within the labour process are central to the argument. Gough explores the divisions between workers arising from these differences and from spatial flows of capital, and suggests strategies through which these divisions might be overcome.
Book Synopsis The Value of Marx by : Alfredo Saad Filho
Download or read book The Value of Marx written by Alfredo Saad Filho and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2001-11-29 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes an overview of recent developments in political economy in general, and Marxist value theory in particular. The implications of value theory for bank credit, inflation and deflation are fully explored.
Book Synopsis Comparative Advantage and Heterogeneous Firms by : Andrew B. Bernard
Download or read book Comparative Advantage and Heterogeneous Firms written by Andrew B. Bernard and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines how country, industry and firm characteristics interact in general equilibrium to determine nations' responses to trade liberalization. When firms possess heterogeneous productivity, countries differ in relative factor abundance and industries vary in factor intensity, falling trade costs induce reallocations of resources both within and across industries and countries. These reallocations generate substantial job turnover in all sectors, spur relatively more creative destruction in comparative advantage industries than comparative disadvantage industries, and magnify ex ante comparative advantage to create additional welfare gains from trade. The relative ascendance of high-productivity firms within industries boosts aggregate productivity and drives down consumer prices. In contrast with the neoclassical model, these price declines dampen and can even reverse the real wage losses of scarce factors as countries liberalize.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Imperfect Labor Markets by : Tito Boeri
Download or read book The Economics of Imperfect Labor Markets written by Tito Boeri and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-24 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most labor economics textbooks pay little attention to actual labor markets, taking as reference a perfectly competitive market in which losing a job is not a big deal. The Economics of Imperfect Labor Markets is the only textbook to focus on imperfect labor markets and to provide a systematic framework for analyzing how labor market institutions operate. This expanded, updated, and thoroughly revised second edition includes a new chapter on labor-market discrimination; quantitative examples; data and programming files enabling users to replicate key results of the literature; exercises at the end of each chapter; and expanded technical appendixes. The Economics of Imperfect Labor Markets examines the many institutions that affect the behavior of workers and employers in imperfect labor markets. These include minimum wages, employment protection legislation, unemployment benefits, active labor market policies, working-time regulations, family policies, equal opportunity legislation, collective bargaining, early retirement programs, education and migration policies, payroll taxes, and employment-conditional incentives. Written for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students, the book carefully defines and measures these institutions to accurately characterize their effects, and discusses how these institutions are today being changed by political and economic forces. Expanded, thoroughly revised second edition New chapter on labor-market discrimination New quantitative examples New data sets enabling users to replicate key results of the literature New end-of-chapter exercises Expanded technical appendixes Unique focus on institutions in imperfect labor markets Integrated framework and systematic coverage Self-contained chapters on each of the most important labor-market institutions
Book Synopsis Competition, Value and Distribution in Classical Economics by : Heinz D. Kurz
Download or read book Competition, Value and Distribution in Classical Economics written by Heinz D. Kurz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-03-10 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing in particular on the work of Sraffa, Smith, Ricardo and Marx, the essays in this volume explore the characteristic features of the Classical economists’ approach to economic problems, and the renewal of interest in that approach in modern times. In recent years, new material has been made available on both Sraffa and Marx which have made new insights and interpretations possible. The release of Sraffa’s hitherto unpublished papers and correspondence has led to reconsideration of doctrinal questions such as to what extent Sraffa built upon, or deviated from the analyses of Adam Smith, David Ricardo and other representatives of the classical British school and Karl Marx. A major theme is also to what extent we can today, equipped with Sraffa's insights and analytical tools, re-interpret and develop ideas of classical authors, which they could present only in primitive forms, on technological progress, exhaustible resources and other contemporary issues. On Marx, the publication of the MEGA2 edition of the works, papers and correspondence of Marx and Engels also gives rise to a reconsideration of this relationship, given Marx's disenchantment with some of his own work and return to ideas advocated by Ricardo, especially as regards the long-term tendency of the rate of profits. Finally, the classical notion of competition and monopoly deserve to be scrutinized carefully again and frequent misinterpretations in the literature refuted. This volume is vital reading for scholars of classical economics, Marx and Sraffa, and the history of economic thought more broadly. It also deals with issues in the areas of machinery and technical progress, joint production, and economic development and growth.
