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Comparisons Of Arthropod And Avian Communities In Insecticide Treated And Untreated Hemlock Stands In Great Smoky Mountains National Park
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Book Synopsis Comparisons of Arthropod and Avian Communities in Insecticide-treated and Untreated Hemlock Stands in Great Smoky Mountains National Park by : Josephine Fields Falcone
Download or read book Comparisons of Arthropod and Avian Communities in Insecticide-treated and Untreated Hemlock Stands in Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by Josephine Fields Falcone and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insecticides written by Stanislav Trdan and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-01-30 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains 20 chapters about the impact, environmental fate, modes of action, efficacy, and non-target effects of insecticides. The chapters are divided into 7 parts. Part 1 covers the non-target effects of insecticides, whereas part 2 is dedicated to integrated methods for pest control, in which insecticides are an important element for diminishing the populations of insect pests. Part 3 includes chapters about the non-chemical alternatives to insecticides, such as metabolic stress and plant extracts. Insecticides and human health are the main topic of part 4, and the interactions between insecticides and environment are discussed in part 5. Part 6 includes the chapters about insecticides against pests of urban areas, forests and farm animals, whereas biotechnology and other advances in pest control are discussed in part 7.
Book Synopsis City promenade Deventer, elke stap waard by :
Download or read book City promenade Deventer, elke stap waard written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Long-term Avian Community Response to Hemlock Decline by : Matthew Toenies
Download or read book Long-term Avian Community Response to Hemlock Decline written by Matthew Toenies and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest biomes face increasing rates of disturbance from many causes, including climate change, introduced pests, and shifting fire regimes, as well interactions between multiple factors. In particular, the introduction of exotic forest pests is increasing globally, frequently resulting in decline and die-off of affected forest types. The loss of foundational forest species can drastically change the structure and composition of vegetation communities in forests, a phenomenon that holds strong implications for avian communities. However, little research has focused on the long-term effects of forest die-off at a community-wide scale. To examine the response of bird communities to forest die-off, we studied the community associated with declining eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) forests affected by the introduced hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae). We conducted variable-radius point counts to survey bird communities in both hemlock and hardwood stands in 2000, during early stages of adelgid infestation, and again in 2015 and 2016, following significant hemlock decline. We also measured the severity of hemlock decline and associated vegetation variables in the same hemlock stands where avian surveys occurred. We used multi-species occupancy models to examine species-specific and species group responses to hemlock decline. Results showed that hemlock basal area declined to varying degrees across the hemlock stands, and that hemlock decline was correlated with current vegetation structure, including an increased deciduous understory. Hemlock-associated bird species declined between the two time periods, while all other species groups responded positively, with the strongest responses in species associated with the shrub-layer, forest edge, and mature deciduous habitat. Species composition in hemlock and hardwood stands became more correlated over time, highlighting a trend toward homogenization of the avian community as the unique species assemblages in hemlock stands give way to the avian community of the surrounding hardwood landscape. Where hemlock-associated species persisted, their presence was correlated with the combined effect of greater hemlock basal area and better hemlock condition. Our results demonstrate that the decline and die-off of foundational forest species can restructure vegetation communities and their associated avian communities over time, with strong implications for forest type specialists. Due to regional variation in patterns of forest die-off and community composition, understanding impacts on forest-dependent communities requires examining response at broad spatial and temporal scales. To determine how the responses to forest die-off that we observed in the avian community may vary across a large regional scale, we examined bird communities in hemlock stands at four sites across the range of hemlock woolly adelgid in the northeastern/mid-Appalachian regions of the United States. We surveyed the avian community in earlier stages of infestation and again following hemlock decline, and analyzed this data using a multi-species occupancy modeling approach. Despite variability among sites in characteristics of the avian community and of the die-off itself, changes in species richness over time were similar across all sites. Hemlock-associated bird species declined at all sites, with concurrent increases in other species groups, especially those associated with forest edge and shrub-layer habitats. Finer-scale variation in the magnitude of avian response coincided with the varying stages of hemlock decline across sites. Species-specific trends showed that Acadian Flycatcher declined most consistently across this large regional scale. Understanding these patterns is critical to predicting and preparing for changes to not only forested landscapes affected by the loss of hemlock, but also for those that will experience similar die-offs as forest pest introductions increase globally.
Book Synopsis Classification and Description of Old-growth Hemlock Communities in the Cataloochee Watershed of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park by : Aaron R. Cooper
Download or read book Classification and Description of Old-growth Hemlock Communities in the Cataloochee Watershed of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by Aaron R. Cooper and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Insect Fauna Associated with Eastern Hemlock, Tsuga Canadensis (L.), in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park by :
Download or read book Insect Fauna Associated with Eastern Hemlock, Tsuga Canadensis (L.), in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eastern hemlock, Tsuga Canadensis (L.), is an integral part of the forest system in eastern North America. These trees contribute to the biological diversity, environmental health, and economic stability of the regions that they inhabit by producing unique microclimates, cool shady recreational areas, and unmatched beauty. Information regarding the insect fauna associated with eastern hemlock is sparse and scattered with in the literature. Because of this, the insect fauna associated with eastern hemlock was assessed at four sites, representing new and old growth, and nine alternate sites in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSM). Sites were sampled using malaise traps, pitfall traps, beat sheeting, and direct collection. Species diversity was assessed using the Shannon-Weiner diversity indices and species richness estimates were made using the program estimateS. The rich insect fauna of the eastern hemlocks in the GSM yielded 2,516 specimens representing 280 species in 87 families and eight orders. Species richness and abundance was highest and at site 3 (Chimney tops old growth) with 801 specimens and 113 species. Species richness estimators determined that species richness associated with eastern hemlock is between 420 and 550 species. Pests of eastern hemlock including the hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria (Guenẽe), were collected, as well as nine species that are predators of the exotic pest hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsuga (Annand). Data collected in this study offer a listing of insect fauna associated with eastern hemlock in the GSM. These results will assist in the development and management of forest containing and dominated by eastern hemlock. In addition, due to the threat of hemlock woolly adelgid, information collected in this study provides a baseline of the insect fauna associated with eastern hemlock prior to disturbances altering species composition.
Book Synopsis Distribution of Breeding Birds in Great Smoky Mountains National Park by :
Download or read book Distribution of Breeding Birds in Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We assessed the utility of developing predictive models of species distribution within a large contiguous forest based solely on GIS (Geographic Information Systems) data. We conducted more than 7000 point count surveys of breeding birds at approximately 4000 locations throughout Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP). We combined these empirical data with habitat, topographic, and location variables to develop logistic regression models for 20 breeding bird species. The mean of observed points correctly classified for evaluation data was 74.3% with a range of 67.4% to 83.1%. Mean improvement in model classification rates with the addition of a trend surface was 0.9% with a range of -0.4% to 2.0%. We also assessed the importance of controlling for differences in species detectability in different vegetation types. Comparisons of models based on unlimited radius plot data with models based on fixed width plot data that minimized detectability differences between vegetation types showed classification rates dropped an average of 0.9% with a range of -3.8% to 3.7% for fixed width plots. In the eastern U.S., invasion of hemlock wooly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae: Adelges tsugae) is transforming species composition of native forests by causing extensive mortality in eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) populations. We assessed the potential effects of hemlock loss in GSMNP by evaluating current hemlock distribution and abundance patterns and identifying environmental correlates of hemlock presence. We investigated potential effects of hemlock mortality on the park's avifauna by identifying bird species associated with hemlock. Our results indicate hemlock is widespread in all vegetation strata at low and mid elevations and is the second most common tree species in the park. Hemlock presence is significantly associated with elevation, total relative moisture index, disturbance history, vegetation type, and bedrock geology. Sixteen of 30 common breeding bird species sh.
Book Synopsis Predicting Infestations of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges Tsugae) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee/North Carolina, USA by : Snider Scott F.
Download or read book Predicting Infestations of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges Tsugae) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee/North Carolina, USA written by Snider Scott F. and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Arthropod Communities on Understory Plants in Thinned and Unthinned Douglas-fir Forests in the Oregon Coast Range by : Alyssa M. Doolittle
Download or read book Arthropod Communities on Understory Plants in Thinned and Unthinned Douglas-fir Forests in the Oregon Coast Range written by Alyssa M. Doolittle and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study assessed the effects of thinning on arthropod communities on understory plants in the Central Oregon Coast Range. Arthropods were sampled from five understory plants in five pairs of thinned and unthinned, young (50-80 yrs), managed Douglas-fir stands, from late May to mid-July of 1998. Vine maple (Acer circinatum), salal (Gaultheria shallon), understory hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum), and sword fern (Polystichum munitum) were sampled for arthropods using beating sheet and aspirators. Arthropod taxa were sorted and identified to family, species where possible. Intensities and diversity indices were calculated both for all arthropods (including spider taxa) and for spiders separately. Arthropods were placed into functional groups based on trophic level/feeding habits. Spiders were placed in guilds based on prey capture strategies. Collembolans, psocopterans, aphids and linyphiid spiders together made up 50% of total arthropod abundance. Spiders made up 23% of the total arthropod abundance. Functional groups overall were not found in different intensities between thinned and unthinned stands. Relative representation of spider guilds was different between thinned and unthinned stands. Cobweb weavers and nocturnal hunters had higher intensities in thinned stands. Sheetweb weavers, orbweb weavers and agile hunters had higher intensities in unthinned stands. Sap-suckers on vine maple were more abundant in unthinned stands. Parasitoids on vine maple were more abundant in thinned stands. Agile hunters on salal were more abundant in unthinned stands. Salal, especially in unthinned stands, provided important structure for spider communities. Salal supported high spider diversity. Hemlock had the highest species richness, for both arthropod and spider communities. Communities on vine maple were diverse, despite low overall arthropod abundance. The arthropod communities showed significant segregation by plant species and treatment condition. Shrub cover, shrub diversity, patch size, light levels, tree density and stand age explained arthropod community differences. Each one of the understory plants I studied supported a unique portion of the overall understory arthropod community and should be maintained in managed forests to support this important element of diversity. Differences in species distribution and structure of understory vegetation between treatments, resulting in arthropod community differences, suggests that maintenance of both treatment conditions across a landscape is important for maintaining diversity of understory arthropod communities.
Book Synopsis Long-term Effects of a Systemic Insecticide on Canopy Arthropod Biodiversity in Hemlock Trees by : Wing Yi Kung
Download or read book Long-term Effects of a Systemic Insecticide on Canopy Arthropod Biodiversity in Hemlock Trees written by Wing Yi Kung and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Arthropods Associated with Leaf Litter of Fraser Fir in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park by : David Norman Hughes
Download or read book Arthropods Associated with Leaf Litter of Fraser Fir in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by David Norman Hughes and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biodiversity and Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests by :
Download or read book Biodiversity and Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Eastern Hemlock Forests by : Jeffrey S. Ward
Download or read book Eastern Hemlock Forests written by Jeffrey S. Ward and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wildlife Habitat Management by : Brenda C. McComb
Download or read book Wildlife Habitat Management written by Brenda C. McComb and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-06-20 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, conflicts between ecological conservation and economic growth forced a reassessment of the motivations and goals of wildlife and forestry management. Focus shifted from game and commodity management to biodiversity conservation and ecological forestry. Previously separate fields such as forestry, biology, botany, and zoology merged
Book Synopsis Medicinal Plants of South Asia by : Muhammad Asif Hanif
Download or read book Medicinal Plants of South Asia written by Muhammad Asif Hanif and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-09-14 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medicinal Plants of South Asia: Novel Sources for Drug Discovery provides a comprehensive review of medicinal plants of this region, highlighting chemical components of high potential and applying the latest technology to reveal the underlying chemistry and active components of traditionally used medicinal plants. Drawing on the vast experience of its expert editors and authors, the book provides a contemporary guide source on these novel chemical structures, thus making it a useful resource for medicinal chemists, phytochemists, pharmaceutical scientists and everyone involved in the use, sales, discovery and development of drugs from natural sources. Provides comprehensive reviews of 50 medicinal plants and their key properties Examines the background and botany of each source before going on to discuss underlying phytochemistry and chemical compositions Links phytochemical properties with pharmacological activities Supports data with extensive laboratory studies of traditional medicines
Book Synopsis Gypsy Moth Management in the United States: Chapters 1-9 and appendixes A-E by :
Download or read book Gypsy Moth Management in the United States: Chapters 1-9 and appendixes A-E written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Big Trivia Quiz Book written by DK and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Put your general knowledge to the test, and impress your family and friends with your astonishing brainpower and trivia genius. An addictive quiz book for all the family featuring 10,000 questions, The Big Quiz Book has something for everyone. With 10 different general knowledge categories - from Science & Technology, Art & Literature, and Natural History, to Food & Drink, Film & TV, and Sport & Leisure - and three increasing levels of difficulty, it offers a fresh and up-to-the-minute quizzing experience that will educate and entertain all the family. Bursting with fascinating facts to boost your trivia knowledge, whatever your specialist subject or your nemesis topic, The Big Quiz Book is perfect for home entertainment and virtual pub quizzes. You won't be able to put it down!
