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Comparison Of Microhabitat Use Growth And Survival Of Underyearling Atlantic Salmon Released As Fry Into High And Low Gradient Habitats
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Book Synopsis Comparison of Microhabitat Use, Growth, and Survival of Underyearling Atlantic Salmon Released as Fry Into High and Low Gradient Habitats by : Stephen V. Amaral
Download or read book Comparison of Microhabitat Use, Growth, and Survival of Underyearling Atlantic Salmon Released as Fry Into High and Low Gradient Habitats written by Stephen V. Amaral and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences Accepted by Colleges and Universities of the United States and Canada by :
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences Accepted by Colleges and Universities of the United States and Canada written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Age, Growth, and Mortality of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon in Streams by : Patrick W. Bley
Download or read book Age, Growth, and Mortality of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon in Streams written by Patrick W. Bley and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout by : Bror Jonsson
Download or read book Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout written by Bror Jonsson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Destruction of habitat is the major cause for loss of biodiversity including variation in life history and habitat ecology. Each species and population adapts to its environment, adaptations visible in morphology, ecology, behaviour, physiology and genetics. Here, the authors present the population ecology of Atlantic salmon and brown trout and how it is influenced by the environment in terms of growth, migration, spawning and recruitment. Salmonids appeared as freshwater fish some 50 million years ago. Atlantic salmon and brown trout evolved in the Atlantic basin, Atlantic salmon in North America and Europe, brown trout in Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia. The species live in small streams as well as large rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal seas and oceans, with brown trout better adapted to small streams and less well adapted to feeding in the ocean than Atlantic salmon. Smolt and adult sizes and longevity are constrained by habitat conditions of populations spawning in small streams. Feeding, wintering and spawning opportunities influence migratory versus resident lifestyles, while the growth rate influences egg size and number, age at maturity, reproductive success and longevity. Further, early experiences influence later performance. For instance, juvenile behaviour influences adult homing, competition for spawning habitat, partner finding and predator avoidance. The abundance of wild Atlantic salmon populations has declined in recent years; climate change and escaped farmed salmon are major threats. The climate influences through changes in temperature and flow, while escaped farmed salmon do so through ecological competition, interbreeding and the spreading of contagious diseases. The authors pinpoint essential problems and offer suggestions as to how they can be reduced. In this context, population enhancement, habitat restoration and management are also discussed. The text closes with a presentation of what the authors view as major scientific challenges in ecological research on these species.
Book Synopsis Habitat Suitability Index Models by : Jon G. Stanley
Download or read book Habitat Suitability Index Models written by Jon G. Stanley and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Model was developed by evaluating individual suitability indices of 17 environmental variables that have been shown to affect productivity or survival of nonmigratory freshwater life history stages of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.).
Book Synopsis Microhabitat Use by Juvenile Atlantic Salmon Sheltering During the Day in Summer by : Gabriel Gries
Download or read book Microhabitat Use by Juvenile Atlantic Salmon Sheltering During the Day in Summer written by Gabriel Gries and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atlantic Salmon Ecology by : Øystein Aas
Download or read book Atlantic Salmon Ecology written by Øystein Aas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-05 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Atlantic salmon is one of the most prized and exploited species worldwide, being at the centre of a massive sports fishing industry and increasingly as the major farmed species in many countries worldwide. Atlantic Salmon Ecology is a landmark publication, both scientifically important and visually attractive. Comprehensively covering all major aspects of the relationship of the Atlantic salmon with its environment, chapters include details of migration and dispersal, reproduction, habitat requirements, feeding, growth rates, competition, predation, parasitsm, population dynamics, effects of landscape use, hydro power development, climate change, and exploitation. The book closes with a summary and look at possible future research directions. Backed by the Norwegian Research Council and with editors and contributors widely known and respected, Atlantic Salmon Ecology is an essential purchase for all those working with this species, including fisheries scientists and managers, fish biologists, ecologists, physiologists, environmental biologists and aquatic scientists, fish and wildlife department personnel and regulatory bodies. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught should have copies of this important publication. Comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of Atlantic Salmon Atlantic Salmon is one of the world's most commercially important species Backed by the Norwegian Research Council Experienced editor and internationally respected contributors
Book Synopsis Habitat Suitability Index Models by : Jon G. Stanley
Download or read book Habitat Suitability Index Models written by Jon G. Stanley and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Habitat Suitability Index model was developed by evaluating individual suitability indices of 17 environmental variables that have been shown to affect productivity or survival of nonmigratory freshwater life history stages of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). These stages included egg, embryo, fry, and parr but not smolt. During summer base flows, the most suitable habitats had temperatures of 16-19 deg C, oxygen percent saturation exceeding 60%, and pH between 5.5 and 6.8. The most suitable current velocity was 1030 cm/s for fry and 10-40 cm/s for parr. The most suitable depth was 10-40 cm for fry and 20-50 cm for parr. The Habitat Suitability Index model is useful for evaluating stream habitat for production and survival of juvenile Atlantic salmon when these variables cannot practically be measured directly.
Book Synopsis Foraging and Growth in Relation to Habitat Use of Young-of-the-year Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) by : Isabelle Girard
Download or read book Foraging and Growth in Relation to Habitat Use of Young-of-the-year Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) written by Isabelle Girard and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using snorkeling observations, I examined the habitat use and preference of 216 individually tagged young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon in their first summer of life, using both a univariate and a multivariate approach. Habitat preference was determined by comparing the habitat used by fish to that available in the stream. The univariate analyses showed that salmon preferentially used a wide range of current velocity (6-48 cm·s -1) and water depth (20-39 cm) and a narrower range of cover (complete cover from aerial predators) and substrate (pebbles). However, a multivariate logistic regression approach showed that only water depth and current velocity were key variables in habitat selection. Indeed, habitat preference of salmon increased with current velocity and water depth and then decreased at water depths above 30 cm. Drift rate within the stream was surveyed in order to predict food abundance for each fish in the study site. Correlates of fitness (i.e. foraging rate and growth rate) were also measured to relate individual fitness of each fish to their habitat choice. The results showed that y-o-y Atlantic salmon did not grow at a faster rate in the preferred habitats, despite the increase in food abundance and a higher foraging rate. I suggest that young-of-the-year salmon can grow reasonably well in a variety of habitat types and that the ideal free distribution may be a better description of their habitat use than the ideal despotic distribution.
Book Synopsis The Influence of Structural Complexity on Phenotypic Development and Post-release Performance of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar). by : John James Winkowski
Download or read book The Influence of Structural Complexity on Phenotypic Development and Post-release Performance of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar). written by John James Winkowski and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The environment can play an integral role on phenotypic development of an organism. In this thesis, I experimentally tested the influence of structural complexity on phenotypic development and post-release performance of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) when released into semi-natural and natural environments. From an applied perspective, I was interested in investigating alternative rearing strategies of juvenile Salmo salar with the goal of enhancing performance of fish when released into nature. In my first data chapter, I conducted an experiment to test the influence of environmental enrichment during incubation (i.e. addition of gravel to create a "complex" environment) on the phenotype and performance of juvenile salmon in a semi-natural environment. At the culmination of endogenous feeding (i.e. "emergence"), fish that incubated in a complex environment were heavier, in better body condition, fed more on novel prey, and took longer to reappear from a shelter after a simulated predator attack. In addition, when transferred from incubation environments to semi-natural stream channels, fish originating from the complex incubation environment expressed enhanced growth and survival. These findings suggest that Salmo salar are plastic to environmental factors during incubation and developmental differences could be contributing to performance in semi-natural stream channels. There were, however, no commensurate differences in brain volume with those observed in behaviour and performance, which may suggest that other developmental processes in the brain of juvenile Atlantic salmon are occurring that are not reflected in overall brain volume. In my second data chapter, I reared the fish from the preceding incubation study for 60 days after emergence in tanks with ("complex") or without cobble substrate ("simple"). I used a reciprocal approach to rearing and moved fish between complex and simple environments for two 30-day rearing periods to investigate if timing or duration of timing of exposure to habitat complexity influenced growth and condition in the hatchery and subsequent survival in semi-natural and wild environments. I found that fish reared in complex tanks exhibited higher body condition (i.e. heavier for a given length) for the first 30 days, however, differences generally faded during the second 30 days of hatchery rearing. Additionally, I observed rearing groups with smaller fish, on average, at release expressed higher growth rates in semi-natural stream channels and in the wild, such that sizes and conditions did not differ among groups at final recapture. Estimated survival after release into the wild (over ca. 260 days) was higher for fish incubated in a complex environment and reared in a simple environment for consecutive 30 d rearing periods (Complex>Simple>Simple, or "CSS") and those in SCC treatment than fish from 3 of the 7 other groups (CCC, CSC, SSC). There were no other differences in survival between treatment groups. Survival in the semi-natural stream channels was high (> 85%) and I did not detect differences between groups. The results presented in this thesis suggest that phenotypic traits of juvenile Atlantic salmon are sensitive to environmental factors early in development. Enriched environments containing gravel and cobble may serve to provide cover for juvenile fish during early life, allowing them to rest, hide from predators, metabolize, and allocate energy towards somatic growth and development. Such enrichment can provide fish an advantage when released into the wild, though effects may be complicated. As a rearing strategy for the release of salmon into nature to re-establish depleted populations, modifications are likely needed to simplify maintenance of rearing tanks, however this study serves as a benchmark for future efforts at alternative rearing techniques for enhancing performance of released juvenile Salmo salar in nature.
Book Synopsis Survival and Growth of Atlantic Salmon Fry Stocked at Two Densities in the White River, Vermont by : Kevin G. Whalen
Download or read book Survival and Growth of Atlantic Salmon Fry Stocked at Two Densities in the White River, Vermont written by Kevin G. Whalen and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The purpose of evaluating the efficacy of a variety of fry stocking densities was to determine an "Optimum stocking density" (OSD) for the White River basin ... [T]he second objective of this study was to evaluate the survival and growth of feeding and unfed fry."--Page 1-2.
Book Synopsis Geomorphic Comparison of Two Atlantic Coastal Rivers by : Benjamin C. Wilkins
Download or read book Geomorphic Comparison of Two Atlantic Coastal Rivers written by Benjamin C. Wilkins and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Substrate size and mobility are important to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) spawning and rearing success. Channel geometry is a control on bedload mobility in streams. It is believed that channel morphology in many Maine rivers has been altered by land use practices, creating wider and shallower channels, and lowering stream competence. If correct, these changes may be partially responsible for the limited number of returning salmon currently observed in Maine coastal rivers. To evaluate the magnitude of these changes, I performed a statistical comparison of channel morphology between two Atlantic coastal streams: the Narraguagus River in Downeast Maine and the Jacquet River in northern New Brunswick, Canada. Compared to the Narraguagus River, the Jacquet River has relatively healthy returns of adult salmon. Both watersheds have similar drainage areas (Narraguagus 588 km2; Jacquet 510 km2) and mean annual precipitation (1244 mm; 1200 mm), but differing average channel gradients (0.16%; 0.51%) and longitudinal profiles. During the summer of 2007, I surveyed a 13.6-km section of the Narraguagus with a drainage area range of 129-247 km2, and a 10.4-km section of the Jacquet with a drainage area range of 94-265 km2. I made measurements of active and bankfull width and depth, and channel gradient at 100-m intervals, and performed grain-size counts at 200-m intervals. I also measured gradient and width in a GIS-based analysis. Results of my analysis show that channel gradient is likely the most influential factor on Atlantic salmon habitat as it relates to sediment size. The two rivers exhibit no significant difference in width-to-depth ratio, when low-gradient outliers in the Narraguagus River are removed. Predicted median river-bed grain sizes were calculated using two methods: (1) from the empirical relationship between basal shear stress and measured grain size; and (2) using the Shields parameter and remote sensing data only. Measured and predicted grain sizes reveal finer river-bed sediments on the Narraguagus River, however, Shields parameter calculations show that sediment should be mobile in both streams. I compare these predictions to field-based habitat mapping on the Narraguagus River. Based on predicted grain sizes, I expect nearly continuous Atlantic salmon spawning (28-95%) and rearing (95-100%) habitat on the Jacquet, and much less spawning (47-62%) and rearing (57-68%) habitat on the Narraguagus. This is likely because the Narraguagus River is segmented into reaches of steeper gradient (S> 0.002) with potentially good habitat, and flatter reaches (S
Book Synopsis Production of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon, Salmo Salar, in Natural Waters by : National Research Council Canada
Download or read book Production of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon, Salmo Salar, in Natural Waters written by National Research Council Canada and published by NRC Research Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date information, knowledge and research in progress in scientific fields related to natural production of juvenile Atlantic salmon and some other ecologically similar fluvial salmonids is contained in the 25 papers and 12 abstracts contained in this publication, which were prepared for an international symposium held in St. John's, Newfoundland. Studies relate to stream ecology, invertebrates and predators, habitat improvement, competitive effects, behaviour and dispersal, habitat and production of juvenile salmon, population dynamics and relationships of juvenile salmon estimates to smolt yields. A list of participants at the conference is also provided.
Book Synopsis A Guide to Instream Habitat Survey Methods and Analysis by : I. G. Jowett
Download or read book A Guide to Instream Habitat Survey Methods and Analysis written by I. G. Jowett and published by . This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Behaviour of Teleost Fishes by : Tony J. Pitcher
Download or read book The Behaviour of Teleost Fishes written by Tony J. Pitcher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the behaviour of teleosts, a well-defined, highly successful, taxonomic group of vertebrate animals sharing a common body plan and forming the vast majority of living bony fishes. There are weH over 22000 living species of teleosts, including nearly all those of importance in com mercial fisheries and aquaculture. Teleosts are represented injust about every conceivable aquatic environment from temporary desert pools to the deep ocean, from soda lakes to sub-zero Antarctic waters. Behaviour is the primary interface between these effective survival machines and their environment: behavioural plasticity is one of the keys to their success. The study of animal behaviour has undergone revolutionary changes in the past decade under the dual impact of behavioural ecology and sociobiology. The modern body of theory provides quantitatively testable and experi mentaHy accessible hypotheses. Much current work in animal behaviour has concentrated on birds and mammals, animals with ostensibly more complex structure, physiology and behavioural capacity, but there is a growing body of information about the behaviour of fishes. There is now increasing awareness that the same ecological and evolutionary rules govern teleost fish, and that their behaviour is not just a simplified version of that seen in birds and mammals. The details of fish behaviour intimately reflect unique and efficient adaptations to their three-dimensional aquatic environment.
Book Synopsis A Guide to Stream Habitat Analysis Using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology by : Ken D. Bovee
Download or read book A Guide to Stream Habitat Analysis Using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology written by Ken D. Bovee and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Urban Runoff Management by : Earl Shaver
Download or read book Fundamentals of Urban Runoff Management written by Earl Shaver and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
