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Comparative Study On Exhaust Emissions From Diesel And Cng Powered Urban Buses
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Book Synopsis COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS FROM DIESEL- AND CNG-POWERED URBAN BUSES. by :
Download or read book COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS FROM DIESEL- AND CNG-POWERED URBAN BUSES. written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Couple years ago, ADEME engaged programs dedicated to the urban buses exhaust emissions studies. The measures associated with the reduction of atmospheric and noise pollution has particular importance in the sector of urban buses. In many cases, they illustrate the city's environmental image and contribute to reinforcing the attractiveness of public transport. France's fleet in service, presently put at about 14,000 units, consumes about 2 per cent of the total energy of city transport. It causes about 2 per cent of the HC emissions and from 4 to 6 per cent of the NOx emissions and particles. These vehicles typically have a long life span (about 15 years) and are relatively expensive to buy, about 150.000 euros per unit. Several technical solutions were evaluated to quantify, on a real condition cycle for buses, on one hand pollutants emissions, fuel consumption and on the other hand reliability, cost in real existing fleet. This paper presents main preliminary results on urban buses exhaust emission on two different cases: - existing Diesel buses, with fuel modifications (Diesel with low sulphur content), Diesel with water emulsion and bio-Diesel (30% oil ester in standard Diesel fuel); renovating CNG powered Euro II buses fleet, over representative driving cycles, set up by ADEME and partners. On these cycles, pollutants (regulated and unregulated) were measured as well as fuel consumption, at the beginning of a program and one year after to quantify reliability and increase/decrease of pollutants emissions. At the same time, some after-treatment technologies were tested under real conditions and several vehicles. Information such as fuel consumption, lubricant analysis, problem on the technology were following during a one year program. On the overall level, it is the combination of various action, pollution-reduction and renewal that will make it possible to meet the technological challenge of reducing emissions and fuel consumption by urban bus networks.
Book Synopsis Environmental Aspects of the Use of CNG in Public Urban Transport by : Jerzy Merkisz
Download or read book Environmental Aspects of the Use of CNG in Public Urban Transport written by Jerzy Merkisz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter concerns the problem of assessing the exhaust emission from the engines of city transport buses fuelled by CNG. It presents a comparative analysis of toxic exhaust emissions of CO, HC, NOx and PM, from urban buses powered by diesel and CNG. The measurements were carried out over the SORT standardised cycles as well as during a real drive condition on a city bus route. The research revealed that CNG bus generates significantly lower NOx emission, whereas its CO and HC emissions are higher. Taking into account low PM emissions, CNG buses should be regarded as eco-friendly means of public transport.
Book Synopsis Smart Energy for Smart Transport by : Eftihia G. Nathanail
Download or read book Smart Energy for Smart Transport written by Eftihia G. Nathanail and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-10 with total page 1837 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on original research and practical findings fostering sustainable and smart urban mobility transformation. Gathering contributions presented at the 6th Conference on Sustainable Urban Mobility, held from August 31 to September 2, 2022, on Skiathos Island, Greece, it covers topics relating to electric and clean energy, intelligent technologies and automation, green travel modes, and transport safety. It highlights solutions for inclusive transportation, sustainable and resilient supply chains, and describes novel strategies for urban planning and innovative transport infrastructure. This book offers extensive information to academicians, researchers, practitioners and decision makers working on effective strategies to transform urban mobility in a sustainable and equitable way.
Book Synopsis Comparison of Exhaust Emissions, Including Toxic Air Contaminants, from School Buses in Compressed Natural Gas, Low Emitting Diesel, and Conventional Diesel Engine Configurations by : Terry L. Ullman
Download or read book Comparison of Exhaust Emissions, Including Toxic Air Contaminants, from School Buses in Compressed Natural Gas, Low Emitting Diesel, and Conventional Diesel Engine Configurations written by Terry L. Ullman and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New Trends in Emission Control in the European Union by : Jerzy Merkisz
Download or read book New Trends in Emission Control in the European Union written by Jerzy Merkisz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-14 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses recent changes in the European legislation for exhaust emissions from motor vehicles. It starts with a comprehensive explanation of both the structure and range of applicability of new regulations, such as Euro 5 and Euro 6 for light-duty vehicles and Euro VI for heavy-duty vehicles. Then it introduces the most important issues in in-service conformity and conformity of production for vehicles, describing the latest procedures for performing exhaust emissions tests under both bench and operating conditions. Subsequently, it reports on portable emission measurement systems (PEMS) and their application for assessing the emissions of gaseous and particulate matter alike, under actual operating conditions and in all transport modes. Lastly, the book presents selected findings from exhaust emissions research on engines for a variety of transport vehicles, such as light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, as well as non-road vehicles, which include farm tractors, groundwork and forest machinery, diesel locomotives, high-rail vehicles, combat vehicles and special-purpose vehicles. This work offers a valuable reference guide for researchers and professionals dealing with environmental regulations and vehicle manufacturing in the European Union.
Book Synopsis Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions From a Heavy-Duty Hybrid Bus by : Steven Fritz
Download or read book Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions From a Heavy-Duty Hybrid Bus written by Steven Fritz and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of prototype heavy-duty hybrid vehicles introduces a number of challenges in assessing emissions performance compared to conventionally powered diesel or gasoline-fueled, heavy-duty vehicles. Difficulty is encountered because the engine may be operated on an intermittent basis (as a function of load or state of charge of the energy storage system) and in a narrow speed/load range. An engine test alone would not characterize the hybrid vehicle's emissions or fuel economy. Therefore, in this project, heavy-duty chassis dynamometer emission measurements were used to benchmark the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of a heavy-duty hybrid vehicle against a conventionally powered vehicle. The hybrid bus was powered with a CNG-fueled, VW 2.0L engine. Exhaust emissions from the hybrid bus were compared to a 1996 model year diesel-powered bus operated over the same driving cycles, and using the same inertia weight and road load as the hybrid bus. SwRI noted that the aftermarket CNG fuel system installed on the 2.0L VW engine did not function adequately; therefore, the exhaust emissions from the hybrid bus could have been much better if detailed optimization had been performed. In fact, NOx emissions were 25 to 30 percent higher than for the diesel bus. However, even with the non-optimum CNG fuel system, the exhaust emissions of NMHC and CO were significantly lower than observed for a comparable diesel bus. Although not directly measured, PM emissions from the hybrid bus were assumed to be essentially zero. Another significant finding was that the fuel consumption of the hybrid bus was 13 to 30 percent better than the diesel bus over the CBD-14 cycle, and 38 to 45 percent better than the diesel bus over the HDCC.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress by : SAE-China
Download or read book Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress written by SAE-China and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-07 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress are selected from nearly 2,000 papers submitted to the 34th FISITA World Automotive Congress, which is held by Society of Automotive Engineers of China (SAE-China ) and the International Federation of Automotive Engineering Societies (FISITA). This proceedings focus on solutions for sustainable mobility in all areas of passenger car, truck and bus transportation. Volume 3: Future Automotive Powertrains (I) focuses on: •Alternative Fuel and New Engine •Advanced Hybrid Electric Vehicle •Plug-in Electric Vehicle Above all researchers, professional engineers and graduates in fields of automotive engineering, mechanical engineering and electronic engineering will benefit from this book. SAE-China is a national academic organization composed of enterprises and professionals who focus on research, design and education in the fields of automotive and related industries. FISITA is the umbrella organization for the national automotive societies in 37 countries around the world. It was founded in Paris in 1948 with the purpose of bringing engineers from around the world together in a spirit of cooperation to share ideas and advance the technological development of the automobile.
Book Synopsis Exhaust Emissions from an Urban Transit Bus Powered by a Diesel/natural Gas Dual-fuel System by : Greg Rideout
Download or read book Exhaust Emissions from an Urban Transit Bus Powered by a Diesel/natural Gas Dual-fuel System written by Greg Rideout and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The exhaust emission rates of the regulated compounds, as well other unregulated components of the exhaust, were determined for an urban transit bus which had been converted to operate on either diesel or diesel-natural gas. The exhaust emission tests were conducted on a heavy duty chassis dynamometer capable of simulating the inertia weight and road loads that urban buses are subjected to during normal on-road operation. The emissions of total hydrocarbons, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbonyls, and total particulate were determined for the bus over various transient chassis dynamometer driving cycles. The test cycles included in the project were the Central Business District (CBO), the New York Bus Cycle (NYBUS), and New York Bus Composite Cycle (NYBCOMP). Arterial, and Commuter Cycles"--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Driving and Engine Cycles by : Evangelos G. Giakoumis
Download or read book Driving and Engine Cycles written by Evangelos G. Giakoumis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-09 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents in detail the most important driving and engine cycles used for the certification and testing of new vehicles and engines around the world. It covers chassis and engine-dynamometer cycles for passenger cars, light-duty vans, heavy-duty engines, non-road engines and motorcycles, offering detailed historical information and critical review. The book also provides detailed examples from SI and diesel engines and vehicles operating during various cycles, with a focus on how the engine behaves during transients and how this is reflected in emitted pollutants, CO2 and after-treatment systems operation. It describes the measurement methods for the testing of new vehicles and essential information on the procedure for creating a driving cycle. Lastly, it presents detailed technical specifications on the most important chassis-dynamometer cycles around the world, together with a direct comparison of those cycles.
Book Synopsis COMPARISON OF CLEAN DIESEL BUSES TO CNG BUSES. by : C. Bush
Download or read book COMPARISON OF CLEAN DIESEL BUSES TO CNG BUSES. written by C. Bush and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using previously published data on regulated and unregulated emissions, this paper will compare the environmental performance of current generation transit buses operated on compressed natural gas (CNG) to current generation transit buses operated on ultra low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD) and incorporating diesel particulate filters (DPF). Unregulated emissions evaluated include toxic compounds associated with adverse health effects (carbonyl, PAH, NPAH, benzene) as well as PM particle count and size distribution. For all regulated and unregulated emissions, both technologies are shown to be comparable. DPF equipped diesel buses and CNG buses have virtually identical levels of PM mass emissions and particle number emissions. DPF-equipped diesel buses have lower HC and CO emissions and lower emissions of toxic substances such as benzene, carbonyls and PAHs than CNG buses. CNG buses have lower NOx emissions than DPF-equipped buses, though CNG bus NOx emissions are shown to be much more variable. In addition, this paper will compare the capital and operating costs of CNG and DPF-equipped buses. The cost comparison is primarily based on the experience of MTA New York City Transit in operating CNG buses since 1995 and DPF-equipped buses fueled with ULSD since 2001. Published data on the experience of other large transit agencies in operating CNG buses is used to validate the NYCT experience. The incremental cost (compared to ''baseline'' diesel) of operating a typical 200-bus depot is shown to be six times higher for CNG buses than for ''clean diesel'' buses. The contributors to this increased cost for CNG buses are almost equally split between increased capital costs for purchase of buses and installation of fueling infrastructure, and increased operating costs for purchase of fuel, bus maintenance, and fuel station maintenance.
Book Synopsis Alternative Fuels by : Krzysztof Biernat
Download or read book Alternative Fuels written by Krzysztof Biernat and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-03-24 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presented book provides an overview of the most widely used alternative fuels in the power supply systems in spark-ignition engines and compression-ignition engines, such as LPG, CNG and RME, including the assessment of their operational usefulness, especially in terms of environmental impact in urban traffic. The possibilities of optimizing the ignition processes in engines fueled by gas are presented. The monograph also contains the results of exploitation tests with an assessment of the environmental impact of fuels containing oxygen additives in diesel engines. The possibilities of producing a wide range of advanced alternative fuels (biofuels) with the use of microorganisms as raw materials are also presented.
Book Synopsis A Quantitative Assessment of the Impact of Gas Phase Toxic Emissions from Motor Vehicles on Public Health and Welfare by : Xiaona Zhu
Download or read book A Quantitative Assessment of the Impact of Gas Phase Toxic Emissions from Motor Vehicles on Public Health and Welfare written by Xiaona Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Airport Ground Support Equipment (GSE) by :
Download or read book Airport Ground Support Equipment (GSE) written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2012 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At head of title: Airport Cooperative Research Program.
Book Synopsis Diesel Vehicle Emissions and Urban Air Quality by : Quality of Urban Air Review Group
Download or read book Diesel Vehicle Emissions and Urban Air Quality written by Quality of Urban Air Review Group and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessment of Hybrid-electric Transit Bus Technology by : Nigel N. Clark
Download or read book Assessment of Hybrid-electric Transit Bus Technology written by Nigel N. Clark and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2009 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TCRP Report 132: Assessment of Hybrid-Electric Transit Bus Technology provides decisionmaking guidelines coupled with a comprehensive life cycle cost model (LCCM) to assist transit managers in evaluating, selecting, and implementing hybrid-electric technology options for transit buses. The guidelines and the accompanying LCC model resulted from the gathering of site data coupled with a comprehensive review of both capital requirements and operating costs of hybrid-electric buses in comparison with those powered by traditional diesel engines. Information grew out of a sound, engineering-based, independent technical evaluation of the costs, performance, and reliability of hybrid-electric transit bus technology in actual service. The LCC model, contained on the accompanying CD-ROM (CRP-CD-71), allows the user to compare the total life cycle costs across several cost categories for up to 6 different "purchase scenarios." These scenarios let the user decide when the purchases will be made, the types of buses to be compared, the work load of the buses, and many other cost inputs in determining benefits and costs associated with alternative purchasing strategies.
Download or read book Automotive Air Pollution written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automotive air pollution will intensify with increasing urbanization and the rapid pace of motorization in developing countries. Without effective measures to curb air pollution, some 300-400 million city dwellers in developing countries will become exposed to unhealthy and dangerous levels of air pollution by the end of the century. Administratively simple policies that encourage clean fuels and better traffic management are the most promising approach to controlling vehicle pollutant emissions in developing countries.
Book Synopsis Diesel Combustion and Emissions by : Society of Automotive Engineers
Download or read book Diesel Combustion and Emissions written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
