Collective Rationality

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Collective Rationality and Collective Reasoning

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Author : Christopher McMahon
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521011785
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (117 download)

Book Synopsis Collective Rationality and Collective Reasoning by : Christopher McMahon

Download or read book Collective Rationality and Collective Reasoning written by Christopher McMahon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-08-06 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book examines the issue of rational cooperation, especially cooperation between people with conflicting moral commitments. The first part considers how the two main aspects of cooperation - the choice by a group of a particular cooperative scheme and the decision by each member to contribute to that scheme - can be understood as guided by reason. The second part explores how the activity of reasoning itself can take a cooperative form. The book is distinctive in offering an account of what people can accomplish by reasoning together, of the role of deliberation in democratic decision making, and of the negotiation of the proper use of concepts. Presenting for the first time a detailed analysis of the general problem of cooperation and collective reasoning between people with different moral commitments, this book will be of particular interest to philosophers of the social sciences and to students in political science, sociology and economics." --Cambridge Press.

Complex Economics

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Author : Alan Kirman
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136941673
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (369 download)

Book Synopsis Complex Economics by : Alan Kirman

Download or read book Complex Economics written by Alan Kirman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economic crisis is also a crisis for economic theory. Most analyses of the evolution of the crisis invoke three themes, contagion, networks and trust, yet none of these play a major role in standard macroeconomic models. What is needed is a theory in which these aspects are central. The direct interaction between individuals, firms and banks does not simply produce imperfections in the functioning of the economy but is the very basis of the functioning of a modern economy. This book suggests a way of analysing the economy which takes this point of view. The economy should be considered as a complex adaptive system in which the agents constantly react to, influence and are influenced by, the other individuals in the economy. In such systems which are familiar from statistical physics and biology for example, the behaviour of the aggregate cannot be deduced from the behaviour of the average, or "representative" individual. Just as the organised activity of an ants’ nest cannot be understood from the behaviour of a "representative ant" so macroeconomic phenomena should not be assimilated to those associated with the "representative agent". This book provides examples where this can clearly be seen. The examples range from Schelling’s model of segregation, to contributions to public goods, the evolution of buyer seller relations in fish markets, to financial models based on the foraging behaviour of ants. The message of the book is that coordination rather than efficiency is the central problem in economics. How do the myriads of individual choices and decisions come to be coordinated? How does the economy or a market, "self organise" and how does this sometimes result in major upheavals, or to use the phrase from physics, "phase transitions"? The sort of system described in this book is not in equilibrium in the standard sense, it is constantly changing and moving from state to state and its very structure is always being modified. The economy is not a ship sailing on a well-defined trajectory which occasionally gets knocked off course. It is more like the slime described in the book "emergence", constantly reorganising itself so as to slide collectively in directions which are neither understood nor necessarily desired by its components.

Collective Rationality

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Author : Paul Weirich
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0195388380
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

Book Synopsis Collective Rationality by : Paul Weirich

Download or read book Collective Rationality written by Paul Weirich and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2010 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groups of people perform acts that are subject to standards of rationality. The book's theory of collective rationality explains how to evaluate collective acts. The people engaged in a game of strategy collectively produce an outcome, and the theory reveals what makes some outcomes solutions. It generates new equilibrium standards for solutions to cooperative games.

Rational Choice, Collective Decisions, and Social Welfare

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Author : Kotaro Suzumura
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521122559
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (225 download)

Book Synopsis Rational Choice, Collective Decisions, and Social Welfare by : Kotaro Suzumura

Download or read book Rational Choice, Collective Decisions, and Social Welfare written by Kotaro Suzumura and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the phenomenon of social cooperation failure, even amongst a group of rational individuals.

Words, Objects and Events in Economics

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Author : Peter Róna
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030526739
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

Book Synopsis Words, Objects and Events in Economics by : Peter Róna

Download or read book Words, Objects and Events in Economics written by Peter Róna and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book examines from a variety of perspectives the disappearance of moral content and ethical judgment from the models employed in the formulation of modern economic theory, and some of the papers contain important proposals about how moral judgment could be reintroduced in economic theory. The chapters collected in this volume result from the favorable reception of the first volume of the Virtues in Economics series and represent further contributions to the themes set out in that volume: (i) examining the philosophical and methodological fallacies of this turn in modern economic theory that the removal of the moral motivation of economic agents from modern economic theory has entailed; and (ii) proposing a return descriptive economics as the means with which the moral content of economic life could be restored in economic theory. This book is of interest to researchers and students of the methodology of economics, ethics, philosophers concerned with agency and economists who build economic models that rest in the intention of the agent.

Rationality

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Author : Steven Pinker
Publisher : Penguin UK
ISBN 13 : 0241380308
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (413 download)

Book Synopsis Rationality by : Steven Pinker

Download or read book Rationality written by Steven Pinker and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A TIMES BOOK OF THE YEAR 2021 'Punchy, funny and invigorating ... Pinker is the high priest of rationalism' Sunday Times 'If you've ever considered taking drugs to make yourself smarter, read Rationality instead. It's cheaper, more entertaining, and more effective' Jonathan Haidt, author of The Righteous Mind In the twenty-first century, humanity is reaching new heights of scientific understanding - and at the same time appears to be losing its mind. How can a species that discovered vaccines for Covid-19 in less than a year produce so much fake news, quack cures and conspiracy theorizing? In Rationality, Pinker rejects the cynical cliché that humans are simply an irrational species - cavemen out of time fatally cursed with biases, fallacies and illusions. After all, we discovered the laws of nature, lengthened and enriched our lives and set the benchmarks for rationality itself. Instead, he explains, we think in ways that suit the low-tech contexts in which we spend most of our lives, but fail to take advantage of the powerful tools of reasoning we have built up over millennia: logic, critical thinking, probability, causal inference, and decision-making under uncertainty. These tools are not a standard part of our educational curricula, and have never been presented clearly and entertainingly in a single book - until now. Rationality matters. It leads to better choices in our lives and in the public sphere, and is the ultimate driver of social justice and moral progress. Brimming with insight and humour, Rationality will enlighten, inspire and empower. 'A terrific book, much-needed for our time' Peter Singer

The Critical Mass in Collective Action

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Author : Gerald Marwell
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521308399
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (213 download)

Book Synopsis The Critical Mass in Collective Action by : Gerald Marwell

Download or read book The Critical Mass in Collective Action written by Gerald Marwell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-03-26 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of collective action is that each group member wants other members to make necessary sacrifices while he or she 'free rides', reaping the benefits of collective action without doing the work. Therefore, no one does the work and the common interest is not realized. This book analyses the social pressure whereby groups solve the problem of collective action.

The Limits of Rationality

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Author : Karen Schweers Cook
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226742415
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)

Book Synopsis The Limits of Rationality by : Karen Schweers Cook

Download or read book The Limits of Rationality written by Karen Schweers Cook and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-10-03 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prevailing economic theory presumes that agents act rationally when they make decisions, striving to maximize the efficient use of their resources. Psychology has repeatedly challenged the rational choice paradigm with persuasive evidence that people do not always make the optimal choice. Yet the paradigm has proven so successful a predictor that its use continues to flourish, fueled by debate across the social sciences over why it works so well. Intended to introduce novices to rational choice theory, this accessible, interdisciplinary book collects writings by leading researchers. The Limits of Rationality illuminates the rational choice paradigm of social and political behavior itself, identifies its limitations, clarifies the nature of current controversies, and offers suggestions for improving current models. In the first section of the book, contributors consider the theoretical foundations of rational choice. Models of rational choice play an important role in providing a standard of human action and the bases for constitutional design, but do they also succeed as explanatory models of behavior? Do empirical failures of these explanatory models constitute a telling condemnation of rational choice theory or do they open new avenues of investigation and theorizing? Emphasizing analyses of norms and institutions, the second and third sections of the book investigate areas in which rational choice theory might be extended in order to provide better models. The contributors evaluate the adequacy of analyses based on neoclassical economics, the potential contributions of game theory and cognitive science, and the consequences for the basic framework when unequal bargaining power and hierarchy are introduced.

Collective Action and the Civil Rights Movement

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Author : Dennis Chong
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022622869X
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)

Book Synopsis Collective Action and the Civil Rights Movement by : Dennis Chong

Download or read book Collective Action and the Civil Rights Movement written by Dennis Chong and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-12-10 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collective Action and the Civil Rights Movement is a theoretical study of the dynamics of public-spirited collective action as well as a substantial study of the American civil rights movement and the local and national politics that surrounded it. In this major historical application of rational choice theory to a social movement, Dennis Chong reexamines the problem of organizing collective action by focusing on the social, psychological, and moral incentives of political activism that are often neglected by rational choice theorists. Using game theoretic concepts as well as dynamic models, he explores how rational individuals decide to participate in social movements and how these individual decisions translate into collective outcomes. In addition to applying formal modeling to the puzzling and important social phenomenon of collective action, he offers persuasive insights into the political and psychological dynamics that provoke and sustain public activism. This remarkably accessible study demonstrates how the civil rights movement succeeded against difficult odds by mobilizing community resources, resisting powerful opposition, and winning concessions from the government.

The Rational Public

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Author : Benjamin I. Page
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226644804
Total Pages : 507 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (266 download)

Book Synopsis The Rational Public by : Benjamin I. Page

Download or read book The Rational Public written by Benjamin I. Page and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-05-27 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monumental study is a comprehensive critical survey of the policy preferences of the American public, and will be the definitive work on American public opinion for some time to come. Drawing on an enormous body of public opinion data, Benjamin I. Page and Robert Y. Shapiro provide the richest available portrait of the political views of Americans, from the 1930's to 1990. They not only cover all types of domestic and foreign policy issues, but also consider how opinions vary by age, gender, race, region, and the like. The authors unequivocally demonstrate that, notwithstanding fluctuations in the opinions of individuals, collective public opinion is remarkably coherent: it reflects a stable system of values shared by the majority of Americans and it responds sensitively to new events, arguments, and information reported in the mass media. While documenting some alarming case of manipulation, Page and Shapiro solidly establish the soundness and value of collective political opinion. The Rational Public provides a wealth of information about what we as a nation have wanted from government, how we have changed our minds over the years, and why. For anyone interested in the short- and long-term trends in Americans' policy preferences, or eager to learn what Americans have thought about issues ranging from racial equality to the MX missile, welfare to abortion, this book offers by far the most sophisticated and detailed treatment available.

From Individual to Collective Intentionality

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Author : Sara Rachel Chant
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199936501
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

Book Synopsis From Individual to Collective Intentionality by : Sara Rachel Chant

Download or read book From Individual to Collective Intentionality written by Sara Rachel Chant and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-04 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acting together requires collective intentions. The contributions to this volume seek to critically assess or to enrich theories of collective intentionality by exploring topics such as collective belief, mutual coordination, and the explanation of group behavior.

Collective Political Rationality

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Author : Gregory E. McAvoy
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317504658
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

Book Synopsis Collective Political Rationality by : Gregory E. McAvoy

Download or read book Collective Political Rationality written by Gregory E. McAvoy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amidst the polarization of contemporary politics, partisan loyalties among citizens are regarded as one contributor to political stalemate. Partisan loyalties lead Democrats and Republicans to look at the same economic information but to come to strikingly different conclusions about the state of the economy and the performance of the president in managing it. As a result, many observers argue that democratic politics would work better if citizens would shed their party loyalty and more dispassionately assess political and economic news. In this book, Gregory E. McAvoy argues—contra this conventional wisdom; that partisanship is a necessary feature of modern politics, making it feasible for citizens to make some sense of the vast number of issues that make their way onto the political agenda. Using unique data, he shows that the biases and distortions that partisanship introduces to collective opinion are real, but despite them, collective opinion changes meaningfully in response to economic and political news. In a comparison of the public’s assessment of the economy to those of economic experts, he finds a close correspondence between the two over time, and that in modern democracies an informed public will also necessarily be partisan. Modernizing the study of collective opinion, McAvoy's book is essential reading for scholars of American Public Opinion and Political Behavior.

Rational Choice Theory and Organizational Theory

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Author : Mary Zey
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 9780803951365
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (513 download)

Book Synopsis Rational Choice Theory and Organizational Theory by : Mary Zey

Download or read book Rational Choice Theory and Organizational Theory written by Mary Zey and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1998 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rational Choice Theory and Organizational Theory is written in response to the neo-classical economic rational choice theories and organizational economic theories which have emerged in the past decade and gained center stage in current organizational analysis.

How Reason Almost Lost Its Mind

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Author : Paul Erickson
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022604677X
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

Book Synopsis How Reason Almost Lost Its Mind by : Paul Erickson

Download or read book How Reason Almost Lost Its Mind written by Paul Erickson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States at the height of the Cold War, roughly between the end of World War II and the early 1980s, a new project of redefining rationality commanded the attention of sharp minds, powerful politicians, wealthy foundations, and top military brass. Its home was the human sciences—psychology, sociology, political science, and economics, among others—and its participants enlisted in an intellectual campaign to figure out what rationality should mean and how it could be deployed. How Reason Almost Lost Its Mind brings to life the people—Herbert Simon, Oskar Morgenstern, Herman Kahn, Anatol Rapoport, Thomas Schelling, and many others—and places, including the RAND Corporation, the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, the Cowles Commission for Research and Economics, and the Council on Foreign Relations, that played a key role in putting forth a “Cold War rationality.” Decision makers harnessed this picture of rationality—optimizing, formal, algorithmic, and mechanical—in their quest to understand phenomena as diverse as economic transactions, biological evolution, political elections, international relations, and military strategy. The authors chronicle and illuminate what it meant to be rational in the age of nuclear brinkmanship.

Rationality, Democracy, and Justice

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Author : Claudio López-Guerra
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107065232
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

Book Synopsis Rationality, Democracy, and Justice by : Claudio López-Guerra

Download or read book Rationality, Democracy, and Justice written by Claudio López-Guerra and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-02-05 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume advances the research agenda of one of the most remarkable political thinkers of our time: Jon Elster. With an impressive list of contributors, it features studies in five topics in political and social theory: rationality and collective action, political and social norms, democracy and constitution making, transitional justice, and the explanation of social behavior. Additionally, this volume includes chapters on the development of Elster's thinking over the past decades. Like Elster's own writings, the essays in this collection are problem-driven, nonideal inquiries of practical relevance. This volume closes with lucid comments by Jon Elster.

Rationality and Collective Belief

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Author : Anthony R. Harris
Publisher : Greenwood
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

Book Synopsis Rationality and Collective Belief by : Anthony R. Harris

Download or read book Rationality and Collective Belief written by Anthony R. Harris and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1986 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Sour Grapes

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Author : Jon Elster
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107142024
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

Book Synopsis Sour Grapes by : Jon Elster

Download or read book Sour Grapes written by Jon Elster and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-08-26 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is Jon Elster's influential study of irrationality, challenging orthodox theories of rational choice.