Cold War And Black Liberation

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Cold War and Black Liberation

Author : Thomas J. Noer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Cold War and Black Liberation by : Thomas J. Noer

Download or read book Cold War and Black Liberation written by Thomas J. Noer and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "For too long Africa has been the dark continent in the history of American foreign relations. Recent debate over the importance of human rights, however, has focused attention on that continent. Thomas Noer's study of U.S. policy toward the regimes of South Africa, Rhodesia, and Angola is among the first to explore the African angle in American diplomacy. It is also the first work to analyze the influence of the American civil rights and black power movements on foreign relations. Based on extensive research in recently declassified materials, Cold War and Black Liberation documents the intense debates and diplomatic dilemmas arising in 1948 with the triumph of South Africa's Nationalist party and its ensuing policy of apartheid. In the context of the emerging civil rights movement in the United States, Noer then details America's response to the international problem of white rule on a black continent, concluding his study with an epilogue that carries the narrative into the 1980s. Noer's study also illustrates the basic conflict in American diplomacy between traditional commitments to majority rule and human rights and more immediate (and often prevailing) strategic, economic , and political interests. The emotional issues of race, human rights, and anticommunism make policy decisions complex and controversial, as American blacks, black Africans, European allies, and the white minority governments all lobbied to influence U.S. policy." --

Cold War in Southern Africa

Author : Sue Onslow
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113521932X
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (352 download)

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Book Synopsis Cold War in Southern Africa by : Sue Onslow

Download or read book Cold War in Southern Africa written by Sue Onslow and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-09-10 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume examines the complexities of the Cold War in Southern Africa and uses a range of archives to develop a more detailed understanding of the impact of the Cold War environment upon the processes of political change. In the aftermath of European decolonization, the struggle between white minority governments and black liberation movements encouraged both sides to appeal for external support from the two superpower blocs. Cold War in Southern Africa highlights the importance of the global ideological environment on the perceptions and consequent behaviour of the white minority regimes, the Black Nationalist movements, and the newly independent African nationalist governments. Together, they underline the variety of archival sources on the history of Southern Africa in the Cold War and its growing importance in Cold War Studies. This volume brings together a series of essays by leading scholars based on a wide range of sources in the United States, Russia, Cuba, Britain, Zambia and South Africa. By focussing on a range of independent actors, these essays highlight the complexity of the conflict in Southern Africa: a battle of power blocs, of systems and ideas, which intersected with notions and practices of race and class This book will appeal to students of cold war studies, US foreign policy, African politics and International History. Sue Onslow has taught at the London School of Economics since 1994. She is currently a Cold War Studies Fellow in the Cold War Studies Centre/IDEAS

Black Liberation/red Scare

Author : Gerald Horne
Publisher : University of Delaware Press
ISBN 13 : 9780874134728
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Liberation/red Scare by : Gerald Horne

Download or read book Black Liberation/red Scare written by Gerald Horne and published by University of Delaware Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Black Liberation/Red Scare is a study of an African-American Communist leader, Ben Davis, Jr. (1904-64). Though it examines the numerous grassroots campaigns that he was involved in, it is first and foremost a study of the man and secondarily a study of the Communist party from the 1930s to the 1960s. By examining the public life of an important party leader, Gerald Horne uniquely approaches the story of how and why the party rose - and fell." "Ben Davis, Jr., was the son of a prominent Atlanta publisher and businessman who was also the top African-American leader of the Republican party until the onset of the Great Depression. Davis was trained for the black elite at Morehouse, Amherst, and Harvard Law School. After graduating from Harvard, he joined the Communist party, where he remained as one of its most visible leaders for thirty years. In 1943, after being endorsed by his predecessor, Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., he was elected to the New York City Council from Harlem and subsequently reelected by a larger margin in 1945. Davis received support from such community figures as NAACP leader Roy Wilkins, boxer Joe Louis, and musician Duke Ellington. While on the council Davis fought for rent control and progressive taxation and struggled against transit fare hikes and police brutality." "With the onset of the Red Scare and the Cold War, Davis - like the Communist party itself - was marginalized. The Cold War made it difficult for the U.S. to compete with Moscow for the hearts and minds of African-Americans while they were subjected to third-class citizenship at home. Yet in return for civil rights concessions, African-American organizations such as the NAACP were forced to distance themselves from figures such as Ben Davis. In 1949 he was ousted unceremoniously (and perhaps illegally) from the City Council. He was put on trial, jailed in 1951, and not released until 1956, when the civil rights movement was gathering momentum. His friendship with the King family, based upon family ties in Atlanta, was the ostensible cause for the FBI surveillance of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and COINTELPRO, the counterintelligence program of the FBI, which was aimed initially at the CP-USA, made sure to keep a close eye on Davis as well. But when the civil rights movement reached full strength in the 1960s Davis's controversial appearances at college campuses helped to set the stage for a new era of activism at universities." "Davis died in 1964. According to Horne, the time has now come when he, along with his good friend Paul Robeson and W. E. B. DuBois, should be regarded as a premier leader of African-Americans and the U.S. Left during the twentieth century."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Out of Oakland

Author : Sean L. Malloy
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501712705
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Out of Oakland by : Sean L. Malloy

Download or read book Out of Oakland written by Sean L. Malloy and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-06 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Out of Oakland offers a wonderful case study in the possibilities and limitations of transnational organizing. ― Diplomatic History In Out of Oakland, Sean L. Malloy explores the evolving internationalism of the Black Panther Party (BPP); the continuing exile of former members, including Assata Shakur, in Cuba is testament to the lasting nature of the international bonds that were forged during the party's heyday. Founded in Oakland, California, in October 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, the BPP began with no more than a dozen members. Focused on local issues, most notably police brutality, the Panthers patrolled their West Oakland neighborhood armed with shotguns and law books. Within a few years, the BPP had expanded its operations into a global confrontation with what Minister of Information Eldridge Cleaver dubbed "the international pig power structure." Malloy traces the shifting intersections between the black freedom struggle in the United States, Third World anticolonialism, and the Cold War. By the early 1970s, the Panthers had chapters across the United States as well as an international section headquartered in Algeria and support groups and emulators as far afield as England, India, New Zealand, Israel, and Sweden. The international section served as an official embassy for the BPP and a beacon for American revolutionaries abroad, attracting figures ranging from Black Power skyjackers to fugitive LSD guru Timothy Leary. Engaging directly with the expanding Cold War, BPP representatives cultivated alliances with the governments of Cuba, North Korea, China, North Vietnam, and the People's Republic of the Congo as well as European and Japanese militant groups and the Palestinian Liberation Organization. In an epilogue, Malloy directly links the legacy of the BPP to contemporary questions raised by the Black Lives Matter movement.

Love for Liberation

Author : Robin J. Hayes
Publisher : University of Washington Press
ISBN 13 : 0295749067
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (957 download)

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Book Synopsis Love for Liberation by : Robin J. Hayes

Download or read book Love for Liberation written by Robin J. Hayes and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2021-07-16 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the height of the Cold War, passionate idealists across the US and Africa came together to fight for Black self-determination and the antiracist remaking of society. Beginning with the 1957 Ghanaian independence celebration, the optimism and challenges of African independence leaders were publicized to African Americans through community-based newspapers and Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Inspired by African independence—and frustrated with the slow pace of civil rights reforms in the US—a new generation of Black Power activists embarked on nonviolent direct action campaigns and built alternative institutions designed as spaces of freedom from racial subjugation. Featuring interviews with activists, extensive archival research, and media analysis, Robin Hayes reveals how Black Power and African independence activists created a diaspora underground, characterized by collaboration and reciprocal empowerment. Together, they redefined racial discrimination as an international human rights issue requiring education, sustained collective action, and global solidarity—laying the groundwork for future transnational racial justice movements, such as Black Lives Matter.

Black and Red

Author : Gerald Horne
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780887060878
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Black and Red by : Gerald Horne

Download or read book Black and Red written by Gerald Horne and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1986-01-01 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many historians have seen a radical shift in W.E.B. Du Bois' political activities in his later years. Following World War II, the evolution of his political perspective led to his ouster from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, where he had worked for years, and the Justice Department's indictment of him for failure to register as a foreign agent. In this extensively researched study, Gerald Horne shows that Du Bois' later activities were the culmination of his lifelong concerns, which Du Bois resolutely followed despite the threats of Cold War McCarthyism. In investigating Du Bois' last 20 years, Horne shows how the confluence of Cold War anticommunism and attempts to discredit the civil rights and anticolonial movements influenced the evaluation of Du Bois' activity. The recently opened papers of W.E.B. Du Bois and previously unexamined papers of the NAACP are among the new sources Horne examined for his study.

The East Is Black

Author : Robeson Taj Frazier
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822376091
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis The East Is Black by : Robeson Taj Frazier

Download or read book The East Is Black written by Robeson Taj Frazier and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2014-12-03 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Cold War, several prominent African American radical activist-intellectuals—including W.E.B. and Shirley Graham Du Bois, journalist William Worthy, Marxist feminist Vicki Garvin, and freedom fighters Mabel and Robert Williams—traveled and lived in China. There, they used a variety of media to express their solidarity with Chinese communism and to redefine the relationship between Asian struggles against imperialism and black American movements against social, racial, and economic injustice. In The East Is Black, Taj Frazier examines the ways in which these figures and the Chinese government embraced the idea of shared struggle against U.S. policies at home and abroad. He analyzes their diverse cultural output (newsletters, print journalism, radio broadcasts, political cartoons, lectures, and documentaries) to document how they imagined communist China’s role within a broader vision of a worldwide anticapitalist coalition against racism and imperialism.

Black Liberation / Red Scare

Author : Gerald Horne
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780717808625
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Liberation / Red Scare by : Gerald Horne

Download or read book Black Liberation / Red Scare written by Gerald Horne and published by . This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black Liberation/Red Scare is a study of an African American Communist leader, Ben Davis, Jr. (1904-64). Though it examines the numerous grassroots campaigns that he was involved in, it is first and foremost a study of the man and secondarily a study of the Communist party from the 1930s to the 1960s. By examining the public life of an important party leader, Gerald Horne uniquely approaches the story of how and why the party rose and fell. Ben Davis, Jr., was the son of a prominent Atlanta publisher and businessman who was also the top African American leader of the Republican party until the onset of the Great Depression. Davis was trained for the black elite at Morehouse, Amherst, and Harvard Law School. After graduating from Harvard, he joined the Communist party, where he remained as one of its most visible leaders for thirty years. In 1943, after being endorsed by his predecessor, Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., he was elected to the New York City Council from Harlem and subsequently reelected by a larger margin in 1945. Davis received support from such community figures as NAACP leader Roy Wilkins, boxer Joe Louis, and musician Duke Ellington. While on the council Davis fought for rent control and progressive taxation and struggled against transit fare hikes and police brutality. With the onset of the Red Scare and the Cold War, Davis-like the Communist party itself was marginalized. The Cold War made it difficult for the U.S. to compete with Moscow for the hearts and minds of African Americans while they were subjected to third-class citizenship at home. Yet in return for civil rights concessions, African American organizations such as the NAACP were forced to distance themselves from figures such as Ben Davis. In 1949 he was ousted unceremoniously (and perhaps illegally from the City Council. He was put on trial, jailed in 1951, and not released until 1956, when the civil rights movement was gathering momentum. His friendship with the King family, based upon family ties in Atlanta, was the ostensible cause for the FBI surveillance of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. COINTEL-PRO, the counterintelligence program of the FBI, which was aimed initially at the CPUSA, made sure to keep a close eye on Davis as well. But when the civil rights movement reached full strength in the 1960s Davis's controversial appearances at college campuses helped to set the stage for a new era of activism at universities. Davis died in 1964. According to Horne, the time has now come when he, along with his good friend Paul Robeson and W. E. B. DuBois, should be regarded as a premier leader of African- Americans and the U.S. Left during the twentieth century.

Selma to Saigon

Author : Daniel S. Lucks
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813145090
Total Pages : 395 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Selma to Saigon by : Daniel S. Lucks

Download or read book Selma to Saigon written by Daniel S. Lucks and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2014-03-19 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Selma to Saigon Daniel S. Lucks explores the impact of the Vietnam War on the national civil rights movement. Through detailed research and a powerful narrative, Lucks illuminates the effects of the Vietnam War on leaders such as Whitney Young Jr., Stokely Carmichael, Roy Wilkins, Bayard Rustin, and Martin Luther King Jr., as well as lesser-known Americans in the movement who faced the threat of the military draft as well as racial discrimination and violence.

The Oxford Handbook of the Cold War

Author : Richard H. Immerman
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191643629
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Cold War by : Richard H. Immerman

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Cold War written by Richard H. Immerman and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-01-31 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of the Cold War offers a broad reassessment of the period war based on new conceptual frameworks developed in the field of international history. Nearing the 25th anniversary of its end, the cold war now emerges as a distinct period in twentieth-century history, yet one which should be evaluated within the broader context of global political, economic, social, and cultural developments. The editors have brought together leading scholars in cold war history to offer a new assessment of the state of the field and identify fundamental questions for future research. The individual chapters in this volume evaluate both the extent and the limits of the cold war's reach in world history. They call into question orthodox ways of ordering the chronology of the cold war and also present new insights into the global dimension of the conflict. Even though each essay offers a unique perspective, together they show the interconnectedness between cold war and national and transnational developments, including long-standing conflicts that preceded the cold war and persisted after its end, or global transformations in areas such as human rights or economic and cultural globalization. Because of its broad mandate, the volume is structured not along conventional chronological lines, but thematically, offering essays on conceptual frameworks, regional perspectives, cold war instruments and cold war challenges. The result is a rich and diverse accounting of the ways in which the cold war should be positioned within the broader context of world history.

Race against Empire

Author : Penny M. Von Eschen
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801471702
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Race against Empire by : Penny M. Von Eschen

Download or read book Race against Empire written by Penny M. Von Eschen and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-14 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marshaling evidence from a wide array of international sources, including the black presses of the time, Penny M. Von Eschen offers a vivid portrayal of the African diaspora in its international heyday, from the 1945 Manchester Pan-African Congress to early cooperation with the United Nations. Tracing the relationship between transformations in anti-colonial politics and the history of the United States during its emergence as the dominant world power, she challenges bipolar Cold War paradigms. She documents the efforts of African-American political leaders, intellectuals, and journalists who forcefully promoted anti-colonial politics and critiqued U.S. foreign policy. The eclipse of anti-colonial politics—which Von Eschen traces through African-American responses to the early Cold War, U.S. government prosecution of black American anti-colonial activists, and State Department initiatives in Africa—marked a change in the very meaning of race and racism in America from historical and international issues to psychological and domestic ones. She concludes that the collision of anti-colonialism with Cold War liberalism illuminates conflicts central to the reshaping of America; the definition of political, economic, and civil rights; and the question of who, in America and across the globe, is to have access to these rights.

Cold War and Decolonization in Guinea, 1946-1958

Author : Elizabeth Schmidt
Publisher : Ohio University Press
ISBN 13 : 0821417630
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Cold War and Decolonization in Guinea, 1946-1958 by : Elizabeth Schmidt

Download or read book Cold War and Decolonization in Guinea, 1946-1958 written by Elizabeth Schmidt and published by Ohio University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the African Politics Conference Group’s Best Book Award In September 1958, Guinea claimed its independence, rejecting a constitution that would have relegated it to junior partnership in the French Community. In all the French empire, Guinea was the only territory to vote “No.” Orchestrating the “No” vote was the Guinean branch of the Rassemblement Démocratique Africain (RDA), an alliance of political parties with affiliates in French West and Equatorial Africa and the United Nations trusts of Togo and Cameroon. Although Guinea’s stance vis-à-vis the 1958 constitution has been recognized as unique, until now the historical roots of this phenomenon have not been adequately explained. Clearly written and free of jargon, Cold War and Decolonization in Guinea argues that Guinea’s vote for independence was the culmination of a decade-long struggle between local militants and political leaders for control of the political agenda. Since 1950, when RDA representatives in the French parliament severed their ties to the French Communist Party, conservative elements had dominated the RDA. In Guinea, local cadres had opposed the break. Victimized by the administration and sidelined by their own leaders, they quietly rebuilt the party from the base. Leftist militants, their voices muted throughout most of the decade, gained preeminence in 1958, when trade unionists, students, the party’s women’s and youth wings, and other grassroots actors pushed the Guinean RDA to endorse a “No” vote. Thus, Guinea’s rejection of the proposed constitution in favor of immediate independence was not an isolated aberration. Rather, it was the outcome of years of political mobilization by activists who, despite Cold War repression, ultimately pushed the Guinean RDA to the left. The significance of this highly original book, based on previously unexamined archival records and oral interviews with grassroots activists, extends far beyond its primary subject. In illuminating the Guinean case, Elizabeth Schmidt helps us understand the dynamics of decolonization and its legacy for postindependence nation-building in many parts of the developing world. Examining Guinean history from the bottom up, Schmidt considers local politics within the larger context of the Cold War, making her book suitable for courses in African history and politics, diplomatic history, and Cold War history.

Radicalism at the Crossroads

Author : Dayo F. Gore
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814770118
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Radicalism at the Crossroads by : Dayo F. Gore

Download or read book Radicalism at the Crossroads written by Dayo F. Gore and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2012-10-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the exception of a few iconic moments such as Rosa Parks’s 1955 refusal to move to the back of a Montgomery bus, we hear little about what black women activists did prior to 1960. Perhaps this gap is due to the severe repression that radicals of any color in America faced as early as the 1930s, and into the Red Scare of the 1950s. To be radical, and black and a woman was to be forced to the margins and consequently, these women’s stories have been deeply buried and all but forgotten by the general public and historians alike. In this exciting work of historical recovery, Dayo F. Gore unearths and examines a dynamic, extended network of black radical women during the early Cold War, including established Communist Party activists such as Claudia Jones, artists and writers such as Beulah Richardson, and lesser known organizers such as Vicki Garvin and Thelma Dale. These women were part of a black left that laid much of the groundwork for both the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and later strains of black radicalism. Radicalism at the Crossroads offers a sustained and in-depth analysis of the political thought and activism of black women radicals during the Cold War period and adds a new dimension to our understanding of this tumultuous time in United States history.

The African American Voice in U.S. Foreign Policy Since World War II

Author : Michael L. Krenn
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 9780815334187
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (341 download)

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Book Synopsis The African American Voice in U.S. Foreign Policy Since World War II by : Michael L. Krenn

Download or read book The African American Voice in U.S. Foreign Policy Since World War II written by Michael L. Krenn and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1999 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume traces the modern critical and performance history of this play, one of Shakespeare's most-loved and most-performed comedies. The essay focus on such modern concerns as feminism, deconstruction, textual theory, and queer theory.

Cold War Progressives

Author : Jacqueline Castledine
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 025203726X
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Cold War Progressives by : Jacqueline Castledine

Download or read book Cold War Progressives written by Jacqueline Castledine and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2012-11-05 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the women activists who had been in the Progressive Party before its demise in 1955, and what they did politically after that demise. Their broad definition of peace (including social justice, rather than just absence of violence) was no longer politically popular in an era acknowledging the necessity of war against Soviet Communism, and they pursued their various political aims (racial equality, sexual equality, opposition to war, etc.) in different ways.

Parapolitics

Author : Anselm Franke
Publisher : National Geographic Books
ISBN 13 : 3956795083
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (567 download)

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Book Synopsis Parapolitics by : Anselm Franke

Download or read book Parapolitics written by Anselm Franke and published by National Geographic Books. This book was released on 2021-08-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the use of modernism in the twentieth-century battle for US hegemony, through the activities of the CIA-funded Congress for Cultural Freedom. Parapolitics confronts the contemporary fate of intellectual autonomy and artistic freedom by revisiting the use of modernism in the twentieth-century battle for US hegemony. It builds on a major exhibition at Haus der Kulturen der Welt (2017–18) that took as its starting point the Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF)—an organization covertly funded by the Central Intelligence Agency in order to steer the Left away from its remaining commitment to communism. Paying particular attention to CCF activities in the non-European world during a period of decolonization and the Civil Rights Movement, Parapolitics assembles archival documentation from five continents alongside a selection of historical artworks to explore the context in which artists negotiated the framing and meaning of their work. A rich reference book for future researchers and everybody interested in the legacy of modernism, the publication also presents more than thirty newly commissioned contributions by contemporary artists and scholars.

Black Revolutionary

Author : Gerald Horne
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 0252095189
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Revolutionary by : Gerald Horne

Download or read book Black Revolutionary written by Gerald Horne and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A leading African American Communist, lawyer William L. Patterson (1891–1980) was instrumental in laying the groundwork for the defeat of Jim Crowby virtue of his leadership of the Scottsboro campaign in the 1930s. In this watershed biography, historian Gerald Horne shows how Patterson helped to advance African American equality by fostering and leveraging international support for the movement. Horne highlights key moments in Patterson's global activism: his early education in the Soviet Union, his involvement with the Scottsboro trials and other high-profile civil rights cases of the 1930s to 1950s, his 1951 "We Charge Genocide" petition to the United Nations, and his later work with prisons and the Black Panther Party. Through Patterson's story, Horne examines how the Cold War affected the freedom movement, with civil rights leadership sometimes disavowing African American leftists in exchange for concessions from the U.S. government. He also probes the complex and often contradictory relationship between the Communist Party and the African American community, including the impact of the FBI's infiltration of the Communist Party. Drawing from government and FBI documents, newspapers, periodicals, archival and manuscript collections, and personal papers, Horne documents Patterson's effectiveness at carrying the freedom struggle into the global arena and provides a fresh perspective on twentieth-century struggles for racial justice.