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Cognitive Constraints On Communication
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Book Synopsis Cognitive Constraints on Communication by : L.M. Vaina
Download or read book Cognitive Constraints on Communication written by L.M. Vaina and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Communication is one of the most challenging human phenomena, and the same is true of its paradigmatic verbal realization as a dialogue. Not only is communication crucial for virtually all interpersonal relations; dialogue is often seen as offering us also a paradigm for important intra-individual processes. The best known example is undoubtedly the idea of concep tualizing thinking as an internal dialogue, "inward dialogue carried on by the mind within itself without spoken sound", as Plato called it in the Sophist. At first, the study of communication seems to be too vaguely defmed to have much promise. It is up to us, so to speak, to decide what to say and how to say it. However, on eloser scrutiny, the process of communication is seen to be subject to various subtle constraints. They are due inter alia to the nature of the parties of the communicative act, and most importantly, to the properties of the language or other method of representation presupposed in that particuIar act of communication. It is therefore not surprising that in the study of communication as a cognitive process the critical issues revolve around the nature of the representations and the nature of the computations that create, maintain and interpret these representations. The term "repre sentation" as used here indicates a particular way of specifying information about a given subject.
Book Synopsis Cognition, Convention, and Communication by : Mark H. Bickhard
Download or read book Cognition, Convention, and Communication written by Mark H. Bickhard and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1980 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Communication and Group Decision Making by : Randy Y. Hirokawa
Download or read book Communication and Group Decision Making written by Randy Y. Hirokawa and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1996-07-09 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Communication and Group Decision-Making takes stock of recent group communication research - with an explicit focus on communication processes. This book is recommended for academics, professionals and researchers in communication and organization
Book Synopsis Technology for Adaptive Aging by : National Research Council
Download or read book Technology for Adaptive Aging written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-04-25 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging and currently available technologies offer great promise for helping older adults, even those without serious disabilities, to live healthy, comfortable, and productive lives. What technologies offer the most potential benefit? What challenges must be overcome, what problems must be solved, for this promise to be fulfilled? How can federal agencies like the National Institute on Aging best use their resources to support the translation from laboratory findings to useful, marketable products and services? Technology for Adaptive Aging is the product of a workshop that brought together distinguished experts in aging research and in technology to discuss applications of technology to communication, education and learning, employment, health, living environments, and transportation for older adults. It includes all of the workshop papers and the report of the committee that organized the workshop. The committee report synthesizes and evaluates the points made in the workshop papers and recommends priorities for federal support of translational research in technology for older adults.
Book Synopsis Modularity and Constraints in Language and Cognition by : Megan R. Gunnar
Download or read book Modularity and Constraints in Language and Cognition written by Megan R. Gunnar and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the central problems in the study of modern cognition is the degree to which higher cognition is modularized: that is, how much are higher functions carried out by domain-specific, specialized, cognitive subsystems, rather than a highly general cognitive learning and inferring device? To date, ideas and proposals about modularity have been best developed in the study of vision and grammar. In the present volume, the usefulness of approaches employing modularity and domain specificity are further explored in papers on the development of biological thought, word meaning, symbols, and emotional development, as well as in the core area of grammar itself, by leading researchers in these fields. The volume also contains an introduction to some basic ideas and concepts in the study of modularity and domain-specificity, and some critical discussion of the overall problems of the modularity constraints approach to analyzing development.
Download or read book Communication written by Donald H. Owings and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-12-28 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ON THE FUTURE OF PERSPECTIVES When Patrick Bateson and Peter Klopfer offered me the editorship of Perspectives in 1992, the world of academic publishing was in one of its periodic upheavals. Subscriptions to series-even distinguished series such as Perspec tives-had been declining and individual volume prices had been rising, a trend that if continued could only result in the series pricing itself out of the market. In the course of the negotiations around the change of editors, the publishers offered a cost-cutting solution: change the production pattern to "camera ready" and elimi nate the costs of indexing and proofreading. While I could see the sense in this proposal, I was reluctant to accept it. Part of what I had always liked about the volumes in this series was that they were real books, intelligently proofread, nicely laid out, and provided with proper indexes. Thus, I in return offered a "Devil's bargain": the publisher should maintain the present quality of the series for two more volumes and make a renewed effort to advertise the series to our ethological and sociobiological colleagues, while I as the new series editor committed myself to a renewed effort to make Perspectives the publication of choice for writers who are trying to get their message out to the world intact and readers who are seeking clear, coherent, comprehensive and untrammeled presentations of authors' ideas and research programs.
Book Synopsis Constraints on Language: Aging, Grammar, and Memory by : Susan Kemper
Download or read book Constraints on Language: Aging, Grammar, and Memory written by Susan Kemper and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Susan Kemper A debate about the role of working memory in language processing has become center-most in psycholinguistics (Caplan & Waters, in press; Just & Carpenter, 1992; Just, Carpenter, & Keller, 1996; Waters & Caplan, 1996). This debate concerns which aspects of language processing are vulnerable to working memory limitations, how working memory is best measured, and whether compensatory processes can offset working memory limitations. Age-comparative studies are particularly relevant to this debate for several reasons: difficulties with language and communication are frequently mentioned by older adults and signal the onset of Alzheimer's dementia and other pathologies associated with age; older adults commonly experience working memory limitations that affect their ability to perform everyday activities; the rapid aging of the United States population has forced psychologists and gerontologists to examine the effects of aging on cognition, drawing many investigators to the study of cognitive aging. Older adults constitute ideal population for studying how working memory limitations affect cognitive performance, particularly language and communication. Age-comparative studies of cognitive processes have advanced our understanding of the temporal dynamics of cognition as well as the working memory demands of many types of tasks (Kliegl, Mayr, & Krampe, 1994; Mayr & Kliegl, 1993). The research findings reviewed in this volume have clear implications - for addressing the practical problems of older adults as consumers of leisure ti- reading, radio and television broadcasts, as targets of medical, legal, and financial documents, and as participants in a web of service agencies and volunteer activities.
Book Synopsis Discourse, Interaction and Communication by : Xabier Arrazola
Download or read book Discourse, Interaction and Communication written by Xabier Arrazola and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-02-28 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a small but representative sample of the main papers considered at the May 1995 colloquium, which focused on four themes: social action and cooperation, cognitive approaches in discourse processing, models of information in communication systems, and the scope and limits of cognitive simulation. Papers range from the extremely abstract to the extremely specific. Among the topics: contextual domains; formal semantics, geometry, and mind; collective goals and cooperation; a logical approach to reasoning about uncertainty; and building a collaborative interface agent. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Misunderstandings in ATC Communication by : Immanuel Barshi
Download or read book Misunderstandings in ATC Communication written by Immanuel Barshi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective radio communication between ATC and pilots has long been recognized as an important element of aviation safety. In recognition of the role miscommunications play in aviation incidents and accidents, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) recently introduced language proficiency requirements for all flight personnel in all ICAO member states. Using an effective and economical experimental paradigm, the research described here teases apart the complex combination of factors (e.g. speech rate, controller message length, English language proficiency, cognitive workload) believed to contribute to miscommunications between controllers and pilots. Misunderstandings in ATC Communication offers an in-depth report of a seminal study in aviation communication, which until now has only been available in the form of an unpublished dissertation. In addition, it offers a recent extension of that work, the authors’ reflections on the research process, and a thorough review of the aviation communication literature. Graduate students and researchers who wish to address real-world problems will appreciate the simple elegance of the experimental paradigm that has been used to address a wide range of theoretical and applied interdisciplinary research questions. The book will appeal to scholars in the fields of human factors, linguistics, cognitive psychology, applied linguistics and second-language education and assessment. It is also of direct relevance to government and industry decision-makers and operators as they strive to implement the ICAO requirements, and to improve aviation safety.
Book Synopsis Planning Strategic Interaction by : Charles R. Berger
Download or read book Planning Strategic Interaction written by Charles R. Berger and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an earlier era, the communication field was dominated by the study of mediated and unmediated message effects during which considerable research focused on the attitudinal and action consequences of exposure to messages. A more catholic purview of the communication process exists today. This more encompassing perspective does not deny the importance of studying message effects, but raises the additional question of how individuals generate messages in the first place. While the earlier era of communication research was dominated by studies that focused on attitude and behavior change as primary dependent variables, such variables as message comprehension have begun to emerge in this new era. The focus on communication and cognition has led, paradoxically, to a more intense focus on social interaction processes. The theory and research presented in this volume seeks to strike a balance between the internal workings of the individual cognitive system on the one hand and the outer world of social interaction on the other. Whether or not the theory and research stands the test of time, it is clear that complete cognitive accounts of social interaction cannot confine themselves to mere descriptions of the cognitive structures and processes that are responsible for message production and comprehension. Explicit links must be made between these cognitive structures and processes and the workings of social interaction. This work takes a modest step in that direction.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Science by : Susan F. Chipman
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Science written by Susan F. Chipman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Science emphasizes the research and theory most central to modern cognitive science: computational theories of complex human cognition. Additional facets of cognitive science are discussed in the handbook's introductory chapter.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309451051 Total Pages :153 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communicating Science Effectively by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communicating Science Effectively written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-03-08 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science and technology are embedded in virtually every aspect of modern life. As a result, people face an increasing need to integrate information from science with their personal values and other considerations as they make important life decisions about medical care, the safety of foods, what to do about climate change, and many other issues. Communicating science effectively, however, is a complex task and an acquired skill. Moreover, the approaches to communicating science that will be most effective for specific audiences and circumstances are not obvious. Fortunately, there is an expanding science base from diverse disciplines that can support science communicators in making these determinations. Communicating Science Effectively offers a research agenda for science communicators and researchers seeking to apply this research and fill gaps in knowledge about how to communicate effectively about science, focusing in particular on issues that are contentious in the public sphere. To inform this research agenda, this publication identifies important influences â€" psychological, economic, political, social, cultural, and media-related â€" on how science related to such issues is understood, perceived, and used.
Download or read book BLL written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cognition and Communication at Work by : Yrjo Engeström
Download or read book Cognition and Communication at Work written by Yrjo Engeström and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together contributions from researchers within various social science disciplines who seek to redefine the methods and topics that constitute the study of work. They investigate work activity in ways that do not reduce it to a 'psychology' of individual cognition nor to a 'sociology' of societal structures and communication. A key theme in the material is the relationship between theory and practice. This is not an abstract problem of interest merely to social scientists. Rather, it is discussed as an issue that working people address when they attempt to understand a task and communicate its demands. Mindful practices and communicative interaction are examined as situated issues at work in the reproduction of communities of practice in a variety of settings including: courts of law, computer software design, the piloting of airliners, the coordination of air traffic control, and traffic management in underground railway systems.
Book Synopsis Cognition in the Wild by : Edwin Hutchins
Download or read book Cognition in the Wild written by Edwin Hutchins and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996-08-26 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edwin Hutchins combines his background as an anthropologist and an open ocean racing sailor and navigator in this account of how anthropological methods can be combined with cognitive theory to produce a new reading of cognitive science. His theoretical insights are grounded in an extended analysis of ship navigation—its computational basis, its historical roots, its social organization, and the details of its implementation in actual practice aboard large ships. The result is an unusual interdisciplinary approach to cognition in culturally constituted activities outside the laboratory—"in the wild." Hutchins examines a set of phenomena that have fallen in the cracks between the established disciplines of psychology and anthropology, bringing to light a new set of relationships between culture and cognition. The standard view is that culture affects the cognition of individuals. Hutchins argues instead that cultural activity systems have cognitive properties of their own that are different from the cognitive properties of the individuals who participate in them. Each action for bringing a large naval vessel into port, for example, is informed by culture: the navigation team can be seen as a cognitive and computational system. Introducing Navy life and work on the bridge, Hutchins makes a clear distinction between the cognitive properties of an individual and the cognitive properties of a system. In striking contrast to the usual laboratory tasks of research in cognitive science, he applies the principal metaphor of cognitive science—cognition as computation (adopting David Marr's paradigm)—to the navigation task. After comparing modern Western navigation with the method practiced in Micronesia, Hutchins explores the computational and cognitive properties of systems that are larger than an individual. He then turns to an analysis of learning or change in the organization of cognitive systems at several scales. Hutchins's conclusion illustrates the costs of ignoring the cultural nature of cognition, pointing to the ways in which contemporary cognitive science can be transformed by new meanings and interpretations. A Bradford Book
Author :Philip R.van Loocke Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9783540576471 Total Pages :360 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (764 download)
Book Synopsis The Dynamics of Concepts by : Philip R.van Loocke
Download or read book The Dynamics of Concepts written by Philip R.van Loocke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994-01-28 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a model for concepts and their dynamics. A basic assumptionis that concepts are composed of specified components, which are representedby large binary patterns whose psychological meaning is governed by the interaction between conceptual modules and other functional modules. A recurrent connectionist model is developed in which some inputs are attracted faster than others by an attractor, where convergence times can beinterpreted as decision latencies. The learning rule proposed is extracted from psychological experiments. The rule has the property that that whena context becomes more familiar, the associations between the concepts of the context spontaneously evolve from loose associations to a more taxonomicorganization.
Book Synopsis Perceptual and Cognitive Development by : Rochel Gelman
Download or read book Perceptual and Cognitive Development written by Rochel Gelman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1996-06-17 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceptual and Cognitive Development illustrates how the developmental approach yields fundamental contributions to our understanding of perception and cognition as a whole. The book discusses how to relate developmental, comparative, and neurological considerations to early learning and development, and it presents fundamental problems in cognition and language, such as the acquisition of a coherent, organized, and shared understanding of concepts and language. Discussions of learning, memory, attention, and problem solving are embedded within specific accounts of the neurological status of developing minds and the nature of knowledge. Research advances and theoretical reorientations are updated in the Second Edition; the revision focuses more attention on the cognitive and biological sciences and neuroscience Illustrates how the developmental approach can yield fundamental contributions to our understanding of perception and cognition as a whole Discussions of learning, memory, and attention permeate individual chapters
