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Coal Energy Conversion Integrated With Deep Saline Aquifer Carbon Storage Via Combustion In Supercritical Water
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Book Synopsis Coal Energy Conversion Integrated with Deep Saline Aquifer Carbon Storage Via Combustion in Supercritical Water by : John Russell Heberle
Download or read book Coal Energy Conversion Integrated with Deep Saline Aquifer Carbon Storage Via Combustion in Supercritical Water written by John Russell Heberle and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies aim to allow the continued use of fossil fuels by outputting carbon in a form other than atmospheric CO2. Several types of geologic reservoirs are considered as alternatives; of these, deep saline aquifers have the largest potential storage capacity worldwide. Unfortunately, neat CO2 injected into an aquifer is less dense than the native brine. The resulting buoyancy presents a potential for leakage from the storage formation, and, ultimately, to the atmosphere. This work describes a method for using coal to produce electricity that creates a pre-equilibrated brine/CO2 solution for injection into a saline aquifer. Such solutions are more dense than the original brine, and present no potential for buoyancy-driven leakage. A concept is introduced in which coal is oxidized in high-pressure, high-temperature water drawn from a saline aquifer in a process known as supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). Combustion in supercritical water and subsequent aquifer storage of all coal-derived fluid effluent removes the need for CO2 separation and compression steps common in other coal-fired designs with CCS. The properties of supercritical water (T > 647 K, P > 221 bar) are described that make it a suitable combustion medium---in contrast to water at ambient conditions. A conceptual plant is developed that includes systems to manage brine and coal (a solid, complex fuel). The system uses a heat engine for work extraction from hot combustion products, and so may be called a supercritical water oxidation, indirectly-fired combined cycle, or SCWO/IFCC. Next, a thermodynamic model is developed to evaluate the performance of this plant and compare it to other coal-fired designs with CCS. Next, a laboratory-scale combustor, constructed to study flames in supercritical water, is described. This apparatus follows from previous supercritical water reactors that were built to study the destruction of hazardous wastes, but is targeted toward the development of a combustor suitable for use in a power plant. Challenges encountered operating systems that are simultaneously high-pressure and high-temperature are discussed, including the use of several types of metal seals. Autoignition results from initial combustion experiments are presented and compared to previous work.
Book Synopsis Coal Energy Conversion Integrated with Deep Saline Aquifer Carbon Storage Via Combustion in Supercritical Water by : John Russell Heberle
Download or read book Coal Energy Conversion Integrated with Deep Saline Aquifer Carbon Storage Via Combustion in Supercritical Water written by John Russell Heberle and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies aim to allow the continued use of fossil fuels by outputting carbon in a form other than atmospheric CO2. Several types of geologic reservoirs are considered as alternatives; of these, deep saline aquifers have the largest potential storage capacity worldwide. Unfortunately, neat CO2 injected into an aquifer is less dense than the native brine. The resulting buoyancy presents a potential for leakage from the storage formation, and, ultimately, to the atmosphere. This work describes a method for using coal to produce electricity that creates a pre-equilibrated brine/CO2 solution for injection into a saline aquifer. Such solutions are more dense than the original brine, and present no potential for buoyancy-driven leakage. A concept is introduced in which coal is oxidized in high-pressure, high-temperature water drawn from a saline aquifer in a process known as supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). Combustion in supercritical water and subsequent aquifer storage of all coal-derived fluid effluent removes the need for CO2 separation and compression steps common in other coal-fired designs with CCS. The properties of supercritical water (T> 647 K, P> 221 bar) are described that make it a suitable combustion medium--in contrast to water at ambient conditions. A conceptual plant is developed that includes systems to manage brine and coal (a solid, complex fuel). The system uses a heat engine for work extraction from hot combustion products, and so may be called a supercritical water oxidation, indirectly-fired combined cycle, or SCWO/IFCC. Next, a thermodynamic model is developed to evaluate the performance of this plant and compare it to other coal-fired designs with CCS. Next, a laboratory-scale combustor, constructed to study flames in supercritical water, is described. This apparatus follows from previous supercritical water reactors that were built to study the destruction of hazardous wastes, but is targeted toward the development of a combustor suitable for use in a power plant. Challenges encountered operating systems that are simultaneously high-pressure and high-temperature are discussed, including the use of several types of metal seals. Autoignition results from initial combustion experiments are presented and compared to previous work.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Zero Emission Power Generation from SCWO of Coal and Development of an Experimental Facility for Its Investigation by : Paul David Mobley
Download or read book Analysis of Zero Emission Power Generation from SCWO of Coal and Development of an Experimental Facility for Its Investigation written by Paul David Mobley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decarbonization of electricity production is vital for curbing the effects of emissions on global climate change. Most projected pathways toward meeting emissions targets include a large contribution from carbon capture and storage. Many capture technologies impose a large energy penalty to separate and compress carbon dioxide (CO2). Deep saline aquifers are the largest and most distributed reservoirs for CO2 sequestration. However, neat CO2 injected in an aquifer is buoyant compared to the aquifer brine and requires an impermeable seal to prevent it from escaping the aquifer. An alternative technology, recently proposed by Heberle and Edwards, burns coal in supercritical water pumped from a saline aquifer. The entire effluent stream is sequestered, capturing all carbon and non-mineral coal combustion products in the process. This stream is denser than the aquifer brine and therefore offers a higher level of storage security. Aquifers without suitable structural trapping could be opened up for storage as a result. This technology also increases energy security in the U.S., allowing for the use of its coal resources while avoiding atmospheric pollution. In this work, a complete architecture employing supercritical water combustion (SCWC) is proposed, including a liquid oxygen-pumped air separation unit and regenerator system that heats and desalinates the incoming brine. A thermodynamic model is used to calculate the overall thermal efficiency of the plant, including all separation and storage energy penalties. In addition, an exergy analysis determines the least efficient parts of the proposed system. The details and assumptions of the model are discussed. Insights from the model and these analyses elucidate how the proposed system may be operated as a zero-emission electricity source, and the technical challenges that must be addressed for deployment. In order to determine the operating characteristics of the supercritical water combustor, an experimental facility was developed. A test apparatus was designed to study turbulent, hydrothermal diffusion flames for use in a SCWC power plant. The lab-scale combustor operates at 250 bar, with up to a 50 kW fi ring rate and 1600 K burner outlet temperature. Initial combustion studies have provided autoignition temperature data of methanol in supercritical water.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Energy and Environment Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :96 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Prospects for Advanced Coal Technologies by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
Download or read book Prospects for Advanced Coal Technologies written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geological Carbon Storage by : Stéphanie Vialle
Download or read book Geological Carbon Storage written by Stéphanie Vialle and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological Carbon Storage Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity Seals and caprocks are an essential component of subsurface hydrogeological systems, guiding the movement and entrapment of hydrocarbon and other fluids. Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity offers a survey of the wealth of recent scientific work on caprock integrity with a focus on the geological controls of permanent and safe carbon dioxide storage, and the commercial deployment of geological carbon storage. Volume highlights include: Low-permeability rock characterization from the pore scale to the core scale Flow and transport properties of low-permeability rocks Fundamentals of fracture generation, self-healing, and permeability Coupled geochemical, transport and geomechanical processes in caprock Analysis of caprock behavior from natural analogues Geochemical and geophysical monitoring techniques of caprock failure and integrity Potential environmental impacts of carbon dioxide migration on groundwater resources Carbon dioxide leakage mitigation and remediation techniques Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity is an invaluable resource for geoscientists from academic and research institutions with interests in energy and environment-related problems, as well as professionals in the field.
Book Synopsis The Hydrogen Economy by : National Academy of Engineering
Download or read book The Hydrogen Economy written by National Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-09-05 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The announcement of a hydrogen fuel initiative in the President's 2003 State of the Union speech substantially increased interest in the potential for hydrogen to play a major role in the nation's long-term energy future. Prior to that event, DOE asked the National Research Council to examine key technical issues about the hydrogen economy to assist in the development of its hydrogen R&D program. Included in the assessment were the current state of technology; future cost estimates; CO2 emissions; distribution, storage, and end use considerations; and the DOE RD&D program. The report provides an assessment of hydrogen as a fuel in the nation's future energy economy and describes a number of important challenges that must be overcome if it is to make a major energy contribution. Topics covered include the hydrogen end-use technologies, transportation, hydrogen production technologies, and transition issues for hydrogen in vehicles.
Book Synopsis Geologic Carbon Sequestration by : V. Vishal
Download or read book Geologic Carbon Sequestration written by V. Vishal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exclusive compilation written by eminent experts from more than ten countries, outlines the processes and methods for geologic sequestration in different sinks. It discusses and highlights the details of individual storage types, including recent advances in the science and technology of carbon storage. The topic is of immense interest to geoscientists, reservoir engineers, environmentalists and researchers from the scientific and industrial communities working on the methodologies for carbon dioxide storage. Increasing concentrations of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are often held responsible for the rising temperature of the globe. Geologic sequestration prevents atmospheric release of the waste greenhouse gases by storing them underground for geologically significant periods of time. The book addresses the need for an understanding of carbon reservoir characteristics and behavior. Other book volumes on carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) attempt to cover the entire process of CCUS, but the topic of geologic sequestration is not discussed in detail. This book focuses on the recent trends and up-to-date information on different storage rock types, ranging from deep saline aquifers to coal to basaltic formations.
Book Synopsis Advances in Carbon Capture by : Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Download or read book Advances in Carbon Capture written by Mohammad Reza Rahimpour and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Carbon Capture reviews major implementations of CO2 capture, including absorption, adsorption, permeation and biological techniques. For each approach, key benefits and drawbacks of separation methods and technologies, perspectives on CO2 reuse and conversion, and pathways for future CO2 capture research are explored in depth. The work presents a comprehensive comparison of capture technologies. In addition, the alternatives for CO2 separation from various feeds are investigated based on process economics, flexibility, industrial aspects, purification level and environmental viewpoints. - Explores key CO2 separation and compare technologies in terms of provable advantages and limitations - Analyzes all critical CO2 capture methods in tandem with related technologies - Introduces a panorama of various applications of CO2 capture
Book Synopsis New Trends in Coal Conversion by : Isabel Suarez-Ruiz
Download or read book New Trends in Coal Conversion written by Isabel Suarez-Ruiz and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Trends in Coal Conversion: Combustion, Gasification, Emissions, and Coking covers the latest advancements in coal utilization, including coal conversion processes and mitigation of environmental impacts, providing an up-to-date source of information for a cleaner and more environmentally friendly use of coal, with a particular emphasis on the two biggest users of coal-utilities and the steel industry. Coverage includes recent advances in combustion co-firing, gasification, and on the minimization of trace element and CO2 emissions that is ideal for plant engineers, researchers, and quality control engineers in electric utilities and steelmaking. Other sections cover new advances in clean coal technologies for the steel industry, technological advances in conventional by-products, the heat-recovery/non-recovering cokemaking process, and the increasing use of low-quality coals in coking blends. Readers will learn how to make more effective use of coal resources, deliver higher productivity, save energy and reduce the environmental impact of their coal utilization.
Book Synopsis Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Combustion Process for In-situ Carbon Dioxide Capture - Operational Experience of Integrated 25-kWth Sub-pilot Scale Unit by : Hyung Rae Kim
Download or read book Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Combustion Process for In-situ Carbon Dioxide Capture - Operational Experience of Integrated 25-kWth Sub-pilot Scale Unit written by Hyung Rae Kim and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: At Ohio State University (OSU), the Coal-Direct Chemical Looping (CDCL) process using iron-based oxygen carriers has been developed as a coal conversion process for electric power generation with in-situ CO2 capture. The CDCL system cycles iron-based oxygen carriers between three reactors, i.e. reducer, combustor and riser, in order to convert the coal for electric power generation. The reducer reactor features a unique design of a gas-solid counter-current moving bed configuration to achieve the reduction of Fe2O3 particles to a mixture of Fe and FeO, while fully converting the coal into CO2 and steam. The CO2 stream from the reducer is sequestration-ready after the steam condensation. The combustor reactor is a fluidized bed that oxidizes the reduced particles back to Fe2O3 with air. The oxidation reaction of iron with air is a highly exothermic reaction and the heat can be recovered for electricity generation. Lastly, the oxidized iron particles in the combustor are pneumatically transported back to the reducer through the riser. The 25-kWth CDCL sub-pilot unit was successfully operated with metallurgical coke, lignite and sub-bituminous coal. The 25-kWth CDCL sub-pilot plant at OSU is the first integrated chemical looping demonstration unit for the direct conversion of solid fuels with a circulating moving bed system. Throughout a number of test runs of the sub-pilot unit, the total operation time has exceeded 430 hours to date. The longest continuous operation time was 200 hours with voluntary shut-down. Among these test runs, the results for two runs are reported in this Dissertation. Specifically, the tests with metallurgical coke and sub-bituminous coal resulted in 81% and 97% carbon conversions in the reducer with once-through, respectively. The units can be further optimized to yield a full carbon conversion in the reducer. Both tests yielded CO2 purity greater than 99% indicating the complete oxidation of volatile gases in the moving bed reducer. The gas analyses from the combustor outlet demonstrated a proper regeneration of oxygen carriers. Low CO2 concentration in the combustor confirmed no unconverted carbon transfer to the combustor and hence eliminated the need of an additional carbon separation device such as a carbon stripper. It was also confirmed the non-mechanical L-valve is practical in the application of CDCL process. Additionally, the emissions of sulfur and NOx were analyzed. The demonstration results from the sub-pilot system substantiate the process concept of the CDCL, which is capable of processing coal continuously with reactor in-situ CO2 capture and the cyclic usage of oxygen carriers.
Book Synopsis Coal Conversion Technology by : Subhash Dutta
Download or read book Coal Conversion Technology written by Subhash Dutta and published by Addison Wesley Publishing Company. This book was released on 1979 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Conversion from Coal Utilizing CPU-400 Technology by : Combustion Power Company
Download or read book Energy Conversion from Coal Utilizing CPU-400 Technology written by Combustion Power Company and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integration and Operation of Post-combustion Capture System on Coal-fired Power Generation: Load Following and Peak Power by : Robert David Brasington (S.M.)
Download or read book Integration and Operation of Post-combustion Capture System on Coal-fired Power Generation: Load Following and Peak Power written by Robert David Brasington (S.M.) and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal-fired power plants with post combustion capture and sequestration (CCS) systems have a variety of challenges to integrate the steam generation, air quality control, cooling water systems and steam turbine with the capture system. A variety of engineering studies have been completed that cover these aspects when a plant is operating at full load while operating at a 90 percent capture rate. These studies investigate the basic integration of the these systems, the energy penalty and the effect of capital costs; however, none of these studies comprehensively explore the ability of the capture plant and the balance of the integrated system to respond dynamically to changes in load or capture rate. These load changes occur due to a change in demand for electricity in the system, generation by variable, intermittent resources, or if the plant is equipped with the ability to store solvent to implement price arbitrage. The integrated carbon capture system can be broken down into three general modes: full capacity, load following and peak power generation. Each of these modes presents unique challenges to integration with the CCS system. The load following mode requires the ability to accommodate different ramp rates that are reflected in flue gas flow and composition. Operation at partial load will affect the quality of steam sent to the solvent regeneration unit. Depending on the setup of the steam turbine system, at lower loads multiple extractions points may be necessary or an increase of the amount of extraction steam will be required due to the reduction in steam quality. Using Aspen Dynamics, a CO2 capture system using a monoethanolamine (MEA) absorption process is simulated at various plant loads to determine the overall effects on the efficiency of the CCS unit and the balance of the system. In addition, the dynamic behavior of the CCS unit on power output and emissions is shown to demonstrate that the capability of a coal-fired power plant to load follow is not hindered by the addition of a carbon capture unit. The solvent storage mode can be further broken to two operation modes. The first is peak power production, which occurs when the solvent is capturing CO2 from the flue gas, but is minimizing or delaying regeneration to a future time through storage. This mode is used to take advantage of peak power prices by maximizing power output of the plant and maintaining a 90 percent capture rate. The regeneration mode entails the solvent being released from the storage tanks and sent to the reboiler column. Solvent storage has been shown in previous studies to have the ability to increase operating profits, but these studies have neglected to incorporate the capital costs associated with this type of operation mode and the operational issues and complexity associated with the large swings in quantities of steam required for the solvent regeneration. By including the capital costs, this study determines that a system with large duration solvent storage is not economically viable given the flexible demands of the system and current electricity price spreads. This thesis presents a framework for considering the flexible operations of a coal-fired power plant with an integrated carbon capture and sequestration system. By exploring the operational limitations of the integrated system and the economic costs, an evaluation is made of the viability of different CCS operational schemes. This study finds that the CCS unit can match the dynamics of the base coal plant and also increase the operational flexibility of the system. The increased capital expenditure to meet peak demand is viable for larger steam turbine configurations in electricity systems with high peak prices and plants with short duration solvent storage.
Book Synopsis Coal and Biomass Conversion Under Supercritical Water Conditions by : Bum Jick Kim
Download or read book Coal and Biomass Conversion Under Supercritical Water Conditions written by Bum Jick Kim and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal has been used as a resource for power generation for over a century. Due to its low cost and abundance, a large amount of coal and biomass is still being used to generate electricity throughout the world. Given that these solid fuels are here to stay for the foreseeable future, the problem of their environmental impact in terms of their emission of CO2 and harmful gas streams will remain unless solutions can be found. In this study, a feasible option to sequester CO2 and harmful gas streams has been investigated. Supercritical water is an attractive medium for power generation because of its special characteristics. Organic compounds extracted from coal and biomass hydrolyze, and they are completely miscible in supercritical water. In contrast, sulfur, chlorine and many trace elements in coal are oxidized and form insoluble salts in supercritical water, which precipitate and can be removed. The coal/biomass-to-electricity scheme proposed in this dissertation takes advantage of these characteristics of supercritical water in using it as a reaction medium. Coal/biomass devolatilization and char gasification models are introduced in the dissertation. Also provided are an analysis for coal gasification with water at various conditions and a description of the experimental facility to conduct experiments for pulverized coal and biomass conversion under supercritical water conditions (P> 218 atm and T> 647 K). The facility includes high-pressure water pumps, pulse-dampening accumulators, a water preheater, an oxygen booster, a supercritical water gasification reactor, and a reaction quenching cooler. This work presents the entire coal/biomass conversion system, built and assembled, which permits the acquisition of data needed to determine the rate coefficients for reactions that are suitable for supercritical water conditions. The focus of the facility is a flow reactor that can be pressurized to up to 340 atm at temperatures of up to 750 K. The continuous flow reactor is 15 meters long, sufficient for residence times of up to 15 minutes when the total mass flow rate (slurry plus supercritical water flow rates) is 20 grams/min. This work also presents the detailed operational procedures for coal/biomass conversion experiments under supercritical water conditions. In addition, the early operational runs for Wyodak coal conversion under 240-245 atm and 350-385°C and their results are discussed.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309484529 Total Pages :511 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.
Book Synopsis Coal Conversion Wastewater Treatment by Catalytic Oxidation in Supercritical Water by :
Download or read book Coal Conversion Wastewater Treatment by Catalytic Oxidation in Supercritical Water written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In previous reports, we showed that CARULITE 150 from Carus Chemical Company was so effective with oxidation of phenol in supercritical water (SCW) that the results we obtained were likely influenced by internal mass-transfer resistance. We also reported that oxidation of phenol over MnO2 powder in SCW improved the conversions of both phenol and total organic carbon (TOC) relative to non-catalytic oxidation while the catalytic oxidation kinetics was free from mass-transfer limitation. In this report we continued the investigation of oxidation over the MnO2 powder in SCW.
Download or read book Coal Conversion Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
