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Co2 In Seawater Equilibrium Kinetics Isotopes
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Book Synopsis CO2 in Seawater: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes by : R.E. Zeebe
Download or read book CO2 in Seawater: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes written by R.E. Zeebe and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2001-10-15 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Full text e-book available as part of the Elsevier ScienceDirect Earth and Planetary Sciences subject collection.
Book Synopsis Guide to Best Practices for Ocean Acidification Research and Data Reporting by :
Download or read book Guide to Best Practices for Ocean Acidification Research and Data Reporting written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Marine Carbon Biogeochemistry by : Jack J. Middelburg
Download or read book Marine Carbon Biogeochemistry written by Jack J. Middelburg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-25 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book discusses biogeochemical processes relevant to carbon and aims to provide readers, graduate students and researchers, with insight into the functioning of marine ecosystems. A carbon centric approach has been adopted, but other elements are included where relevant or needed. The book focuses on concepts and quantitative understanding of primary production, organic matter mineralization and sediment biogeochemistry. The impact of biogeochemical processes on inorganic carbon dynamics and organic matter transformation are also discussed.
Book Synopsis The Changing Carbon Cycle by : John R. Trabalka
Download or read book The Changing Carbon Cycle written by John R. Trabalka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Government, cognizant of its responsibilities to future generations, has been sponsoring research for nine years into the causes, effects, and potential impacts of increased concentrations of carbon dioxide (C0 ) in the atmosphere. Agencies such as the National Science Foun 2 dation, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) cooperatively spent about $100 million from FY 1978 through FY 1984 directly on the study of CO • The DOE, as the 2 lead government agency for coordinating the government' s research ef forts, has been responsible for about 60% of these research efforts. William James succinctly defined our purpose when he stated science must be based upon " ... irreducible and stubborn facts." Scientific knowledge can and will reduce the present significant uncertainty sur rounding our understanding of the causes, effects, and potential impacts of increasing atmospheric CO2• We have come far during the past seven years in resolving some underlyinig doubts and in narrowing the ranges of disagreement. Basic concepts have become less murky. Yet, much more must be accomplished; more irreducible and stubborn facts are needed to reduce the uncertainties so that we can improve our knowledge base. Uncertainty can never be reduced to zero. However, with a much improved knowledge base, we will be able to learn, under stand, and be in a position to make decisions.
Author :International Council of Scientific Unions. Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment Publisher :John Wiley & Sons ISBN 13 : Total Pages :418 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis Carbon Cycle Modelling by : International Council of Scientific Unions. Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment
Download or read book Carbon Cycle Modelling written by International Council of Scientific Unions. Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1981 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Introduction to the Chemistry of the Sea by : Michael E. Q. Pilson
Download or read book An Introduction to the Chemistry of the Sea written by Michael E. Q. Pilson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An engaging introduction to marine chemistry and the ocean's geochemical interactions with the solid earth and atmosphere, for students of oceanography.
Book Synopsis Isotopic Analysis by : Frank Vanhaecke
Download or read book Isotopic Analysis written by Frank Vanhaecke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by two very well-known and respected scientists in the field, this excellent practical guide is the first to cover the fundamentals and a wide range of applications, as well as showing readers how to efficiently use this increasingly important technique. From the contents: * The Isotopic Composition of the Elements * Single-Collector ICP-MS * Multi-Collector ICP-MS * Advances in Laser Ablation - Multi-Collector ICP-MS * Correction for Instrumental Mass Discrimination in Isotope Ratio Determination with Multi-Collector ICP-MS * Reference Materials in Isotopic Analysis * Quality Control in Isotope Ratio Applications * Determination of Trace Elements and Elemental Species Using Isotope Dilution ICP-MS * Geochronological Dating * Application of Multi-Collector ICP-MS to Isotopic Analysis in Cosmochemistry * Establishing the Basis for Using Stable Isotope Ratios of Metals as Paleoredox Proxies * Isotopes as Tracers of Elements Across the Geosphere-Biosphere Interface * Archaeometric Applications * Forensics Applications * Nuclear Applications * The Use of Stable Isotope Techniques for Studying Mineral and Trace Element Metabolism in Humans * Isotopic Analysis via Multi-Collector ICP-MS in Elemental Speciation A must-have for newcomers as well as established scientists seeking an overview of isotopic analysis via ICP-MS.
Book Synopsis Algorithms in Ocean Chemistry by : Daniele Mazza
Download or read book Algorithms in Ocean Chemistry written by Daniele Mazza and published by Youcanprint. This book was released on 2020-09-08 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quanto conosciamo dell'oceano, grande protagonista dell'evoluzione della vita e delle attuali caratteristiche climatiche del nostro pianeta? Pochi sanno della sua reattività chimica, della sua alcalinità, dei sottili meccanismi che stanno alla base dei tanti equilibri e disequilibri chimici al suo interno. Il libro cerca di gettare luce sulle basi chimiche di questi fenomeni e sulla loro risoluzione matematica attraverso algoritmi relativamente semplici, comprensibili e spiegati in modo elementare. Sulla base di questo, vengono discusse alcune simulazioni, ma non solo, il lettore è messo in grado di effettuarne altre, sulla base dei programmi allegati. Si potranno così avere risposte scientifiche sui vari quesiti climatologici, come l'assorbimento e l'emissione di CO2, la formazione di carbonato di calcio negli oceani e altri aspetti di interesse e di attualità.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments by : Vivien Gornitz
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments written by Vivien Gornitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-31 with total page 1062 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of Springer’s Major Reference Works, this book gives the reader a truly global perspective. It is the first major reference work in its field. Paleoclimate topics covered in the encyclopedia give the reader the capability to place the observations of recent global warming in the context of longer-term natural climate fluctuations. Significant elements of the encyclopedia include recent developments in paleoclimate modeling, paleo-ocean circulation, as well as the influence of geological processes and biological feedbacks on global climate change. The encyclopedia gives the reader an entry point into the literature on these and many other groundbreaking topics.
Download or read book Surface Ocean written by Corinne Le Quéré and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 187. The focus of Surface Ocean: Lower Atmosphere Processes is biogeochemical interactions between the surface ocean and the lower atmosphere. This volume is an outgrowth of the Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) Summer School. The volume is designed to provide graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and researchers from a wide range of academic backgrounds with a basis for understanding the nature of ocean-atmosphere interactions and the current research issues in this area. The volume highlights include the following: Background material on ocean and atmosphere structure, circulation, and chemistry and on marine ecosystems Integrative chapters on the global carbon cycle and ocean biogeochemistry Issue-oriented chapters on the iron cycle and dimethylsulfide Tool-oriented chapters on biogeochemical modeling and remote sensing A framework of underlying physical/chemical/biological principles, as well as perspectives on current research issues in the field. The readership for this book will include graduate students and/or advanced undergraduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and researchers in the fields of oceanography and atmospheric science. It will also be useful for experienced researchers in specific other disciplines who wish to broaden their perspectives on the complex biogeochemical coupling between ocean and atmosphere and the importance of this coupling to understanding global change.
Download or read book Treatise on Geochemistry written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 14787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!
Book Synopsis CO2 Hydration and Hydroxylation by : Jason Boettger
Download or read book CO2 Hydration and Hydroxylation written by Jason Boettger and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stable isotope ratios in carbonate minerals record the influence of several climatological and biogeochemical processes. This makes biogenic carbonates valuable inventories of climate proxy records, but also makes them challenging to interpret. Carbonate formation from carbon dioxide via the unequilibrated CO2 hydration and hydroxylation reactions is one process that may impact stable C, O and clumped C-O isotope ratios in carbonate minerals, particularly carbonate minerals formed by corals. This dissertation reports calculation of the isotopic influence of the CO2 hydration and hydroxylation reactions using computational chemistry models. Results are compared with observed isotopic trends in corals to determine whether these reactions are consistent with the observed vital effects in corals. Methodological considerations for the application of computational chemistry to the calculation of aqueous isotopic fractionation are reported.We analyzed several computational chemistry schemes for their ability to predict gas-phase isotope fractionation between CO2 and H2O. We also tested their ability to predict several other experimentally observable properties and whether success predicting each property correlated with success predicting isotope fractionation. Only successful prediction of harmonic vibrational frequencies correlated with successful prediction of isotopic fractionation; neither energies nor bond distances are good indications of a model chemistry useful in calculation of isotopic fractionation. B3LYP and X3LYP coupled with Pople triple-zeta basis sets were selected for application to fractionation in aqueous DIC species.Stable C and O isotope partitioning constants were calculated for both equilibrium fractionation between aqueous CO2 and H2CO3/HCO3- and for kinetic fractionation during the CO2 hydration and hydroxylation reactions. Predicted equilibrium fractionation agrees well with experimentally determined values. The CO2 hydration reaction is predicted to discriminate against both 13C and 18O by 10-11, while the CO2 hydroxylation reaction is predicted to discriminate against 13C by 13-16 and against 18O by 19-21. When calculating aqueous fractionation factors, it was necessary to analyze the H-bonding environment and interpolate to the expected H-bond environment experienced by each aqueous species, as individual H-bonds were found to have substantial effects on equilibrium and kinetic isotope fractionations, often of magnitude >1 and occasionally of magnitude >3 absolute deviation in predicted fractionation factor. H-bonds to hydroxyl groups from H2O always reduced the amount of 13C and 18O entering reaction products, while other H-bonds increased the amount of 13C and 18O entering reaction products when effects were statistically significant, except for H-bonds from attacking OH- during CO2 hydroxylation. Fractionation during CO2 hydration and hydroxylation is able to explain most but not all of the isotope disequilibrium observed in the skeletons of shallow-water corals.Isotope clumping between 13C and 18O was calculated during the CO2 hydration and hydroxylation reactions. When accounting for H-bond environment, hydration and hydroxylation increase clumping in product carbonates by 0.10 and 0.12 respectively. These results are consistent with the increased clumping observed in some shallow-water corals relative to other carbonates. All H-bonds are predicted to decrease the clumping in product carbonates except for H-bonds from water to an attacking OH- during CO2 hydroxylation. H-bond effects on clumping and single stable isotope fractionation are not consistent with a simple model of stiffer bonds favoring incorporation of both heavy isotopes and clumped isotopologues.Formation of transient carbonate precursor phases may also affect the isotopic composition of coral skeletons and other biogenic carbonates; however, isotopic compositions of these precursor phases are currently unknown. Synthesized amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) observed under XRD, FTIR, and Raman bears similar structural features with biogenic stable and transient ACC, depending on concentration of metasilicate stabilizer used. The isotopic composition of ACC is affected by Ca2+ and CO32- concentrations in a manner different than calcite. The isotopic composition of ACC is unlikely to explain the anomalous isotopic composition observed in coral calcification centers.
Book Synopsis Aquatic Chemistry Concepts, Second Edition by : James F. Pankow
Download or read book Aquatic Chemistry Concepts, Second Edition written by James F. Pankow and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-10-31 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquatic Chemistry Concepts, Second Edition, is a fully revised and updated textbook that fills the need for a comprehensive treatment of aquatic chemistry and covers the many complicated equations and principles of aquatic chemistry. It presents the established science of equilibrium water chemistry using the uniquely recognizable, step-by-step Pankow format, which allows a broad and deep understanding of aquatic chemistry. The text is appropriate for a wide audience, including undergraduate and graduate students, industry professionals, consultants, and regulators. Every professional using water chemistry will want this text within close reach, and students and professionals alike will expect to find at least one copy on their library shelves. Key Features Extremely thorough, one-of-a-kind treatment of aquatic chemistry which considers: a) chemical thermodynamics fundamentals; b) acid/base, titration, and buffer calculations; c) CO2 chemistry and alkalinity; d) complexation of metal ions by ligands and chelates; e) mineral solubility processes; f) redox chemistry, including the chemistry of chlorine (as in disinfection), oxygen, CO2 and methane, nitrogen, sulfur, iron, and lead, including the story of lead in the drinking water of Flint, Michigan; and g) electrical effects in aqueous solutions including the Debye-Hückel Law (and related equations for activity corrections), double layers, and colloid stability Discussions of how to carry out complex calculations regarding the chemistry of lakes, rivers, groundwater, and seawater Numerous example problems worked in complete detail Special foreword by Jerry L. Schnoor 'There’s a lot to like about a book on water chemistry that lays it out simply. Einstein said that everything should be as simple as it can be, but not simpler. Wise advice. And that is what James F. Pankow has accomplished in the second edition of his textbook, Aquatic Chemistry Concepts. It covers the “waterfront” of essential inorganic chemistry topics, and it supplies enough examples to lead the student toward problem solving.' -From the Foreword, Jerry L. Schnoor
Book Synopsis Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies by : A. M. El-Sherik
Download or read book Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies written by A. M. El-Sherik and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies: Production and Transmission delivers the most up-to-date and highly multidisciplinary reference available to identify emerging developments, fundamental mechanisms and the technologies necessary in one unified source. Starting with a brief explanation on corrosion management that also addresses today's most challenging issues for oil and gas production and transmission operations, the book dives into the latest advances in microbiology-influenced corrosion and other corrosion threats, such as stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen damage just to name a few. In addition, it covers testing and monitoring techniques, such as molecular microbiology and online monitoring for surface and subsurface facilities, mitigation tools, including coatings, nano-packaged biocides, modeling and prediction, cathodic protection and new steels and non-metallics. Rounding out with an extensive glossary and list of abbreviations, the book equips upstream and midstream corrosion professionals in the oil and gas industry with the most advanced collection of topics and solutions to responsibly help solve today's oil and gas corrosion challenges. - Covers the latest in corrosion mitigation techniques, such as corrosion inhibitors, biocides, non-metallics, coatings, and modeling and prediction - Solves knowledge gaps with the most current technology and discoveries on specific corrosion mechanisms, highlighting where future research and industry efforts should be concentrated - Achieves practical and balanced understanding with a full spectrum of subjects presented from multiple academic and world-renowned contributors in the industry
Book Synopsis The Cnidaria, Past, Present and Future by : Stefano Goffredo
Download or read book The Cnidaria, Past, Present and Future written by Stefano Goffredo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-07 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a broad panorama of the current status of research of invertebrate animals considered belonging to the phylum Cnidaria, such as hydra, jellyfish, sea anemone, and coral. In this book the Cnidarians are traced from the Earth’s primordial oceans, to their response to the warming and acidifying oceans. Due to the role of corals in the carbon and calcium cycles, various aspects of cnidarian calcification are discussed. The relation of the Cnidaria with Mankind is approached, in accordance with the Editors’ philosophy of bridging the artificial schism between science, arts and Humanities. Cnidarians' encounters with humans result in a broad spectrum of medical emergencies that are reviewed. The final section of the volume is devoted to the role of Hydra and Medusa in mythology and art.
Book Synopsis Marine Organic Matter: Biomarkers, Isotopes and DNA by : J. K. Volkman
Download or read book Marine Organic Matter: Biomarkers, Isotopes and DNA written by J. K. Volkman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-09 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans contain a great biodiversity of marine organisms. They include a rich variety of unusual genes and biochemistries and hence a diverse array of organic compounds ranging from colourful carotenoids and chlorophylls to lipids with structures ranging from the simple to the complex. This volume brings together ten chapters on the occurrence and identification of the lipid biomarkers and of pigments in marine waters. It describes how they can be used in conjunction with stable isotopes and molecular biology to ascertain the sources and fate of organic matter (both natural and pollutant) in the sea and underlying sediments. The authors are each experts in their field and the chapters provide both an overview of the state-of-the-art and knowledge gaps together with abundant detail to satisfy the needs of specialists and non-specialists alike.
Book Synopsis Boron Proxies in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology by : Bärbel Hönisch
Download or read book Boron Proxies in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology written by Bärbel Hönisch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-05-13 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions do not only warm our planet but also acidify our oceans. It is currently unclear to which degree Earth’s climate and marine life will be impacted by these changes but information from Earth history, particularly the geochemical signals of past environmental changes stored in the fossil remains of marine organisms, can help us predict possible future changes. This book aims to be a primer for scientists who seek to apply boron proxies in marine carbonates to estimate past seawater carbonate chemistry and atmospheric pCO2. Boron proxies (δ11B and B/Ca) were introduced nearly three decades ago, with subsequent strides being made in understanding their mechanistic functioning. This text reviews current knowledge about the aqueous systematics, the inorganic and biological controls on boron isotope fractionation and incorporation into marine carbonates, as well as the analytical techniques for measurement of boron proxies. Laboratory and field calibrations of the boron proxies are summarized, and similarities between modern calibrations are explored to suggest estimates for proxy sensitivities in marine calcifiers that are now extinct. Example applications illustrate the potential for reconstructing paleo-atmospheric pCO2 from boron isotopes. Also explored are the sensitivity of paleo-ocean acidity and pCO2 reconstructions to boron isotope proxy systematics that are currently less well understood, including the elemental and boron isotopic composition of seawater through time, seawater alkalinity, temperature and salinity, and their collective impact on the uncertainty of paleo-reconstructions. The B/Ca proxy is based on the same mechanistic principles as the boron isotope proxy, but empirical calibrations suggest seawater pH is not the only controlling factor. B/Ca therefore has the potential to provide a second carbonate parameter that could be paired with δ11B to fully constrain the ocean carbonate system, but the associated uncertainties are large. This text reviews and examines what is currently known about the B/Ca proxy systematics. As more scientists embark on characterizing past ocean acidity and atmospheric pCO2, Boron in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology provides a resource to introduce geoscientists to the opportunities and complications of boron proxies, including potential avenues to further refine them.
