Clinical Aspects Of Brain Function Augmentation

Download Clinical Aspects Of Brain Function Augmentation full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Clinical Aspects Of Brain Function Augmentation ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Modern Approaches to Augmentation of Brain Function

Author : Ioan Opris
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030545644
Total Pages : 747 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Modern Approaches to Augmentation of Brain Function by : Ioan Opris

Download or read book Modern Approaches to Augmentation of Brain Function written by Ioan Opris and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 747 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers recent advances in neural technology that provide for enhancements for brain function. It addresses a broad range of neural phenomena occurring in the brain circuits involved in perception, cognition, emotion and action, that represent the building blocks of behavior and cognition. Augmentation of brain function can be achieved by using brain implants for recordings, stimulation, or drug delivery. Alternative methods include employing brain-machine interfaces, as well as noninvasive activation of certain brain areas. This volume evaluates existing methods of brain augmentation while discussing the brain circuitry and neuronal mechanisms that make augmentation possible. This volume offers novel insights into brain disorders, and explores new devices for brain repair while also addressing the philosophical and ethical implications of brain augmentation. The information in this book is relevant to researchers in the fields of neuroscience, engineering, and clinical practice. Advance Praise for Modern Approaches to Augmentation of Brain Function: “This impressive book by leading experts in neuroscience and neuroengineering lays out the future of brain augmentation, in which the human mind and machine merge, leading to a rapid exponential growth of the power of humanity.” Ray Kurzweil, best-selling author, inventor, entrepreneur and a recipient of the National Medal of Technology and Innovation (1999), and the Lemelson-MIT Prize (2001) "This book employs a holistic approach in covering the recent advances in the fields of neuroscience, neuroinformatics, neurotechnology and neuro-psycho-pharmacology. Each chapter of the book covers major aspects of modern brain research in connection with the human mind and behavior, and is authored by researchers with unique expertise in their field. " Ioan Dumitrache, Prof. Dr. Eng. Faculty of Computer Science, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania “This book presents compelling perspectives on what interactive neuroscience will look like in the future, delving into the innovatory ideas of a diverse set of neuroscientists, and speculating on the different ways computer chips implanted in the brains of humans can effect intelligence and communication.” György Buzsáki, MD, PhD is the Biggs Professor of Neuroscience, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY

Discovering the Brain

Author : National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309045290
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Discovering the Brain by : National Academy of Sciences

Download or read book Discovering the Brain written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."

The microbial ferrous wheel: iron cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments

Author : David Emerson
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 2889190749
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The microbial ferrous wheel: iron cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments by : David Emerson

Download or read book The microbial ferrous wheel: iron cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments written by David Emerson and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past 15 years, there has been steady growth in work relating to the microbial iron cycle. It is now well established that in anaerobic environments coupling of organic matter utilization to Fe reduction is a major pathway for anaerobic respiration. In iron-rich circumneutral environments that exist at oxic-anoxic boundaries, significant progress has been made in demonstrating that unique groups of microbes can grow either aerobically or anaerobically using Fe as a primary energy source. Likewise, in high iron acidic environments, progress has been made in the study of communities of microbes that oxidize iron, and in understanding the details of how certain of these organisms gain energy from Fe-oxidation. On the iron scarcity side, it is now appreciated that in large areas of the open ocean Fe is a key limiting nutrient; thus, a great deal of research is going into understanding the strategies microbial cells, principally phytoplankton, use to acquire iron, and how the iron cycle may impact other nutrient cycles. Finally, due to its abundance, iron has played an important role in the evolution of Earth’s primary biogeochemical cycles through time. The aim of this Research Topic is to gather contributions from scientists working in diverse disciplines who have common interests in iron cycling at the process level, and at the organismal level, both from the perspective of Fe as an energy source, or as a limiting nutrient for primary productivity in the ocean. The range of disciplines may include: geomicrobiologists, microbial ecologists, microbial physiologists, biological oceanographers, and biogeochemists. Articles can be original research, techniques, reviews, or synthesis papers. An overarching goal is to demonstrate the environmental breadth of the iron cycle, and foster understanding between different scientific communities who may not always be aware of one another’s work.

Augmentation of Brain Function: Facts, Fiction and Controversy

Author : Mikhail Lebedev
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889456145
Total Pages : 666 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Augmentation of Brain Function: Facts, Fiction and Controversy by : Mikhail Lebedev

Download or read book Augmentation of Brain Function: Facts, Fiction and Controversy written by Mikhail Lebedev and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-09-14 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume I, entitled “Augmentation of Brain Functions: Brain-Machine Interfaces”, is a collection of articles on neuroprosthetic technologies that utilize brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). BMIs strive to augment the brain by linking neural activity, recorded invasively or noninvasively, to external devices, such as arm prostheses, exoskeletons that enable bipedal walking, means of communication and technologies that augment attention. In addition to many practical applications, BMIs provide useful research tools for basic science. Several articles cover challenges and controversies in this rapidly developing field, such as ways to improve information transfer rate. BMIs can be applied to the awake state of the brain and to the sleep state, as well. BMIs can augment action planning and decision making. Importantly, BMI operations evoke brain plasticity, which can have long-lasting effects. Advanced neural decoding algorithms that utilize optimal feedback controllers are key to the BMI performance. BMI approach can be combined with the other augmentation methods; such systems are called hybrid BMIs. Overall, it appears that BMI will lead to many powerful and practical brain-augmenting technologies in the future.

Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury

Author : Daniel Laskowitz
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498766579
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury by : Daniel Laskowitz

Download or read book Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme

Brain Neurotrauma

Author : Firas H. Kobeissy
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466565993
Total Pages : 718 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Brain Neurotrauma by : Firas H. Kobeissy

Download or read book Brain Neurotrauma written by Firas H. Kobeissy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-02-25 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.

Indwelling Neural Implants

Author : William M. Reichert
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420009303
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Indwelling Neural Implants by : William M. Reichert

Download or read book Indwelling Neural Implants written by William M. Reichert and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-12-17 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite enormous advances made in the development of external effector prosthetics over the last quarter century, significant questions remain, especially those concerning signal degradation that occurs with chronically implanted neuroelectrodes. Offering contributions from pioneering researchers in neuroprosthetics and tissue repair, Indwel

Surgery for Parkinson's Disease

Author : Robert R. Goodman
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783319236926
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (369 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Surgery for Parkinson's Disease by : Robert R. Goodman

Download or read book Surgery for Parkinson's Disease written by Robert R. Goodman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease was introduced in the 1990s. Initially performed only at academic centers, over the past decade it has become a widespread surgical procedure. A variety of surgical techniques are employed and innovations are introduced frequently. This book is an ideal source of information for the many practicing neurosurgeons who did not learn this surgery during their training but would now like to add it to their practice, as well as an excellent update on exciting new developments in surgery for Parkinson’s disease. This book is designed to provide practicing neurosurgeons with current knowledge on the practical aspects of surgical treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease. It explains how to identify surgical candidates and determine the optimal surgery, describes the various surgical techniques that are currently employed, and offers insights into how to optimize deep brain stimulation therapy after implantation. The keys to avoidance of surgical complications are carefully elucidated. In addition, an overview is provided of potential advances on the near-term horizon, including closed-loop deep brain stimulation, gene therapy, and optogenetics. All topics are covered by experienced Parkinson’s disease surgeons, in a concise and digestable format. The book will be an ideal source of information for the many practicing neurosurgeons who would like to add deep brain stimulation to their practice, as well as an excellent update on new developments in surgery for Parkinson’s disease.

Multiple Sclerosis

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309072859
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Multiple Sclerosis by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Multiple Sclerosis written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-08-10 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and often disabling disease of the nervous system, affecting about 1 million people worldwide. Even though it has been known for over a hundred years, no cause or cure has yet been discovered-but now there is hope. New therapies have been shown to slow the disease progress in some patients, and the pace of discoveries about the cellular machinery of the brain and spinal cord has accelerated. This book presents a comprehensive overview of multiple sclerosis today, as researchers seek to understand its processes, develop therapies that will slow or halt the disease and perhaps repair damage, offer relief for specific symptoms, and improve the abilities of MS patients to function in their daily lives. The panel reviews existing knowledge and identifies key research questions, focusing on: Research strategies that have the greatest potential to understand the biological mechanisms of recovery and to translate findings into specific strategies for therapy. How people adapt to MS and the research needed to improve the lives of people with MS. Management of disease symptoms (cognitive impairment, depression, spasticity, vision problems, and others). The committee also discusses ways to build and financially support the MS research enterprise, including a look at challenges inherent in designing clinical trials. This book will be important to MS researchers, research funders, health care advocates for MS research and treatment, and interested patients and their families.

Cognitive Enhancement

Author : Elisabeth Hildt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400762534
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cognitive Enhancement by : Elisabeth Hildt

Download or read book Cognitive Enhancement written by Elisabeth Hildt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-08 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive enhancement is the use of drugs, biotechnological strategies or other means by healthy individuals aiming at the improvement of cognitive functions such as vigilance, concentration or memory without any medical need. In particular, the use of pharmacological substances (caffeine, prescription drugs or illicit drugs) has received considerable attention during the last few years. Currently, however, little is known concerning the use of cognitive enhancers, their effects in healthy individuals and the place and function of cognitive enhancement in everyday life. The purpose of the book is to give an overview of the current research on cognitive enhancement and to provide in-depth insights into the interdisciplinary debate on cognitive enhancement.

Augmentation of Brain Function: Facts, Fiction and Controversy

Author : Ioan Opris
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889456153
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Augmentation of Brain Function: Facts, Fiction and Controversy by : Ioan Opris

Download or read book Augmentation of Brain Function: Facts, Fiction and Controversy written by Ioan Opris and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-09-14 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Volume II is entitled “Neurostimulation and pharmacological approaches”. This volume describes augmentation approaches, where improvements in brain functions are achieved by modulation of brain circuits with electrical or optical stimulation, or pharmacological agents. Activation of brain circuits with electrical currents is a conventional approach that includes such methods as (i) intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), (ii) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and (iii) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). tDCS and TMS are often regarded as noninvasive methods. Yet, they may induce long-lasting plastic changes in the brain. This is why some authors consider the term “noninvasive” misleading when used to describe these and other techniques, such as stimulation with transcranial lasers. The volume further discusses the potential of neurostimulation as a research tool in the studies of perception, cognition and behavior. Additionally, a notion is expressed that brain augmentation with stimulation cannot be described as a net zero sum proposition, where brain resources are reallocated in such a way that gains in one function are balanced by costs elsewhere. In recent years, optogenetic methods have received an increased attention, and several articles in Volume II cover different aspects of this technique. While new optogenetic methods are being developed, the classical electrical stimulation has already been utilized in many clinically relevant applications, like the vestibular implant and tactile neuroprosthesis that utilizes ICMS. As a peculiar usage of neurostimulation and pharmacological methods, Volume II includes several articles on augmented memory. Memory prostheses are a popular recent development in the stimulation-based BMIs. For example, in a hippocampal memory prosthesis, memory content is extracted from hippocampal activity using a multiple-input, multiple-output non-linear dynamical model. As to the pharmacological approaches to augmenting memory and cognition, the pros and cons of using nootropic drugs are discussed.

The Inferior Colliculus

Author : Jeffery A. Winer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387270833
Total Pages : 720 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Inferior Colliculus by : Jeffery A. Winer

Download or read book The Inferior Colliculus written by Jeffery A. Winer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-05 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Connecting the auditory brain stem to sensory, motor, and limbic systems, the inferior colliculus is a critical midbrain station for auditory processing. Winer and Schreiner's The Inferior Colliculus, a critical, comprehensive reference, presents the current knowledge of the inferior colliculus from a variety of perspectives, including anatomical, physiological, developmental, neurochemical, biophysical, neuroethological and clinical vantage points. Written by leading researchers in the field, the book is an ideal introduction to the inferior colliculus and central auditory processing for clinicians, otolaryngologists, graduate and postgraduate research workers in the auditory and other sensory-motor systems.

Cognitive Enhancement

Author : Shira Knafo
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124171257
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (241 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cognitive Enhancement by : Shira Knafo

Download or read book Cognitive Enhancement written by Shira Knafo and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-12-20 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive Enhancement: Pharmacologic, Environmental and Genetic Factors addresses the gap that exists in research on the topic, gathering multidisciplinary knowledge and tools that help the reader understand the basics of cognitive enhancement. It also provides assistance in designing procedures and pharmacological approaches to further the use of novel cognitive enhancers, a field that offers potential benefit to a variety of populations, including those with neurologic and psychiatric disorders, mild aging-related cognitive impairment, and those who want to improve intellectual performance. The text builds on our knowledge of the molecular/cellular basis of cognitive function, offering the technological developments that may soon enhance cognition. Separate sections cover enhancement drugs, environmental conditions, and genetic factors in terms of both human and animal studies, including both healthy/young and aging/diseased individuals. - Provides a multidisciplinary knowledge, enabling a further understanding of cognitive enhancement - Offers coverage of the pharmacologic, environmental, and genetic factors relevant to the topic - Discusses cognitive enhancement from the perspective of both healthy and diseased or aging populations - Topics are discussed in terms of both human and animal studies

Neuroimaging of Pain

Author : Luca Saba
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319480464
Total Pages : 509 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Neuroimaging of Pain by : Luca Saba

Download or read book Neuroimaging of Pain written by Luca Saba and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-08 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by world renowned scientists, this book expertly reviews all the imaging techniques and exciting new methods for the analysis of the pain, including novel tracers, biomarker, metabolomic and gene-array profiling, together with cellular, genetic, and molecular approaches. Recent advances in human brain imaging techniques have allowed a better understand of the functional connectivity in pain pathways, as well as the functional and anatomical alterations that occur in chronic pain patients. Modern imaging techniques have permitted rapid progress in the understanding of networks in the brain related to pain processing and those related to different types of pain modulation. Neuroimaging of Pain is designed to be a valuable resource for radiologists, neuroradiologists, neurologists and neuroscientists, working in hospitals and universities from junior trainees to consultants.

The Physics of the Mind and Brain Disorders

Author : Ioan Opris
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319296744
Total Pages : 782 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Physics of the Mind and Brain Disorders by : Ioan Opris

Download or read book The Physics of the Mind and Brain Disorders written by Ioan Opris and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers recent advances in the understanding of brain structure, function and disorders based on the fundamental principles of physics. It covers a broad range of physical phenomena occurring in the brain circuits for perception, cognition, emotion and action, representing the building blocks of the mind. It provides novel insights into the devastating brain disorders of the mind such as schizophrenia, dementia, autism, aging or addictions, as well as into the new devices for brain repair. The book is aimed at basic researchers in the fields of neuroscience, physics, biophysics and clinicians in the fields of neurology, neurosurgery, psychology, psychiatry.

Clinical Recovery from CNS Damage

Author : Hiroaki Naritomi
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3318023086
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Clinical Recovery from CNS Damage by : Hiroaki Naritomi

Download or read book Clinical Recovery from CNS Damage written by Hiroaki Naritomi and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compilation of innovative findings and new directions in neurological recovery After decades of focusing on how to alleviate and prevent recurrence of acute CNS injuries, the emphasis has finally shifted towards repairing such devastating events and rehabilitation. This development has been made possible by substantial progress in understanding the scientific underpinnings of recovery as well as by novel diagnostic tools, and most importantly, by emerging therapies awaiting clinical trials. In this publication, several international experts introduce novel areas of neurological reorganization and repair following CNS damage. Principles and methods to monitor and augment neuroplasticity are explored in depth and supplemented by a critical appraisal of neurological repair mechanisms and possibilities to curtail disability using computer or robotic interfaces. Rather than providing a textbook approach of CNS restoration, the editors selected topics where progress is most imminent in this labyrinthine domain of medicine. Moreover, the varied background and origins of the contributors lend this book a truly global perspective on the current state of affairs in neurological recovery.

Handbook of Neuroengineering

Author : Nitish V. Thakor
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811655405
Total Pages : 3686 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Neuroengineering by : Nitish V. Thakor

Download or read book Handbook of Neuroengineering written by Nitish V. Thakor and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-02 with total page 3686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook serves as an authoritative reference book in the field of Neuroengineering. Neuroengineering is a very exciting field that is rapidly getting established as core subject matter for research and education. The Neuroengineering field has also produced an impressive array of industry products and clinical applications. It also serves as a reference book for graduate students, research scholars and teachers. Selected sections or a compendium of chapters may be used as “reference book” for a one or two semester graduate course in Biomedical Engineering. Some academicians will construct a “textbook” out of selected sections or chapters. The Handbook is also meant as a state-of-the-art volume for researchers. Due to its comprehensive coverage, researchers in one field covered by a certain section of the Handbook would find other sections valuable sources of cross-reference for information and fertilization of interdisciplinary ideas. Industry researchers as well as clinicians using neurotechnologies will find the Handbook a single source for foundation and state-of-the-art applications in the field of Neuroengineering. Regulatory agencies, entrepreneurs, investors and legal experts can use the Handbook as a reference for their professional work as well.