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Climate Growth Relationships Of Western Juniper And Ponderosa Pine At The Pine Woodland Ecotone In Southern Oregon
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Book Synopsis Climate-growth Relationships of Western Juniper and Ponderosa Pine at the Pine-woodland Ecotone in Southern Oregon by : Kevin C. Knutson
Download or read book Climate-growth Relationships of Western Juniper and Ponderosa Pine at the Pine-woodland Ecotone in Southern Oregon written by Kevin C. Knutson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pinyon-juniper woodlands throughout the western U.S. have expanded rapidly following European settlement during the late 19th century. In central and eastern Oregon, western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis var. occidentalis Hook.) encroachment has been previously documented in the sagebrush steppe and upper elevation aspen communities. While these vegetation changes and dynamics have been extensively studied, the ability to accurately predict future effects on vegetation structure in response to climatic effects requires the identification of climatic factors that most directly regulate growth across variations in spatial features, particularly when future climate change is likely. I sought to address this problem at the pine-woodland ecotone using tree-ring data for western juniper and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. Ex Loud.) from the Fremont National Forest of central Oregon. Site and soil-derived growth chronologies for the period 1950 to 2000 were developed for both species using standard dendrochronological techniques at 17 sites within the Fremont National Forest stratified by elevation (1584 and 1865 meters). Analysis of the climatic relationship with site and soil-derived chronologies using correlation and linear regression revealed that, similar to previous studies in Oregon, radial growth in both species is highly dependent on winter-spring precipitation events that recharge growing-season soil water. Ordinations of site- and soil-derived chronology principal components (PCA) scores for both species identified distinct gradients in growth patterns related to elevation, slope, and soil infiltration class. Low elevation sites had reduced growth in the nine driest years during 1950-2000 compared to high elevation sites. Slope was also positively associated with the ratio of standardized growth in wet years to dry years (W:D), a measure of climate sensitivity. Tree growth of both species on coarse-textured soils with rapid infiltration rates was more climate-sensitive (higher values of W:D) and was also reduced during drought years when compared to other infiltration classes. These findings suggest potentially significant variation in growth responses to future climate changes across distinct local features at the pine-woodland ecotone. Juniper and pine radial growth at sites that feature poor water-holding capacities (i.e., low elevation, steep slopes, and coarse-textured soils) can be expected to be most sensitive to future drought and climate fluctuations in southern Oregon.
Book Synopsis Canadian Journal of Forest Research by :
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Forest Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecology, Management, and Restoration of Piñon-juniper and Ponderosa Pine Ecosystems by : Gerald J. Gottfried
Download or read book Ecology, Management, and Restoration of Piñon-juniper and Ponderosa Pine Ecosystems written by Gerald J. Gottfried and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Southwestern piñon-juniper and juniper woodlands cover large areas of Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and adjacent Colorado. Ponderosa pine forests are the most common timberland in the Southwest. All three ecosystems provide a variety of natural resources and economic benefits to the region. There are different perceptions of desired conditions. Public and private land managers have adapted research results and their observations and experiences to manage these ecosystems for multiresource benefits. Ways to mitigate the threat of wildfires is a major management issue for these ecosystems, and the wide-spread piñon mortality related to drought and the bark beetle infestation has heightened concerns among managers and the general public. In addition, the impacts of climate change on these ecosystems are a growing concern. As a step in bringing research and management together to answer some of these questions, workshops concerned with the ecology, management, and restoration of piñon-juniper and ponderosa pine ecosystems were held in St. George, Utah in 2005 and in Albuquerque, New Mexico in 2006. The combined proceedings from these two workshops contain papers, extended abstracts, and abstracts based on oral and poster presentations. Some topics included forest and woodland restoration treatments and their impacts on fuels, wildlife, and other ecosystem components, watershed management, insect infestations and drought, wood utilization, landscape changes, basic ecology, and more.
Book Synopsis Western Juniper in Eastern Oregon by :
Download or read book Western Juniper in Eastern Oregon written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Growth and Mortality of Ponderosa Pine Poles Thinned to Various Densities in the Blue Mountains of Oregon by : P. H. Cochran
Download or read book Growth and Mortality of Ponderosa Pine Poles Thinned to Various Densities in the Blue Mountains of Oregon written by P. H. Cochran and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Response of Individual Ponderosa Pine Trees to Fertilization by : P. H. Cochran
Download or read book Response of Individual Ponderosa Pine Trees to Fertilization written by P. H. Cochran and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Western Juniper Removal on Ponderosa Pine and Associated Understory Vegetation by : Jeffrey A. Rose
Download or read book Effect of Western Juniper Removal on Ponderosa Pine and Associated Understory Vegetation written by Jeffrey A. Rose and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research assessed the effect of western juniper (Junlperus occldentalls) removal on understory plant production and cover and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) growth and plant water status. A complete randomized block design, with four blocks and four treatments was established in the summer of 1984 near Prineville, Oregon. The four treatments were: Control - all trees left at original densities, Pine Thinned - ponderosa pine was thinned to 5 m x 5 m spacing, Juniper Removed - all western juniper were removed, and Pine Thinned/Juniper Removed - ponderosa pine was thinned to 5 m x 5 m spacing and all western juniper were removed. Understory plant production was obtained one year after tree removal, and cover two years after tree removal, to determine response to treatment. Plants were separated into species or groups in the field, then dried and weighed. Dominant grasses on the sites were, bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spleaturn), Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis), bottlebrush squirreltail (Sitanion hystrex), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa sandbergii), and cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). Mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia trldentata ssp. vayseyana) and Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis) were the principal shrub species. Perennial grasses, total shrub, and total production and cover showed a significant response to western juniper removal. Wyoming big sagebrush, mountain big sagebrush and forbs showed no response to western juniper removal. Thinning ponderosa pine appeared to reduce production and cover of most groups. Ponderosa pine basal area and height growth were examined for response to tree removal. Basal area growth was determined by measuring diameter at breast height (1.4 m) immediately after, one year after and two years after tree removal. Height growth was sampled in a similar manner using a metal tape on trees under 2 m and a Relaskop on trees over 2 meters. Response of ponderosa pine was similar to the understory vegetation. In both years growth of ponderosa pine was greater in treatments where western juniper was removed, although only the height response was significant. Small trees, under 5 cm in diameter, had significantly greater percent growth than the other trees. Predawn needle xylem pressure potential and soil moisture were also observed. Measurements were taken five times at three week intervals throughout the summer using a pressure chamber. In general early season predawn xylem pressure potentials of ponderosa pine in treatments with western juniper appeared higher than pine in treatments with western juniper removed. This trend reversed midway through July. Soil moisture was sampled gravimetrically on the same date as the pressure chamber measurements. Soil moisture response was similar to predawn xylem pressure potential response. Treatments with western juniper present started the season with higher soil moisture, but fell below the treatments without western juniper later.
Book Synopsis Development of Ponderosa Pine Progeny in Western Montana by : Raymond C. Shearer
Download or read book Development of Ponderosa Pine Progeny in Western Montana written by Raymond C. Shearer and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Some Causes of Natural Tree Mortality in Old-growth Ponderosa Pine Stands in Western Montana by : Philip Cornwell Johnson
Download or read book Some Causes of Natural Tree Mortality in Old-growth Ponderosa Pine Stands in Western Montana written by Philip Cornwell Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Silviculture of Ponderosa Pine in the Pacific Northwest by : James Willis Barrett
Download or read book Silviculture of Ponderosa Pine in the Pacific Northwest written by James Willis Barrett and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Twenty-year Growth of Ponderosa Pine Saplings Thinned to Five Spacings in Central Oregon by : James Willis Barrett
Download or read book Twenty-year Growth of Ponderosa Pine Saplings Thinned to Five Spacings in Central Oregon written by James Willis Barrett and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Biogeochemical Cycles in the Climate System by : Ernst-Detlef Schulze
Download or read book Global Biogeochemical Cycles in the Climate System written by Ernst-Detlef Schulze and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-08-10 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interactions of biogeochemical cycles influence and maintain our climate system. Land use and fossil fuel emissions are currently impacting the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur on land, in the atmosphere, and in the oceans.This edited volume brings together 27 scholarly contributions on the state of our knowledge of earth system interactions among the oceans, land, and atmosphere. A unique feature of this treatment is the focus on the paleoclimatic and paleobiotic context for investigating these complex interrelationships.* Eight-page colour insert to highlight the latest research* A unique feature of this treatment is the focus on the paleoclimatic context for investigating these complex interrelationships.
Book Synopsis Growth of Ponderosa Pine Thinned to Different Stocking Levels in Central Oregon by : P. H. Cochran
Download or read book Growth of Ponderosa Pine Thinned to Different Stocking Levels in Central Oregon written by P. H. Cochran and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thirty-year Growth and Yield of a Ponderosa Pine Plantation in Arizona by : L. J. Heidmann
Download or read book Thirty-year Growth and Yield of a Ponderosa Pine Plantation in Arizona written by L. J. Heidmann and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Competing Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Plantations by : Philip M. McDonald
Download or read book Competing Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Plantations written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planted ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) seedlings in young plantations in California are at a disadvantage compared with competing shrubs, forbs, and grasses. In many instances, roots of competing plants begin expanding and exploiting the soil earlier and in greater numbers, thereby capturing the majority of available resources and lowering pine survival and growth. Competition thresholds or "how much is too much?" are: for treatments where a cleared radius is prescribed, no weeds are acceptable within the space needed for maximum growth of pine seedlings during the establishment period; for treatments involving the entire area, crown cover values of 10 to 30 percent seem to be the level beyond which shrub competition significantly affects pine growth. Methods for preparing the site, which include mechanical and chemical methods, use of fire, and combinations of treatments, show the interaction of site and ensuing vegetation. Techniques for controlling competing vegetation from seed include preventing such plants from getting started by use of preemergent herbicides or mats (collars). To prevent sprouting, hardwood trees and large shrubs can be pushed over, thereby getting the root crown out of the ground, or if still in the soil, grinding it out with a machine. Once present, the effect of weeds from seed can be minimized by grubbing or spraying when young, by grazing plants with cattle or sheep, or by introducing plants of low competitive ability. Once sprouting weeds are present, their effect can be minimized by spraying with chemicals, or if palatable, by grazing with cattle or sheep. Costs range from as low as $10 per acre ($25/ha) for aerially applying herbicides to $711 per acre ($1757/ha) for grinding out tanoak stumps.
Book Synopsis Proceedings, Western Juniper Forum '97 by : Scott A. Leavengood
Download or read book Proceedings, Western Juniper Forum '97 written by Scott A. Leavengood and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Large-crowned Planted Ponderosa Pine Respond Well to Thinning by : James Willis Barrett
Download or read book Large-crowned Planted Ponderosa Pine Respond Well to Thinning written by James Willis Barrett and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
