Classroom Peer Effects and Student Achievement. Working Paper 08-5

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Classroom Peer Effects and Student Achievement. Working Paper 08-5 by : Mary A. Burke

Download or read book Classroom Peer Effects and Student Achievement. Working Paper 08-5 written by Mary A. Burke and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we analyze the impact of classroom peers on individual student performance with a unique longitudinal data set covering all Florida public school students in grades 3-10 over a five-year period. Unlike many previous data sets used to study peer effects in education, our data set allow us to identify each member of a given student's classroom peer group in elementary, middle, and high school as well as the classroom teacher responsible for instruction. As a result, we can control for individual student fixed effects simultaneously with individual teacher fixed effects, thereby alleviating biases due to endogenous assignment of both peers and teachers, including some dynamic aspects of such assignments. Our estimation strategy, which focuses on the influence of peers' fixed characteristics--both observed and unobserved--on individual test score gains, also alleviates potential biases due to error in measuring peer quality, simultaneity of peer outcomes, and mean reversion. Under linear-in-means specifications, estimated peer effects are small to non-existent, but we find some sizable and significant peer effects within non-linear models. For example, we find that peer effects depend on an individual student's own ability and on the ability level of the peers under consideration, results that suggest Pareto-improving redistributions of students across classrooms and/or schools. Estimated peer effects tend to be smaller when teacher fixed effects are included than when they are omitted, a result that suggests co-movement of peer and teacher quality effects within a student over time. We also find that peer effects tend to be stronger at the classroom level than at the grade level. (Appended to this document is "Comparison of Estimation Methods Using Simulated Data." Contains 28 footnotes and 10 tables.).

Classroom Peer Effects and Student Achievement

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Classroom Peer Effects and Student Achievement by : Mary A. Burke

Download or read book Classroom Peer Effects and Student Achievement written by Mary A. Burke and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Classroom Peer Effects and Academic Achievement

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Classroom Peer Effects and Academic Achievement by : Katherine Grace Carman

Download or read book Classroom Peer Effects and Academic Achievement written by Katherine Grace Carman and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates peer effects on student achievement using a panel data set from a middle school in China. Unique features of the organization of Chinese middle schools (Grades 7 to 9) and panel data allow us to overcome difficulties that have hindered the separation of peer effects from omitted individual factors due to self-selection and from common teacher effects and to identify peer effects at the classroom level. We estimate peer effects for Math, English, Chinese, and overall test scores separately. In a linear-in-means model controlling for both individual and teacher-by-test fixed effects, peers are found to have a positive and significant effect on math and overall test scores and a positive but insignificant effect on Chinese test scores, but no effect on English test scores. Importantly, students at the middle of the ability distribution tend to benefit from better peers, whereas students at the ends of the ability distribution do not suggesting that policy makers who want to exploit positive peer effects face difficult tradeoffs in classroom and school assignment.

Social Dynamics

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262541763
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (417 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Dynamics by : Steven N. Durlauf

Download or read book Social Dynamics written by Steven N. Durlauf and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays presents a variety of approaches to understanding the dynamics of human interaction.

Peer Effects in the Classroom

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (247 download)

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Book Synopsis Peer Effects in the Classroom by : Caroline Minter Hoxby

Download or read book Peer Effects in the Classroom written by Caroline Minter Hoxby and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peer effects are potentially important for understanding the optimal organization of schools, jobs, and neighborhoods, but finding evidence is difficult because people are selected into peer groups based, in part, on their unobservable characteristics. I identify the effects of peers whom a child encounters in the classroom using sources of variation that are credibly idiosyncratic, such as changes in the gender and racial composition of a grade in a school in adjacent years. I use specification tests, including one based on randomizing the order of years, to confirm that the variation I use is not generated by time trends or other non-idiosyncratic forces. I find that students are affected by the achievement level of their peers: a credibly exogenous change of 1 point in peers' reading scores raises a student's own score between 0.15 and 0.4 points, depending on the specification. Although I find little evidence that peer effects are generally non-linear, I do find that peer effects are stronger intra-race and that some effects do not operate through peers' achievement. For instance, both males and females perform better in math in classrooms that are more female despite the fact that females' math performance is about the same as that of males

Handbook of the Economics of Education

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080465668
Total Pages : 853 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of the Economics of Education by : Eric A Hanushek

Download or read book Handbook of the Economics of Education written by Eric A Hanushek and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-11-13 with total page 853 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbooks in Economics series continues to provide the various branches of economics with handbooks which are definitive reference sources, suitable for use by professional researchers, advanced graduate students, or by those seeking a teaching supplement. With contributions from leading researchers, each Handbook presents an accurate, self-contained survey of the current state of the topic under examination. These surveys summarize the most recent discussions in journals, and elucidate new developments. Although original material is also included, the main aim of this series is the provision of comprehensive and accessible surveys. *Every volume contains contributions from leading researchers *Each Handbook presents an accurate, self-contained survey of a particular topic *The series provides comprehensive and accessible surveys

Peer Effects in the Classroom

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Peer Effects in the Classroom by : Margarita Pivovarova

Download or read book Peer Effects in the Classroom written by Margarita Pivovarova and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Within Classroom Peer Effects and Tracking

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (879 download)

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Book Synopsis Within Classroom Peer Effects and Tracking by : C. Kevin Fortner

Download or read book Within Classroom Peer Effects and Tracking written by C. Kevin Fortner and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Peer Effects in Disadvantaged Primary Schools

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 55 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Peer Effects in Disadvantaged Primary Schools by : Heather Antecol

Download or read book Peer Effects in Disadvantaged Primary Schools written by Heather Antecol and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the effect of peer achievement on students' own achievement and teacher performance in primary schools in disadvantaged neighborhoods using data from a well-executed randomized experiment in seven states. Contrary to the existing literature, we find that the average classroom peer achievement adversely influences own student achievement in math and reading in linear-in-means models. Extending our analysis to take into account the potential non-linearity in the peer effects leads to non-negligible differences along the achievement distribution. We test several models of peer effects to further understand their underlying mechanisms.While we find no evidence to support the monotonicity model and little evidence in favor of the ability grouping model, we find stronger evidence to support the frame of reference and the invidious comparison models. Moreover, we also find that higher achieving classes improve teaching performance in math. Finally, using a simple policy experiment we find suggestive evidence that tracking students by ability potentially benefits students who end up in a low achievement class while hurting students in a high achievement class.

Visible Learning

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134024126
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Visible Learning by : John Hattie

Download or read book Visible Learning written by John Hattie and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-11-19 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique and ground-breaking book is the result of 15 years research and synthesises over 800 meta-analyses on the influences on achievement in school-aged students. It builds a story about the power of teachers, feedback, and a model of learning and understanding. The research involves many millions of students and represents the largest ever evidence based research into what actually works in schools to improve learning. Areas covered include the influence of the student, home, school, curricula, teacher, and teaching strategies. A model of teaching and learning is developed based on the notion of visible teaching and visible learning. A major message is that what works best for students is similar to what works best for teachers – an attention to setting challenging learning intentions, being clear about what success means, and an attention to learning strategies for developing conceptual understanding about what teachers and students know and understand. Although the current evidence based fad has turned into a debate about test scores, this book is about using evidence to build and defend a model of teaching and learning. A major contribution is a fascinating benchmark/dashboard for comparing many innovations in teaching and schools.

Gender Peer Effects in School

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender Peer Effects in School by : Veronica Cabezas

Download or read book Gender Peer Effects in School written by Veronica Cabezas and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research addresses gender peer effects in education and their impact on student achievement in Chile. We address the topic from three different level of analysis: (a) whether the proportion of girls in a cohort influences students' educational outcomes (b) whether assignment to a classroom with a higher proportion of girls influences students' educational outcomes, and (c) the relative performance of single-sex and coeducation in Chile and its impact on male and female achievement. Through three essays, peer effects are analyzed and their role established for different stages of schooling and for various student characteristics, including gender, socioeconomic background and type of school the student attends. Moreover, the possibility of nonlinearity in gender peer effects is explored as well at the various possible channels through which the effects may operate, such as changes in the amount of curriculum covered. The three essays also address the econometric problems inherent in any study of peer effects. The dissertation provides new evidence on the existence of gender peer effects in elementary and secondary schools based on data from a developing country. It also provides an enriched understanding of how gender peer effects are interrelated with characteristics of the students and schools. The analyses were based on recent data from SIMCE, a Chilean national standardized student assessment carried out in 4 th , 8th and 10 th grade. It is concluded that, after controlling for differences in socioeconomic background, school and a cohort's characteristics, a larger share of female students in a cohort and in a classroom level have a positive impact on academic achievement, both for boys and girls. Results were robust across estimations. Classroom gender peer effects were bigger than the ones estimated at the cohort level, supporting the notion that peer effects get larger when they are measured closer to the context in which they operate. The effects are slightly stronger for girls. The estimated impact of an increase in 10 percentage points on the proportion of female students in the classroom is about 2 to 8 percent of one standard deviation in girl test scores, and between 1 to 5 percent for boys. Gender peer effects proved to be nonlinear and they were stronger when female students are in a minority within the student population, both for boys and girls. To explain these results, the research shows that, as the share of female students in a cohort or class rises, the amount of curriculum that a teacher can cover during the academic year increases as well. Furthermore, the increased share of females is associated with an increase in teachers' expectation on academic attainment of their students. The analysis of co-education and single-sex schools concludes that most of the differences in student achievement between students that attend a single-sex versus a coeducational school were due to students' background characteristics, previous student achievement, peers and school selection. The issue of selection bias is much weaker for girls. Some positive and statistically significant positive effect of single-sex school attendance persist for girls after the effect of selection is controlled-for, as well as previous achievement and other controls. The difference is small, though. The single-sex school effect almost disappears for boys, supporting results from previous sections of this dissertation.

Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling with IBM SPSS

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135074240
Total Pages : 753 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling with IBM SPSS by : Ronald H. Heck

Download or read book Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling with IBM SPSS written by Ronald H. Heck and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-08-22 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates how to use multilevel and longitudinal modeling techniques available in the IBM SPSS mixed-effects program (MIXED). Annotated screen shots provide readers with a step-by-step understanding of each technique and navigating the program. Readers learn how to set up, run, and interpret a variety of models. Diagnostic tools, data management issues, and related graphics are introduced throughout. Annotated syntax is also available for those who prefer this approach. Extended examples illustrate the logic of model development to show readers the rationale of the research questions and the steps around which the analyses are structured. The data used in the text and syntax examples are available at www.routledge.com/9780415817110. Highlights of the new edition include: Updated throughout to reflect IBM SPSS Version 21. Further coverage of growth trajectories, coding time-related variables, covariance structures, individual change and longitudinal experimental designs (Ch.5). Extended discussion of other types of research designs for examining change (e.g., regression discontinuity, quasi-experimental) over time (Ch.6). New examples specifying multiple latent constructs and parallel growth processes (Ch. 7). Discussion of alternatives for dealing with missing data and the use of sample weights within multilevel data structures (Ch.1). The book opens with the conceptual and methodological issues associated with multilevel and longitudinal modeling, followed by a discussion of SPSS data management techniques which facilitate working with multilevel, longitudinal, and cross-classified data sets. Chapters 3 and 4 introduce the basics of multilevel modeling: developing a multilevel model, interpreting output, and trouble-shooting common programming and modeling problems. Models for investigating individual and organizational change are presented in chapters 5 and 6, followed by models with multivariate outcomes in chapter 7. Chapter 8 provides an illustration of multilevel models with cross-classified data structures. The book concludes with ways to expand on the various multilevel and longitudinal modeling techniques and issues when conducting multilevel analyses. It's ideal for courses on multilevel and longitudinal modeling, multivariate statistics, and research design taught in education, psychology, business, and sociology.

Peer Group Effects on Student Outcomes

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (682 download)

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Book Synopsis Peer Group Effects on Student Outcomes by : Keke Liu

Download or read book Peer Group Effects on Student Outcomes written by Keke Liu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Peer Effects in the Classroom

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (247 download)

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Book Synopsis Peer Effects in the Classroom by : Caroline Minter Hoxby

Download or read book Peer Effects in the Classroom written by Caroline Minter Hoxby and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peer effects are potentially important for understanding the optimal organization of schools, jobs, and neighborhoods, but finding evidence is difficult because people are selected into peer groups based, in part, on their unobservable characteristics. I identify the effects of peers whom a child encounters in the classroom using sources of variation that are credibly idiosyncratic, such as changes in the gender and racial composition of a grade in a school in adjacent years. I use specification tests, including one based on randomizing the order of years, to confirm that the variation I use is not generated by time trends or other non-idiosyncratic forces. I find that students are affected by the achievement level of their peers: a credibly exogenous change of 1 point in peers' reading scores raises a student's own score between 0.15 and 0.4 points, depending on the specification. Although I find little evidence that peer effects are generally non-linear, I do find that peer effects are stronger intra-race and that some effects do not operate through peers' achievement. For instance, both males and females perform better in math in classrooms that are more female despite the fact that females' math performance is about the same as that of males

International Guide to Student Achievement

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136962042
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis International Guide to Student Achievement by : John Hattie

Download or read book International Guide to Student Achievement written by John Hattie and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-17 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Guide to Student Achievement brings together and critically examines the major influences shaping student achievement today. There are many, often competing, claims about how to enhance student achievement, raising the questions of "What works?" and "What works best?" World-renowned bestselling authors, John Hattie and Eric M. Anderman have invited an international group of scholars to write brief, empirically-supported articles that examine predictors of academic achievement across a variety of topics and domains. Rather than telling people what to do in their schools and classrooms, this guide simply provides the first-ever compendium of research that summarizes what is known about the major influences shaping students’ academic achievement around the world. Readers can apply this knowledge base to their own school and classroom settings. The 150+ entries serve as intellectual building blocks to creatively mix into new or existing educational arrangements and aim for quick, easy reference. Chapter authors follow a common format that allows readers to more seamlessly compare and contrast information across entries, guiding readers to apply this knowledge to their own classrooms, their curriculums and teaching strategies, and their teacher training programs.

Reviews of National Policies for Education

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Publisher : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Center
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviews of National Policies for Education by : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Download or read book Reviews of National Policies for Education written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Center. This book was released on 1984 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A team of examiners from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) reviews Portugal's education system in a three-part report. Part One begins with the consequences of the 1974 revolution, Portugal's economic problems, its impending attachment to the European Economic Community, and rising public expectations about education. It continues with criticism of the Ministry of Education, which is overstaffed and has duplicate functions. The examiners propose reduction of branches and suggest the establishment of a national education advisory council and closer relations with other government agencies. A high priority for the compulsory school-level education (four primary and two preparatory grades) is improvement of standards in rural areas. Accepting the future extension of compulsory schooling from 6 to 9 years, the examiners counsel step-by-step reform of the school structure and curriculum. Education of 16-to-19 year olds is a problematic issue since upper-secondary schools are not providing adequate vocational courses. The examiners feel a solution is for Portugal to adopt a comprehensive education and training policy for that age group implemented jointly by the Ministries of Education and Labor. Part Two of the report includes a record of the review meeting between the OECD examiners and the Minister of Education and his delegates and addresses five areas of concern. The third part is a summary of the Ministry of Education's Backgroud Report of the education system in Portugal. (MD)

Do Peers Affect Student Achievement?

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (67 download)

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Book Synopsis Do Peers Affect Student Achievement? by : Vincent Boucher

Download or read book Do Peers Affect Student Achievement? written by Vincent Boucher and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: