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Author : Gene Sharp
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781880813119
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)
Download or read book The Anti-coup written by Gene Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Stephen Zunes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781943271429
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (714 download)
Download or read book Sudan's 2019 Revolution written by Stephen Zunes and published by . This book was released on 2021-02-24 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2019 Sudanese revolution constitutes one of the world's greatest stories of the power of nonviolent resistance. A country which had suffered greatly from decades of horrific statesanctioned violence, misogynistic laws, and longstanding religious, ethnic, and regional divisions, an unstoppable movement emerged out of a population systematically disempowered through decades of dictatorship. Millions of Sudanese took to the streets during waves of protests over an eight-month period beginning in December 2018 in a triumph not just of the human spirit, but of some of the most brilliant strategic thinking by any social movement in history. This report reviews the chronology of the resistance struggle, the critical role of nonviolent discipline, other factors contributing to the movement's success, the subsequent political situation, and lessons to be learned. In overcoming such formidable obstacles, the nonviolent pro-democracy struggle in Sudan serves as an inspiration for the entire world.
Author : Erica De Bruin
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501751921
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)
Download or read book How to Prevent Coups d'État written by Erica De Bruin and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-15 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this lively and provocative book, Erica De Bruin looks at the threats that rulers face from their own armed forces. Can they make their regimes impervious to coups? How to Prevent Coups d'État shows that how leaders organize their coercive institutions has a profound effect on the survival of their regimes. When rulers use presidential guards, militarized police, and militia to counterbalance the regular military, efforts to oust them from power via coups d'état are less likely to succeed. Even as counterbalancing helps to prevent successful interventions, however, the resentment that it generates within the regular military can provoke new coup attempts. And because counterbalancing changes how soldiers and police perceive the costs and benefits of a successful overthrow, it can create incentives for protracted fighting that result in the escalation of a coup into full-blown civil war. Drawing on an original dataset of state security forces in 110 countries over a span of fifty years, as well as case studies of coup attempts in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East, De Bruin sheds light on how counterbalancing affects regime survival. Understanding the dynamics of counterbalancing, she shows, can help analysts predict when coups will occur, whether they will succeed, and how violent they are likely to be. The arguments and evidence in this book suggest that while counterbalancing may prevent successful coups, it is a risky strategy to pursue—and one that may weaken regimes in the long term.
Author : Ingrid Jordt
Publisher : ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute
ISBN 13 : 9814951749
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (149 download)
Download or read book How Generation Z Galvanized a Revolutionary Movement against Myanmar’s 2021 Military Coup written by Ingrid Jordt and published by ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. This book was released on 2021-05-12 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On 1 February 2021, under the command of General Min Aung Hlaing, Myanmar’s military initiated a coup, apparently drawing to a close Myanmar’s ten-year experiment with democratic rule. State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and President Win Myint were arrested along with other elected officials. Mass protests against the coup ensued, led by Gen Z youths who shaped a values-based democratic revolutionary movement that in character is anti-military regime, anti-China influence, anti-authoritarian, anti-racist, and anti-sexist. Women and minorities have been at the forefront, organizing protests, shaping campaigns, and engaging sectors of society that in the past had been relegated to the periphery of national politics. The protests were broadcast to local and international audiences through social media. Simultaneously, a civil disobedience movement (CDM) arose in the shape of a massive strike mostly led by civil servants. CDM is non-violent and acephalous, a broad “society against the state” movement too large and diffuse for the military to target and dismantle. Semi-autonomous administrative zones in the name of Pa-a-pha or civil administrative organizations emerged out of spontaneously organized neighbourhood watches at the ward and village levels, effectively forming a parallel governance system to the military state. Anti-coup protests moved decisively away from calls for the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and other elected political leaders, or for a return to democracy under the 2008 constitution. Instead, it evolved towards greater inclusivity of all Myanmar peoples in pursuit of a more robust federal democracy. A group of fifteen elected parliamentarians, representing the ideals of Gen Z youths, formed a shadow government called the Committee Representing the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH) on 5 February 2021. On 1 March the CRPH declared the military governing body, the State Administrative Council (SAC), a “terrorist group”, and on 31 March, it declared the military’s 2008 constitution abolished. Gen Z’s protests have accomplished what has been elusive to prior generations of anti-regime movements and uprisings. They have severed the Bamar Buddhist nationalist narrative that has gripped state society relations and the military’s ideological control over the political landscape, substituting for it an inclusive democratic ideology.
Author : Hardy Merriman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781943271313
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (713 download)
Download or read book Glossary of Civil Resistance written by Hardy Merriman and published by . This book was released on 2020-12-09 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Naunihal Singh
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 142141337X
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)
Download or read book Seizing Power written by Naunihal Singh and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How coups happen and why half of them fail. While coups drive a majority of regime changes and are responsible for the overthrow of many democratic governments, there has been very little empirical work on the subject. Seizing Power develops a new theory of coup dynamics and outcomes, drawing on 300 hours of interviews with coup participants and an original dataset of 471 coup attempts worldwide from 1950 to 2000. Naunihal Singh delivers a concise and empirical evaluation, arguing that understanding the dynamics of military factions is essential to predicting the success or failure of coups. Singh draws on an aspect of game theory known as a coordination game to explain coup dynamics. He finds a strong correlation between successful coups and the ability of military actors to project control and the inevitability of success. Examining Ghana’s multiple coups and the 1991 coup attempt in the USSR, Singh shows how military actors project an image of impending victory that is often more powerful than the reality on the ground. In addition, Singh also identifies three distinct types of coup dynamics, each with a different probability of success, based on where within the organization each coup originated: coups from top military officers, coups from the middle ranks, and mutinous coups from low-level soldiers.
Author : Jonathan Pinckney
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781943271153
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (711 download)
Download or read book When Civil Resistance Succeeds written by Jonathan Pinckney and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several studies show that nonviolent revolutions are generally a more positive force for democratization than violent revolutions and top-down political transitions. However, many nonviolent revolutions, such as the Arab Spring revolution in Egypt, do not seem to fit this pattern. This study takes on this puzzle and reveals that the answer lies in large part in the actions of civil society prior to and during transition. Democracy is most likely when activists can keep their social bases mobilized for positive political change while directing that mobilization toward building new political institutions. The study first lays out what we already know about the connections between nonviolent resistance and democratization. It then presents new statistical evidence that nonviolent resistance has a positive e ect on democratization independently of other conditions. Additionally, in-depth case studies of Nepal, Zambia, and Brazil—woven throughout this monograph—demonstrate that the positive e ect of civil resistance on democratic transition requires continued civic mobilization and a move away from radical, all-or-nothing struggles toward more regular, institutionalized politics. The study concludes with concrete takeaways on how to achieve these changes, designed for civil resistance thinkers, activists, and external actors interested in supporting nonviolent movements.
Author : Gene Sharp
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781880813416
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (134 download)
Download or read book Civilian-Based Defense written by Gene Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2016-03-03 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Erica Chenoweth
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231527489
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)
Download or read book Why Civil Resistance Works written by Erica Chenoweth and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-09 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than a century, from 1900 to 2006, campaigns of nonviolent resistance were more than twice as effective as their violent counterparts in achieving their stated goals. By attracting impressive support from citizens, whose activism takes the form of protests, boycotts, civil disobedience, and other forms of nonviolent noncooperation, these efforts help separate regimes from their main sources of power and produce remarkable results, even in Iran, Burma, the Philippines, and the Palestinian Territories. Combining statistical analysis with case studies of specific countries and territories, Erica Chenoweth and Maria J. Stephan detail the factors enabling such campaigns to succeed and, sometimes, causing them to fail. They find that nonviolent resistance presents fewer obstacles to moral and physical involvement and commitment, and that higher levels of participation contribute to enhanced resilience, greater opportunities for tactical innovation and civic disruption (and therefore less incentive for a regime to maintain its status quo), and shifts in loyalty among opponents' erstwhile supporters, including members of the military establishment. Chenoweth and Stephan conclude that successful nonviolent resistance ushers in more durable and internally peaceful democracies, which are less likely to regress into civil war. Presenting a rich, evidentiary argument, they originally and systematically compare violent and nonviolent outcomes in different historical periods and geographical contexts, debunking the myth that violence occurs because of structural and environmental factors and that it is necessary to achieve certain political goals. Instead, the authors discover, violent insurgency is rarely justifiable on strategic grounds.
Author : Stephen Zunes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781943271115
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (711 download)
Download or read book Civil Resistance Against Coups written by Stephen Zunes and published by . This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents in-depth case studies and analysis intended to improve our understanding of the strategic utility of civil resistance against military takeovers; the nature of civil resistance mobilization against coups; and the role of civil resistance against coups in countries; and subsequent democratization efforts (or failure thereof).
Author : Jonathan C. Pinckney
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190097337
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)
Download or read book From Dissent to Democracy written by Jonathan C. Pinckney and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peaceful protest is a strong driver for democratization across the globe. Yet, it doesn't always lead to democratic transition, as seen in the Arab Spring revolutions in Egypt or Yemen. Why do some nonviolent transitions end in democracy while others do not? In From Dissent to Democracy, Jonathan Pinckney systematically examines transitions initiated by nonviolent resistance campaigns and argues that two key factors explain whether or not democracy will follow such efforts. First, a movement must sustain high levels of social mobilization. Second, it must direct that mobilization away from revolutionary "maximalist" goals and tactics and towards support for new institutions. Pinckney tests his theory by presenting a global statistical analysis of all political transitions from 1945-2011 and three case studies from Nepal, Zambia, and Brazil. Original and empirically rigorous, this book provides new insights into the intersection of democratization and nonviolent resistance and gives actionable recommendations for how to encourage democratic transitions.
Author : Ned Dobos
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192604236
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)
Download or read book Ethics, Security, and The War-Machine written by Ned Dobos and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-07 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If pacifists are correct in thinking that war is always unjust, then it follows that we ought to eliminate the possibility and temptation of ever engaging in it; we should not build war-making capacity, and if we already have, then demilitarization—or military abolition—would seem to be the appropriate course to take. On the other hand, if war is sometimes justified, as many believe, then it must be permissible to prepare for it by creating and maintaining a military establishment. Yet this view that the justifiability of war-making is also sufficient to justify war-building is mistaken. This book addresses questions of jus ante bellum, or justice before war. Under what circumstances is it justifiable for a polity to prepare for war by militarizing? When (if ever) and why (if at all) is it morally permissible to create and maintain the potential to wage war? In doing so it highlights the ways in which a civilian population compromises its own security in maintaining a permanent military establishment, explores the moral and social costs of militarization, and evaluates whether or not these costs are worth bearing.
Author : United Nations;World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464811865
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Pathways for Peace written by United Nations;World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-04-13 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Violent conflicts today are complex and increasingly protracted, involving more nonstate groups and regional and international actors. It is estimated that by 2030—the horizon set by the international community for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals—more than half of the world’s poor will be living in countries affected by high levels of violence. Information and communication technology, population movements, and climate change are also creating shared risks that must be managed at both national and international levels. Pathways for Peace is a joint United Nations†“World Bank Group study that originates from the conviction that the international community’s attention must urgently be refocused on prevention. A scaled-up system for preventive action would save between US$5 billion and US$70 billion per year, which could be reinvested in reducing poverty and improving the well-being of populations. The study aims to improve the way in which domestic development processes interact with security, diplomacy, mediation, and other efforts to prevent conflicts from becoming violent. It stresses the importance of grievances related to exclusion—from access to power, natural resources, security and justice, for example—that are at the root of many violent conflicts today. Based on a review of cases in which prevention has been successful, the study makes recommendations for countries facing emerging risks of violent conflict as well as for the international community. Development policies and programs must be a core part of preventive efforts; when risks are high or building up, inclusive solutions through dialogue, adapted macroeconomic policies, institutional reform, and redistributive policies are required. Inclusion is key, and preventive action needs to adopt a more people-centered approach that includes mainstreaming citizen engagement. Enhancing the participation of women and youth in decision making is fundamental to sustaining peace, as well as long-term policies to address the aspirations of women and young people.
Author : Hicham Bou Nassif
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108896782
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)
Download or read book Endgames written by Hicham Bou Nassif and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2011 Arab Spring is the story of what happens when autocrats prepare their militaries to thwart coups but unexpectedly face massive popular uprisings instead. When demonstrators took to the streets in 2011, some militaries remained loyal to the autocratic regimes, some defected, whilst others splintered. The widespread consequences of this military agency ranged from facilitating transition to democracy, to reconfiguring authoritarianism, or triggering civil war. This study aims to explain the military politics of 2011. Building on interviews with Arab officers, extensive fieldwork and archival research, as well as hundreds of memoirs published by Arab officers, Hicham Bou Nassif shows how divergent combinations of coup-proofing tactics accounted for different patterns of military behaviour in 2011, both in Egypt and Syria, and across Tunisia, and Libya.
Author : Kurt Schock
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 0816641927
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (166 download)
Download or read book Unarmed Insurrections written by Kurt Schock and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last two decades of the twentieth century, a wave of "people power" movements erupted throughout the nondemocratic world. In South Africa, the Philippines, Nepal, Thailand, Burma (Myanmar), China, and elsewhere, mass protest demonstrations, strikes, boycotts, civil disobedience, and other nonviolent actions were brought to bear on a rigid political status quo. Kurt Schock compares the successes of the antiapartheid movement in South Africa, the people power movement in the Philippines, the pro-democracy movement in Nepal, and the antimilitary movement in Thailand with the failures of the pro-democracy movement in China and the anti-regime challenge in Burma. Schock develops a synthetic framework that allows him to identify which characteristics increase the resilience of a challenge to state repression, and which aspects of a state's relations can he exploited by such a challenge. By looking at how these methods of protest promoted regime change in some countries but not in others, this book provides rare insight into the often overlooked and little understood power of nonviolent action.
Author : Kristen A. Harkness
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108526349
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)
Download or read book When Soldiers Rebel written by Kristen A. Harkness and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-06 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Military coups are a constant threat in Africa and many former military leaders are now in control of 'civilian states', yet the military remains understudied, especially over the last decade. Drawing on extensive archival research, cross-national data, and four in-depth comparative case studies, When Soldiers Rebel examines the causes of military coups in post-independence Africa and looks at the relationship between ethnic armies and political instability in the region. Kristen A. Harkness argues that the processes of creating and dismantling ethnically exclusionary state institutions engenders organized and violent political resistance. Focusing on rebellions to protect rather than change the status quo, Harkness sheds light on a mechanism of ethnic violence that helps us understand both the motivations and timing of rebellion, and the rarity of group rebellion in the face of persistent political and economic inequalities along ethnic lines.
Author : John J. Chin
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538120682
Total Pages : 1501 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)
Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Modern Coups d'état written by John J. Chin and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-12-13 with total page 1501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “For readers interested in international relations, politics, and global issues.” -Library Journal, Starred Review The Historical Dictionary of Modern Coups d’état surveys the history of coups d’état in the post-World War II period. The term “modern” in the title therefore demarcates the period since January 1946. This book documents over 582 coup attempts that have occurred in 108 different countries worldwide over a period of 75 years. Historical Dictionary of Modern Coups d'état contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 1,400 cross-referenced dictionary entries. This book is an excellent resource for students, and researchers.
