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Chlorofluorocarbons And Their Effect On Stratospheric Ozone
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Book Synopsis Chlorofluorocarbons and Their Effect on Stratospheric Ozone by : Great Britain. Central Unit on Environmental Pollution
Download or read book Chlorofluorocarbons and Their Effect on Stratospheric Ozone written by Great Britain. Central Unit on Environmental Pollution and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Toxic Substances and Environmental Oversight Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :384 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (1 download)
Book Synopsis The Effect of Chlorofluorocarbons on the Ozone Layer by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Toxic Substances and Environmental Oversight
Download or read book The Effect of Chlorofluorocarbons on the Ozone Layer written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Toxic Substances and Environmental Oversight and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Between Earth and Sky by : Seth Cagin
Download or read book Between Earth and Sky written by Seth Cagin and published by Pantheon. This book was released on 1993 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the 1950s CFCs had found further applications: as propellants in aerosol spray cans, in the manufacture of Styrofoam, and as vital industrial solvents. Then, in 1974, after millions of tons of CFCs had been released into the Earth's atmosphere, two scientists at the University of California demonstrated that these same "safe" wonder substances had altered the fundamental chemistry of the atmosphere and had begun to erode the ozone layer - the protective shield of all life on earth. The battle to restrict CFCs was fought in laboratories, at international conferences, and in the halls of Congress, pitting environmentalists intent on remedying what had become a global crisis against industrialists and government officials opposed to regulation. Finally, in 1987, fifty-seven nations signed the first global environmental treaty - the Montreal Protocol, which regulated the further production of CFCs and ushered in a new era of international cooperation on the environment.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Managing Chlorofluorocarbons by : John H. Cumberland
Download or read book The Economics of Managing Chlorofluorocarbons written by John H. Cumberland and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-22 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorofluorocarbons are known to be effective spray can propellants, solvents and refrigerators and were often used in deodorants, refrigerators and other goods. However, it was not known at the beginning of their use, the complex reaction that CFCs have on the earth’s climate. Originally published in 1982, this report explores early research into the effect that CFCs have on the environment and provides guidance on how this emerging issue should be dealt with. This title will be of interest to students of Environmental Studies.
Book Synopsis Global Warming: The Effect Of Ozone Depletion by : Shagoon Tabin
Download or read book Global Warming: The Effect Of Ozone Depletion written by Shagoon Tabin and published by APH Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Changes in Stratospheric Ozone and Global Climate: Overview by : James G. Titus
Download or read book Effects of Changes in Stratospheric Ozone and Global Climate: Overview written by James G. Titus and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Protecting the Ozone Layer by : Edward A. Parson
Download or read book Protecting the Ozone Layer written by Edward A. Parson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-03-06 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive history of international efforts to protect the ozone layer, the greatest success yet achieved in managing human impacts on the global environment. Its arguments about how this success was achieved are both theoretically novel and of great significance for the management of other global problems, particularly global climate change. The book provides an account of the ozone-depletion issues from the first attempts to develop international action in the 1970s to the mature functioning of the present international regime. It examines the parallel developments of politics and negotiations, scientific understanding and controversy, technological progress, and industry strategy that shaped the issue's development and its effective management. In addition, the book offers important new insights into how the interactions among these domains influenced the formation and adaptation of the ozone regime. Addressing the initial formation of the regime, the book argues that authoritative scientific assessments were crucial in constraining policy debates and shaping negotiated agreements. Assessments gave scientific claims an ability to change policy actors' behavior that the claims themselves, however well known and verified, lacked. Concerning subsequent adaptation of the regime, the book identifies a series of feedbacks between the periodic revision of chemical controls and the strategic responses of affected industries, which drove rapid application of new approaches to reduce ozone-depleting chemicals. These feedbacks, promoted by the regime's novel technology assessment process, allowed worldwide use of the chemicals to decline further and faster than even the boldest predictions, by nearly 95 percent within ten years.
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Environmental Protection Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :696 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Chlorofluorocarbons by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Environmental Protection
Download or read book Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Chlorofluorocarbons written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Environmental Protection and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Assembly of Mathematical and Physical Sciences (U.S.). Committee on Impacts of Stratospheric Change Publisher :National Academies ISBN 13 : Total Pages :422 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Protection Against Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone by Chlorofluorocarbons by : Assembly of Mathematical and Physical Sciences (U.S.). Committee on Impacts of Stratospheric Change
Download or read book Protection Against Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone by Chlorofluorocarbons written by Assembly of Mathematical and Physical Sciences (U.S.). Committee on Impacts of Stratospheric Change and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1979 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stratospheric Ozone Depletion by : Larry Parker
Download or read book Stratospheric Ozone Depletion written by Larry Parker and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For two decades, scientists have been warning that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons (bromine-containing fluorocarbons) may deplete the stratospheric ozone shield that screens out some of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet rays and thus regulates the amounts which reach the Earth's surface. CFCs have been used as refrigerants, solvents, foam blowing agents, and outside the United States, as aerosol propellants; Halons are used primarily as fire-fighting agents. Increased radiation could result in an increase in skin cancers, suppression of the human immune system, and decreased productivity of terrestrial and aquatic organisms, including some commercially important crops. This book deals with implementation, policy issues and phase out of methyl bromide. In September 1987, 47 countries (including the United States) agreed to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, which first required controls on the world's consumption of ozone depleting substances. Over 160 countries have signed on to the Protocol, whose phasedown schedule for developed countries was accelerated twice and completely phased out Halon production at the end of 1994 and CFC production at the end of 1995. The Protocol's coverage has also been extended to include hydrochlorofluorocarbons and other chlorine- and bromine-containing substances such as some solvents and methyl bromide, a widely used soil fumigant.
Book Synopsis Effects of Changes in Stratospheric Ozone and Global Climate by : James G. Titus
Download or read book Effects of Changes in Stratospheric Ozone and Global Climate written by James G. Titus and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Environmental Pollution Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :340 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Ozone Depletion, the Greenhouse Effect, and Climate Change by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Environmental Pollution
Download or read book Ozone Depletion, the Greenhouse Effect, and Climate Change written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Environmental Pollution and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Chemistry and Physics of Ozone Depletion Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :354 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (637 download)
Book Synopsis Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction by : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Chemistry and Physics of Ozone Depletion
Download or read book Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Chemistry and Physics of Ozone Depletion and published by . This book was released on 1982-01-15 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :890 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Stratospheric Ozone Depletion by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment
Download or read book Stratospheric Ozone Depletion written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 890 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :666 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (121 download)
Book Synopsis Ozone Layer Depletions by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment
Download or read book Ozone Layer Depletions written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Philippe G. Le Prestre Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :146155585X Total Pages :264 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (615 download)
Book Synopsis Protecting the Ozone Layer by : Philippe G. Le Prestre
Download or read book Protecting the Ozone Layer written by Philippe G. Le Prestre and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting the Ozone Layer: Lessons, Models, and Prospects Since the mid-1980s, the international community has adopted several significant instruments designed to reverse the degradation of the life support systems of the planet. None of these international agreements have been as successful as the 1987 Montreal Protocol in creating the incentives and mechanisms for protecting the ozone layer. Through the efforts of industry, government and public interest groups, national commitments and achievements have progressed further and faster than expected, while the list of controlled chemicals has expanded. Now in its second decade, the Protocol enters a crucial phase of its implementation. Protecting the Ozone Layer: Lessons, Models, and Prospects presents a wealth of information about the scientific, legal-political, and technological hurdles that we will have to overcome if humanity is to reverse its self-destructive course. The technology section in particular should appeal to industries affected by ozone layer protection as well as those affected by climate protection, since this is the first ozone publication featuring insights by the companies that spearheaded the major technological breakthroughs. Every initiative to improve the environmental performance of industry has been accompanied by pronouncements of economic devastation, from acid rain to auto emissions standards, from auto mileage improvements to the protection of the ozone layer. Each new initiative brought claims from industry that this situation was different, yet none of their predictions have come true. At a time when industry fights efforts to protect the environment, the ozone experience shows both how technical breakthroughs have enabled environmental protection policies to work in the past and how they will work again in the future. Protecting the Ozone Layer: Lessons, Models, and Prospects is the product of a Colloquium that was organized in September 1997 to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the Montreal Protocol. Contributions have been gathered from researchers and practitioners in the field, including some of the very same scientists whose work awakened the international community to the seriousness of the danger that humanity now faces. Other contributors include the scholars and diplomats who wrote and negotiated the text of the Protocol and its amendments, and the key figures who have been influential in convincing industry to support the process.
Book Synopsis Essential Chemistry for Formulators of Semisolid and Liquid Dosages by : Vitthal S. Kulkarni
Download or read book Essential Chemistry for Formulators of Semisolid and Liquid Dosages written by Vitthal S. Kulkarni and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A needed resource for pharmaceutical scientists and cosmetic chemists, Essential Chemistry for Formulators of Semisolid and Liquid Dosages provides insight into the basic chemistry of mixing different phases and test methods for the stability study of nonsolid formulations. The book covers foundational surface/colloid chemistry, which forms the necessary background for making emulsions, suspensions, solutions, and nano drug delivery systems, and the chemistry of mixing, which is critical for further formulation of drug delivery systems into semisolid (gels, creams, lotions, and ointments) or liquid final dosages. Expanding on these foundational principles, this useful guide explores stability testing methods, such as particle size, rheological/viscosity, microscopy, and chemical, and closes with a valuable discussion of regulatory issues. Essential Chemistry for Formulators of Semisolid and Liquid Dosages offers scientists and students the foundation and practical guidance to make and analyze semisolid and liquid formulations. Unique coverage of the underlying chemistry that makes possible stable dosages Quality content written by experienced experts from the drug development industry Valuable information for academic and industrial scientists developing topical and liquid dosage formulations for pharmaceutical as well as skin care and cosmetic products
