Chlorofluorocarbons

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Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming

Author : National Academy of Engineering
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309043867
Total Pages : 945 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming by : National Academy of Engineering

Download or read book Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming written by National Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 945 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global warming continues to gain importance on the international agenda and calls for action are heightening. Yet, there is still controversy over what must be done and what is needed to proceed. Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming describes the information necessary to make decisions about global warming resulting from atmospheric releases of radiatively active trace gases. The conclusions and recommendations include some unexpected results. The distinguished authoring committee provides specific advice for U.S. policy and addresses the need for an international response to potential greenhouse warming. It offers a realistic view of gaps in the scientific understanding of greenhouse warming and how much effort and expense might be required to produce definitive answers. The book presents methods for assessing options to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, offset emissions, and assist humans and unmanaged systems of plants and animals to adjust to the consequences of global warming.

Submarine Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Hydrofluorocarbons

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309070848
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Submarine Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Hydrofluorocarbons by : National Research Council

Download or read book Submarine Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Hydrofluorocarbons written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-07-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the effort to phase out the use of stratospheric ozone-depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the U.S. Navy is considering hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as replacements for the CFC refrigerants used aboard its submarines. Before using the HFCs, the Navy plans to set emergency exposure guidance levels (EEGLs) and continuous exposure guidance levels (CEGLs) to protect submariners from health effects that could occur as a result of accidental releases or slow leaks. In this report, the Subcommittee on Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Hydrofluorocarbons of the National Research Council's (NRC 's) Committee on Toxicology independently reviews the scientific validity of the Navy's proposed 1-hr and 24-hr EEGLs and 90-day CEGLs for two of the candidate refrigerants-HFC-236fa and HFC-404a. In addition, the subcommittee reviews the the EEGLs and CEGL for HFC-23, one of the combustion products of HFC-236fa. This NRC report is intended to aid the Navy in using HFCs safely.

Chlorofluorocarbon Effects and Regulations

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences. Subcommittee on the Upper Atmosphere
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Chlorofluorocarbon Effects and Regulations by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences. Subcommittee on the Upper Atmosphere

Download or read book Chlorofluorocarbon Effects and Regulations written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences. Subcommittee on the Upper Atmosphere and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Between Earth and Sky

Author : Seth Cagin
Publisher : Pantheon
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Between Earth and Sky by : Seth Cagin

Download or read book Between Earth and Sky written by Seth Cagin and published by Pantheon. This book was released on 1993 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the 1950s CFCs had found further applications: as propellants in aerosol spray cans, in the manufacture of Styrofoam, and as vital industrial solvents. Then, in 1974, after millions of tons of CFCs had been released into the Earth's atmosphere, two scientists at the University of California demonstrated that these same "safe" wonder substances had altered the fundamental chemistry of the atmosphere and had begun to erode the ozone layer - the protective shield of all life on earth. The battle to restrict CFCs was fought in laboratories, at international conferences, and in the halls of Congress, pitting environmentalists intent on remedying what had become a global crisis against industrialists and government officials opposed to regulation. Finally, in 1987, fifty-seven nations signed the first global environmental treaty - the Montreal Protocol, which regulated the further production of CFCs and ushered in a new era of international cooperation on the environment.

The Fluoride Deception

Author : Christopher Bryson
Publisher : Seven Stories Press
ISBN 13 : 1609800087
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fluoride Deception by : Christopher Bryson

Download or read book The Fluoride Deception written by Christopher Bryson and published by Seven Stories Press. This book was released on 2011-01-04 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the narrative punch of Jonathan Harr’s A Civil Action and the commitment to environmental truth-telling of Erin Brockovich, The Fluoride Deception documents a powerful connection between big corporations, the U.S. military, and the historic reassurances of fluoride safety provided by the nation’s public health establishment. The Fluoride Deception reads like a thriller, but one supported by two hundred pages of source notes, years of investigative reporting, scores of scientist interviews, and archival research in places such as the newly opened files of the Manhattan Project and the Atomic Energy Commission. The book is nothing less than an exhumation of one of the great secret narratives of the industrial era: how a grim workplace poison and the most damaging environmental pollutant of the cold war was added to our drinking water and toothpaste.

Ozone Crisis

Author : Sharon Roan
Publisher : Turner Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 1620459507
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Ozone Crisis by : Sharon Roan

Download or read book Ozone Crisis written by Sharon Roan and published by Turner Publishing Company. This book was released on 1990-08-01 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The real story behind the Ozone Crisis Straight from today's headlines, award-winning science writer Sharon Roan offers an incisive look at one of the planet's most pressing ecological concerns. Ozone Crisis tells the compelling, often shocking story of the discovery of ozone depletion, the fight to ban chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and future prospects and prognoses. "At last a sober, well-researched, and well-written book on an important environmental problem...a good yarn about stratospheric ozone...This is clearly one of the best case studies of the evolution of science-intensive public policy." --Choice "An engaging account...skillfully recounts in terms readily understood by lay readers the shrewd detective work and unprecedented scientific cooperation that helped give rise to the Montreal Treaty." --John C. Topping, President, Climate Institute "Whether you have the slightest interest in environmental matters or not, this book should be on your 'must check out!' list." --Western Producer "Anyone interested in understanding contemporary environmental policy issues will find Roan has written a well-researched, well-balanced, and informative book in an easy-to-read, journalistic style." --Naturalist Review

Essential Chemistry for Formulators of Semisolid and Liquid Dosages

Author : Vitthal S. Kulkarni
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012801072X
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Essential Chemistry for Formulators of Semisolid and Liquid Dosages by : Vitthal S. Kulkarni

Download or read book Essential Chemistry for Formulators of Semisolid and Liquid Dosages written by Vitthal S. Kulkarni and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A needed resource for pharmaceutical scientists and cosmetic chemists, Essential Chemistry for Formulators of Semisolid and Liquid Dosages provides insight into the basic chemistry of mixing different phases and test methods for the stability study of nonsolid formulations. The book covers foundational surface/colloid chemistry, which forms the necessary background for making emulsions, suspensions, solutions, and nano drug delivery systems, and the chemistry of mixing, which is critical for further formulation of drug delivery systems into semisolid (gels, creams, lotions, and ointments) or liquid final dosages. Expanding on these foundational principles, this useful guide explores stability testing methods, such as particle size, rheological/viscosity, microscopy, and chemical, and closes with a valuable discussion of regulatory issues. Essential Chemistry for Formulators of Semisolid and Liquid Dosages offers scientists and students the foundation and practical guidance to make and analyze semisolid and liquid formulations. - Unique coverage of the underlying chemistry that makes possible stable dosages - Quality content written by experienced experts from the drug development industry - Valuable information for academic and industrial scientists developing topical and liquid dosage formulations for pharmaceutical as well as skin care and cosmetic products

Protection Against Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone by Chlorofluorocarbons

Author : Assembly of Mathematical and Physical Sciences (U.S.). Committee on Impacts of Stratospheric Change
Publisher : National Academies
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (523 download)

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Book Synopsis Protection Against Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone by Chlorofluorocarbons by : Assembly of Mathematical and Physical Sciences (U.S.). Committee on Impacts of Stratospheric Change

Download or read book Protection Against Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone by Chlorofluorocarbons written by Assembly of Mathematical and Physical Sciences (U.S.). Committee on Impacts of Stratospheric Change and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1979-01-01 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Ozone Discourses

Author : Karen Litfin
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780231081375
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (813 download)

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Book Synopsis Ozone Discourses by : Karen Litfin

Download or read book Ozone Discourses written by Karen Litfin and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can scientific knowledge be translated into political change? Ozone Discourse examines the first global environment treaty, the Montreal Protocol and its subsequent revisions, which was a highly effective collaboration among scientists, policymakers and activists. The treaties were the work of a small group of experts who, without conventional political or economic resources, were able to persuade most of the world's nations to agree to reduce and then eliminate chlorofluorocarbons. These experts used their understanding of atmospheric science to supplement the policymakers' short-term perspective with a wider, intergenerational timeframe characteristic of global environmental problems. Litfin argues that the discipline of international relations requires a broader conception of power in order to accomodate the knowledge-based problems such as environmental degradation.

Fluorine

Author : Alain Tressaud
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128129913
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Fluorine by : Alain Tressaud

Download or read book Fluorine written by Alain Tressaud and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-06 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluorine: A Paradoxical Element, Volume Five, deals with the link between fluorine, humanity and the environment. It is divided into three main sections, including i) The history and developmental stages of fluorinated products, ii) Awareness of its importance in our environment, and iii) Recent contributions of fluoride products in medicine, pharmacy and our daily lives. Made engaging through interesting figures and accessible language, and written by a leading expert, Professor Tressaud, the book supports the work of scientists working in materials, toxicology and environmental science. It complements the author's edited series, Progress in Fluorine Science, covering recent advances. - Describes background and contextual information regarding the history, development of understanding, and applications of this important element - Explores the impacts of fluorine, both positive and negative, in the environment and biological systems - Includes applied, real-world information from agencies, such as CNRS, NASA, HWS and DOH

EPA Proposed Rulemaking on Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and Its Impact on Small Business

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Antitrust and Restraint of Trade Activities Affecting Small Business
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis EPA Proposed Rulemaking on Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and Its Impact on Small Business by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Antitrust and Restraint of Trade Activities Affecting Small Business

Download or read book EPA Proposed Rulemaking on Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and Its Impact on Small Business written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Antitrust and Restraint of Trade Activities Affecting Small Business and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309152119
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions by : National Research Council

Download or read book Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's nations are moving toward agreements that will bind us together in an effort to limit future greenhouse gas emissions. With such agreements will come the need for all nations to make accurate estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and to monitor changes over time. In this context, the present book focuses on the greenhouse gases that result from human activities, have long lifetimes in the atmosphere and thus will change global climate for decades to millennia or more, and are currently included in international agreements. The book devotes considerably more space to CO2 than to the other gases because CO2 is the largest single contributor to global climate change and is thus the focus of many mitigation efforts. Only data in the public domain were considered because public access and transparency are necessary to build trust in a climate treaty. The book concludes that each country could estimate fossil-fuel CO2 emissions accurately enough to support monitoring of a climate treaty. However, current methods are not sufficiently accurate to check these self-reported estimates against independent data or to estimate other greenhouse gas emissions. Strategic investments would, within 5 years, improve reporting of emissions by countries and yield a useful capability for independent verification of greenhouse gas emissions reported by countries.

Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

Author :
Publisher : UNEP/Earthprint
ISBN 13 : 9789280727708
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (277 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer by :

Download or read book Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer written by and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2006 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Age Dating Ground Water by Use of Chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2), and Distribution of Chlorofluorocarbons in the Unsaturated Zone, Snake River Plain Aquifer, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho

Download Age Dating Ground Water by Use of Chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2), and Distribution of Chlorofluorocarbons in the Unsaturated Zone, Snake River Plain Aquifer, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Age Dating Ground Water by Use of Chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2), and Distribution of Chlorofluorocarbons in the Unsaturated Zone, Snake River Plain Aquifer, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho by :

Download or read book Age Dating Ground Water by Use of Chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2), and Distribution of Chlorofluorocarbons in the Unsaturated Zone, Snake River Plain Aquifer, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology

Author : Peter G. Cook
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461545579
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology by : Peter G. Cook

Download or read book Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology written by Peter G. Cook and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology synthesizes the research of specialists into a comprehensive review of the application of environmental tracers to the study of soil water and groundwater flow. The book includes chapters which cover ionic tracers, noble gases, chlorofluorocarbons, tritium, chlorine-36, oxygen-18, deuterium, and isotopes of carbon, strontium, sulphur and nitrogen. Applications of the tracers include the estimation of vertical and horizontal groundwater velocities, groundwater recharge rates, inter-aquifer leakage and mixing processes, chemical processes and palaeohydrology. Practicing hydrologists, soil physicists and hydrology professors and students will find the book to be a valuable support in their work.

The Carbon Age

Author : Eric Roston
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0802717519
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis The Carbon Age by : Eric Roston

Download or read book The Carbon Age written by Eric Roston and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2009-05-26 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon is the chemical scaffolding of life and civilization; indeed, the great cycle by which carbon moves through organisms, ground, water, and atmosphere has long been a kind of global respiration system that helps keep Earth in balance. And yet, when we hear the word today, it is more often than not in a crisis context. Journalist Roston evokes this essential element, from the Big Bang to modern civilization. Charting the science of carbon--how it was formed, how it came to Earth--he chronicles the often surprising ways mankind has used it over centuries, and the growing catastrophe of the industrial era, leading our current attempt to wrestle the Earth's geochemical cycle back from the brink. Blending the latest science with original reporting, Roston makes us aware of the seminal impact carbon has, and has had, on our lives.--From publisher description.

Ethics Of Chemistry: From Poison Gas To Climate Engineering

Author : Joachim Schummer
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9811233551
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethics Of Chemistry: From Poison Gas To Climate Engineering by : Joachim Schummer

Download or read book Ethics Of Chemistry: From Poison Gas To Climate Engineering written by Joachim Schummer and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-02-08 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Overall, this collection of case studies provides an outstanding starting point for understanding the ethics of chemistry. It is an extremely important contribution to the study of chemical ethics … Ethics of Chemistry is a key resource for educators interested in integrating ethics instruction into their chemistry curricula … an important foundation for equipping students with the moral judgement and analytical skills necessary to contend with the ethical issues they are likely to face in their professional lives.'Nature Chemistry'… the book offers a general introduction to many relevant topics concerning the values, responsibilities, and judgements in (and of) chemistry. The volume could be helpful for university students and teachers or even general readers interested in the ethics of chemistry.' [Read Full Review]José Ramón Bertomeu-SánchezAmbixAlthough chemistry has been the target of numerous public moral debates for over a century, there is still no academic field of ethics of chemistry to develop an ethically balanced view of the discipline. And while ethics courses are increasingly demanded for science and engineering students in many countries, chemistry is still lagging behind because of a lack of appropriate teaching material. This volume fills both gaps by establishing the scope of ethics of chemistry and providing a cased-based approach to teaching, thereby also narrating a cultural history of chemistry.From poison gas in WWI to climate engineering of the future, this volume covers the most important historical cases of chemistry. It draws lesson from major disasters of the past, such as in Bhopal and Love Canal, or from thalidomide, Agent Orange, and DDT. It further introduces to ethical arguments pro and con by discussing issues about bisphenol-A, polyvinyl chloride, and rare earth elements; as well as of contested chemical projects such as human enhancement, the creation of artificial life, and patents on human DNA. Moreover, it illustrates chemical engagements in preventing hazards, from the prediction of ozone depletion, to Green Chemistry, and research in recycling, industrial substance substitution, and clean-up. Students also learn about codes of conduct and chemical regulations.An international team of experts narrate the historical cases and analyse their ethical dimensions. All cases are suitable for undergraduate teaching, either in classes of ethics, history of chemistry, or in chemistry classes proper.