Chinas Strategic Culture

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Cultural Realism

Author : Alastair Iain Johnston
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691213143
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Cultural Realism by : Alastair Iain Johnston

Download or read book Cultural Realism written by Alastair Iain Johnston and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cultural Realism is an in-depth study of premodern Chinese strategic thought that has important implications for contemporary international relations theory. In applying a Western theoretical debate to China, Iain Johnston advances rigorous procedures for testing for the existence and influence of "strategic culture." Johnston sets out to answer two empirical questions. Is there a substantively consistent and temporally persistent Chinese strategic culture? If so, to what extent has it influenced China's approaches to security? The focus of his study is the Ming dynasty's grand strategy against the Mongols (1368-1644). First Johnston examines ancient military texts as sources of Chinese strategic culture, using cognitive mapping, symbolic analysis and congruence tests to determine whether there is a consistent grand strategic preference ranking across texts that constitutes a single strategic culture. Then he applies similar techniques to determine the effect of the strategic culture on the strategic preferences of the Ming decision makers. Finally, he assesses the effect of these preferences on Ming policies towards the Mongol "threat." The findings of this book challenge dominant interpretations of traditional Chinese strategic thought. They suggest also that the roots of realpolitik are ideational and not predominantly structural. The results lead to the surprising conclusion that there may be, in fact, fewer cross-national differences in strategic culture than proponents of the "strategic culture" approach think.

Chinese Strategic Culture and Foreign Policy Decision-Making

Author : Huiyun Feng
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134113722
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (341 download)

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Book Synopsis Chinese Strategic Culture and Foreign Policy Decision-Making by : Huiyun Feng

Download or read book Chinese Strategic Culture and Foreign Policy Decision-Making written by Huiyun Feng and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-06-11 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining the major academic and policy debates over China’s rise and related policy issues, this book looks into the motivations and intentions of a rising China. Most of the scholarly works on China’s rise approach the question at a structural level by looking at the international system and the systemic impact on China’s foreign policy. Traditional Realist theorists define China as a revisionist power eager to address wrongs done to them in history, whilst some cultural and historical analyses attest that China’s strategic culture has been offensive despite its weak material capability. Huiyun Feng’s path-breaking contribution to the debate tests these rival hypotheses by examining systematically the beliefs of contemporary Chinese leaders and their strategic interactions with other states since 1949 when the communist regime came to power. The focus is on tracing the historical roots of Chinese strategic culture and its links to the decision-making of six key Chinese leaders via their belief systems. Chinese Strategic Culture will be of interest to students of Chinese politics, foreign policy, strategic theory and international relations in general.

China and Strategic Culture

Author : Andrew Scobell
Publisher : Strategic Studies Institute U. S. Army War College
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis China and Strategic Culture by : Andrew Scobell

Download or read book China and Strategic Culture written by Andrew Scobell and published by Strategic Studies Institute U. S. Army War College. This book was released on 2002 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author examines the impact of strategic culture on 21st century China. He contends that the People's Republic of China's security policies and its tendency to use military force are influenced not only by elite understandings of China's own strategic tradition, but also by their understandings of the strategic cultures of other states. Gaining a fuller appreciation for how Chinese strategists view the United States and Japan, our key ally in the Asia-Pacific, will better enable us to assess regional and global security issues.

Harmony and War

Author : Yuan-kang Wang
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231522401
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Harmony and War by : Yuan-kang Wang

Download or read book Harmony and War written by Yuan-kang Wang and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-15 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Confucianism has shaped a certain perception of Chinese security strategy, symbolized by the defensive, nonaggressive Great Wall. Many believe China is antimilitary and reluctant to use force against its enemies. It practices pacifism and refrains from expanding its boundaries, even when nationally strong. In a path-breaking study traversing six centuries of Chinese history, Yuan-kang Wang resoundingly discredits this notion, recasting China as a practitioner of realpolitik and a ruthless purveyor of expansive grand strategies. Leaders of the Song Dynasty (960-1279) and Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) prized military force and shrewdly assessed the capabilities of China's adversaries. They adopted defensive strategies when their country was weak and pursued expansive goals, such as territorial acquisition, enemy destruction, and total military victory, when their country was strong. Despite the dominance of an antimilitarist Confucian culture, warfare was not uncommon in the bulk of Chinese history. Grounding his research in primary Chinese sources, Wang outlines a politics of power that are crucial to understanding China's strategies today, especially its policy of "peaceful development," which, he argues, the nation has adopted mainly because of its military, economic, and technological weakness in relation to the United States.

Deterrence and Strategic Culture

Author : Shu Guang Zhang
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501738135
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Deterrence and Strategic Culture by : Shu Guang Zhang

Download or read book Deterrence and Strategic Culture written by Shu Guang Zhang and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-30 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does strategic thinking on the question of deterrence vary between cultures? Should practitioners assume a common understanding of deterrence regardless of national and cultural differences? Shu Guang Zhang takes on these questions by exploring Sino-American confrontations between 1949 and 1958. Zhang draws on recently declassified U.S. documents and previously inaccessible Chinese Communist Party records to demonstrate that the Chinese and the Americans had vastly different assessments of each other's intentions, interests, threats, strengths, and policies during this period.

Strategic Asia 2013-14

Author : Ashley J. Tellis
Publisher : NBR
ISBN 13 : 1939131286
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategic Asia 2013-14 by : Ashley J. Tellis

Download or read book Strategic Asia 2013-14 written by Ashley J. Tellis and published by NBR. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2013-14 Strategic Asia volume examines the role of nuclear weapons in the grand strategies of key Asian states and assesses the impact of these capabilities—both established and latent—on regional and international stability. In each chapter, a leading expert explores the historical, strategic, and political factors that drive a country's calculations vis-a-vis nuclear weapons and draws implications for American interests.

Strategic Asia 2016-17

Author : Ashley J. Tellis
Publisher : NBR
ISBN 13 : 1939131464
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategic Asia 2016-17 by : Ashley J. Tellis

Download or read book Strategic Asia 2016-17 written by Ashley J. Tellis and published by NBR. This book was released on 2016-11-14 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strategic Asia 2016-17 examines how the region's major powers view international politics and the use of military force. In each chapter, a leading expert analyzes the ideological and historical sources of a country's strategic culture, how strategic culture informs the thinking of the country's policymakers, and how these understandings lead to decisions about the pursuit of strategic objectives and national power.

China’s War in Korea

Author : Xiaobing Li
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813296755
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis China’s War in Korea by : Xiaobing Li

Download or read book China’s War in Korea written by Xiaobing Li and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book re-visits the history of the Korean War of 1950-1953 from a Chinese perspective, examining Chinese strategy and exploring why China sent three million troops to Korea, in Mao’s words, to “defend the homeland and safeguard the country”—giving rise to what became the war’s common name in China. It also looks into the relatively neglected historical factors which have redefined China’s security concerns and strategic culture. Using newly available sources from China and the former Soviet Union, the book considers how interactive the parameters of defense changes were in a foreign war against Western powers, how flexible Chinese strategy was in the context of its intervention, and how expansive its strategic cultural repertoire was at the crucial moment to “defend the country.” Providing a re-examination of China’s military decisions and strategy evolution, this text narrates the story of successive generations of Chinese leaders and provides a key insight into security issues in China and Northeast Asia today.

The Long Game

Author : Rush Doshi
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197527876
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis The Long Game by : Rush Doshi

Download or read book The Long Game written by Rush Doshi and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-11 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than a century, no US adversary or coalition of adversaries - not Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, or the Soviet Union - has ever reached sixty percent of US GDP. China is the sole exception, and it is fast emerging into a global superpower that could rival, if not eclipse, the United States. What does China want, does it have a grand strategy to achieve it, and what should the United States do about it? In The Long Game, Rush Doshi draws from a rich base of Chinese primary sources, including decades worth of party documents, leaked materials, memoirs by party leaders, and a careful analysis of China's conduct to provide a history of China's grand strategy since the end of the Cold War. Taking readers behind the Party's closed doors, he uncovers Beijing's long, methodical game to displace America from its hegemonic position in both the East Asia regional and global orders through three sequential "strategies of displacement." Beginning in the 1980s, China focused for two decades on "hiding capabilities and biding time." After the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, it became more assertive regionally, following a policy of "actively accomplishing something." Finally, in the aftermath populist elections of 2016, China shifted to an even more aggressive strategy for undermining US hegemony, adopting the phrase "great changes unseen in century." After charting how China's long game has evolved, Doshi offers a comprehensive yet asymmetric plan for an effective US response. Ironically, his proposed approach takes a page from Beijing's own strategic playbook to undermine China's ambitions and strengthen American order without competing dollar-for-dollar, ship-for-ship, or loan-for-loan.

China's Strategic Culture

Author : Kenneth D. Johnson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781304886460
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (864 download)

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Book Synopsis China's Strategic Culture by : Kenneth D. Johnson

Download or read book China's Strategic Culture written by Kenneth D. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2014-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past 2 decades, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has made great gains in national development and economic growth and now stands as one of the most important states on the world scene. It is extremely important for U.S. policymakers to have a contextual understanding of what shapes Chinese thought and behavior thus driving Chinese political, economic, and military imperatives. With much of the American public accepting the "China Threat" theory, it is critical that the United States recognize the role of strategic culture in shaping China's domestic and external policies. This paper illustrates the key characteristics of Chinese strategic culture-philosophy, history, and domestic factors that, to a remarkable extent, structure the strategic objectives of China's formal foreign policy and explain how Chinese strategic interests are defined by modern Chinese pragmatic nationalism, its drive for modernization, and the desire for China to have a more prominent role in the Asian and world communities.

Chinese Strategy and Military Modernization in 2015

Author : Anthony H. Cordesman
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1442259019
Total Pages : 587 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Chinese Strategy and Military Modernization in 2015 by : Anthony H. Cordesman

Download or read book Chinese Strategy and Military Modernization in 2015 written by Anthony H. Cordesman and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2016-01-12 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China’s emergence as a global economic superpower, and as a major regional military power in Asia and the Pacific, has had a major impact on its relations with the United States and its neighbors. China was the driving factor in the new strategy the United States announced in 2012 that called for a “rebalance” of U.S. forces to the Asia-Pacific region. At the same time, China’s actions on its borders, in the East China Sea, and in the South China Sea have shown that it is steadily expanding its geopolitical role in the Pacific and having a steadily increasing impact on the strategy and military developments in other Asian powers.

China’s Grand Strategy Under Xi Jinping

Author : Niv Horesh
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000289273
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis China’s Grand Strategy Under Xi Jinping by : Niv Horesh

Download or read book China’s Grand Strategy Under Xi Jinping written by Niv Horesh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-29 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book attempts to identify change and continuity in PRC grand strategy, and the extent to which Chinese imperial history complicates PRC global outreach in the Xi Jinping era. Empires convey the wish to make the world a better place – even in the midst of oppression – and are eschatological in their rhetoric. However, empires that last longer have been more pragmatic in their grand strategy; sometimes appropriating the aura of past golden ages, and at other times learning from the mistakes of their predecessors. To date, Chinese strategic thinkers are preoccupied with learning lessons from the disintegration of the USSR and fascinated by the secrets of American power. Interdisciplinary in its reach, analysing grand strategy through both rhetoric and praxis, this book unpacks the Chinese world view through critical examination of the latest history textbooks currently in use in PRC middle schools. It also brings new evidence to bear on the debate in the West about Chinese strategic culture. Finally, it compares historical Japanese OFDI patterns with China in order to understand what makes the Chinese economy unique. China’s Grand Strategy Under Xi Jinping is aimed towards students and scholars of history, international business and wider Chinese studies.

Learning from the Stones

Author : David Lai
Publisher : Strategic Studies Institute
ISBN 13 : 158487158X
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (848 download)

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Book Synopsis Learning from the Stones by : David Lai

Download or read book Learning from the Stones written by David Lai and published by Strategic Studies Institute. This book was released on 2004 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

China’s Grand Strategy

Author : Andrew Scobell
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 1977404200
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (774 download)

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Book Synopsis China’s Grand Strategy by : Andrew Scobell

Download or read book China’s Grand Strategy written by Andrew Scobell and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2020-07-27 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To explore what extended competition between the United States and China might entail out to 2050, the authors of this report identified and characterized China’s grand strategy, analyzed its component national strategies (diplomacy, economics, science and technology, and military affairs), and assessed how successful China might be at implementing these over the next three decades.

Interpreting China's Grand Strategy

Author : Michael D. Swaine
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0833048309
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Interpreting China's Grand Strategy by : Michael D. Swaine

Download or read book Interpreting China's Grand Strategy written by Michael D. Swaine and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2000-03-22 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's continuing rapid economic growth and expanding involvement in global affairs pose major implications for the power structure of the international system. To more accurately and fully assess the significance of China's emergence for the United States and the global community, it is necessary to gain a more complete understanding of Chinese security thought and behavior. This study addresses such questions as: What are China's most fundamental national security objectives? How has the Chinese state employed force and diplomacy in the pursuit of these objectives over the centuries? What security strategy does China pursue today and how will it evolve in the future? The study asserts that Chinese history, the behavior of earlier rising powers, and the basic structure and logic of international power relations all suggest that, although a strong China will likely become more assertive globally, this possibility is unlikely to emerge before 2015-2020 at the earliest. To handle this situation, the study argues that the United States should adopt a policy of realistic engagement with China that combines efforts to pursue cooperation whenever possible; to prevent, if necessary, the acquisition by China of capabilities that would threaten America's core national security interests; and to remain prepared to cope with the consequences of a more assertive China.

Deciphering Sun Tzu

Author : Derek M. C. Yuen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190257113
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Deciphering Sun Tzu by : Derek M. C. Yuen

Download or read book Deciphering Sun Tzu written by Derek M. C. Yuen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-01-11 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the People's Republic's seemingly inexorable rise to economic and military power continues, never has the need for a better grasp of Chinese strategic thought by the West been more acute. In Deciphering Sun Tzu, Derek Yuen seeks to reclaim for the reader the hidden contours and lost Chinese and Taoist contexts of Sun Tzu's renowned treatise The Art of War, a literary classic and arguably one of the most influential books ever written. He also explains its historical, philosophical, strategic, and cross-cultural significance. His comprehensive analysis of Sun Tzu, based on a close reading of the Chinese sources, also reconstructs the philosophy, Taoist methodology and worldview that effectively form the cornerstones of Chinese strategic thinking, which are arguably as relevant today as at any moment in history. Yuen's innovative reading and analysis of Sun Tzu within and from a Chinese context is a new way of approaching the strategic master's main concepts, which he compares with those of Clausewitz, Liddell-Hart and other Western strategists. Deciphering Sun Tzu offers illuminating analysis and contextualization of The Art of War in a manner that has long been sought by Western readers and opens new means of getting to grips with Chinese strategic thought.

Global China

Author : Tarun Chhabra
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815739176
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis Global China by : Tarun Chhabra

Download or read book Global China written by Tarun Chhabra and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2021-06-22 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global implications of China's rise as a global actor In 2005, a senior official in the George W. Bush administration expressed the hope that China would emerge as a “responsible stakeholder” on the world stage. A dozen years later, the Trump administration dramatically shifted course, instead calling China a “strategic competitor” whose actions routinely threaten U.S. interests. Both assessments reflected an underlying truth: China is no longer just a “rising” power. It has emerged as a truly global actor, both economically and militarily. Every day its actions affect nearly every region and every major issue, from climate change to trade, from conflict in troubled lands to competition over rules that will govern the uses of emerging technologies. To better address the implications of China's new status, both for American policy and for the broader international order, Brookings scholars conducted research over the past two years, culminating in a project: Global China: Assessing China's Growing Role in the World. The project is intended to furnish policy makers and the public with hard facts and deep insights for understanding China's regional and global ambitions. The initiative draws not only on Brookings's deep bench of China and East Asia experts, but also on the tremendous breadth of the institution's security, strategy, regional studies, technological, and economic development experts. Areas of focus include the evolution of China's domestic institutions; great power relations; the emergence of critical technologies; Asian security; China's influence in key regions beyond Asia; and China's impact on global governance and norms. Global China: Assessing China's Growing Role in the World provides the most current, broad-scope, and fact-based assessment of the implications of China's rise for the United States and the rest of the world.