Characterizing The Greenhouse Gas Impacts Of Natural Gas Resources

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Characterizing the Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Natural Gas Resources

Author : Jeffrey Scott Rutherford
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterizing the Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Natural Gas Resources by : Jeffrey Scott Rutherford

Download or read book Characterizing the Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Natural Gas Resources written by Jeffrey Scott Rutherford and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greenhouse gas emissions from oil and natural gas production will need to be reduced as society transitions to a renewable energy economy and production declines. However, the energy system has significant inertia: even in a world meeting 1.5 oC of warming targets, natural gas consumption is estimated to be 50% of 2020 levels in 2050. Previous research has shown that significant differences can exist in production emissions between different fossil fuel resources, and thus it is critical to develop metrics to minimize emissions during the energy transition. Based on an updated synthesis of measurements from component-level field studies, in Chapter 2 we develop a new inventory-based model for CH4 emissions, for the production-segment only, that agrees within error with recent syntheses of site-level field studies and allows for isolation of equipment-level contributions. We find that unintentional emissions from liquid storage tanks and other equipment leaks are the largest contributors to divergence with the US EPA Greenhouse Gas Inventory. If our proposed method were adopted in the United States and other jurisdictions, inventory estimates could better guide CH4 mitigation policy priorities. In Chapter 3, we calculate life-cycle emissions for natural gas production in the United States at the producing-county level. Results are aggregated and reported by basin. The bottom-up model from Chapter 2 is combined with an open-source life-cycle emissions calculator. We find that in both gas and oil rich basins, carbon intensity of the produced gas is dominated by methane emissions in all cases except when there is exceptionally high flaring. For dry gas fields (such as the Appalachian basin), carbon intensity is dominated by equipment leaks and pneumatic device venting. For mixed and oil dominant fields (such as the Williston basin), carbon intensity of the produced gas is dominated by tank emissions and flaring. We demonstrate that allocation choices (i.e., whether particular emission sources are assigned to oil and/or gas) have a large impact on the resulting carbon intensity. In Chapter 4, we perform a single-blind evaluation of the quantification capabilities of three aerial, airplane-based technologies (Bridger's Gas Mapping LiDAR, Carbon Mapper's Global Airborne Observatory, and GHGSat-AV) in blinded, controlled release trials with a focus on large emitters (10-2,000+ kg hr-1 CH4). In two 2021 campaigns, metered natural gas was released concurrently with overpasses by the tested technologies. Results were submitted by operators in a three-stage unblinding process. Detection rates of non-zero releases were 100%, 85%, and 86% for Bridger, Carbon Mapper, and GHGSat, respectively. The teams report parity slopes of 0.35 to 1.06, with R2 values of 0.35-0.78. We discuss implications for measurement methods and practical emissions reductions.

Characterization of Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Unconventional Oil and Natural Gas Resources

Author : Jacob G. Englander
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Unconventional Oil and Natural Gas Resources by : Jacob G. Englander

Download or read book Characterization of Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Unconventional Oil and Natural Gas Resources written by Jacob G. Englander and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the need for addressing the impacts of climate change has become more urgent, the primary focus in the scientific and engineering disciplines has been on reducing the combustion of fossil fuels through clean energy technology development. Simultaneously, there has been rapid development of unconventional fossil fuels such as tight oil and oil sands, especially in the United States and Canada. The development of these resources raises considerable obstacles to the challenge of reducing emissions. As nations realize the need for climate action and begin to transition a low-carbon energy sources, there is considerable inertia in the legacy fossil-fuel-reliant energy infrastructure. In the near-to medium-term a climate-conscious approach is needed to reduce emissions from existing infrastructure. Toward this end, this work investigates the greenhouse gas impacts of unconventional fossil fuel production. We first investigate the Alberta oil sands where we examine the historical trends in life-cycle greenhouse gas intensity of production utilizing industrial data. We show that the emissions intensity for oil sands production decreased from being close to two times greater than a modern conventional crude oil to roughly twenty percent greater. From this initial work, we utilized this operator-provided data to develop a life-cycle energy intensity model for the four most common fuel pathways in modern oil sands production. This model is both more comprehensive and more robust than prior work on oil sands emissions intensity, largely due to innovations we make in leveraging government-reported data to estimate emissions. We show that the energy intensity of oil sands production ranges from 0.08 to 0.41 GJ fuel consumed/GJ oil produced, varying by pathway. This work was integrated into the US Federal Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation Model (GREET) developed by Argonne National Laboratory. Next, we examine vented and fugitive emissions of hydrocarbon gas from production facilities in the Bakken oil field of North Dakota. These emissions, due to the high global warming potential (GWP) of methane (CH¬4) -- the primary component of produced gas -- are a large source of uncertainty for quantifying the greenhouse gas intensity of these resources. We conducted two studies which utilize Optical Gas Imaging (OGI) to evaluate the persistence of hydrocarbon emissions over time: 1) a helicopter survey which follows up on a previous study and examines the year-to-year trends in emissions-emitting sites, and 2) a ground-based survey where > 100 sites were visited regularly over the course of a year. Both of these studies demonstrate very high rates of persistence of emitting (as well as non-emitting) sites over the course of the study time-frame. These results strongly suggest that emissions are not random or intermittent, but instead due to long-term operational or design problems in the production, gathering, or transportation infrastructure.

Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309470501
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-08-25 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding, quantifying, and tracking atmospheric methane and emissions is essential for addressing concerns and informing decisions that affect the climate, economy, and human health and safety. Atmospheric methane is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) that contributes to global warming. While carbon dioxide is by far the dominant cause of the rise in global average temperatures, methane also plays a significant role because it absorbs more energy per unit mass than carbon dioxide does, giving it a disproportionately large effect on global radiative forcing. In addition to contributing to climate change, methane also affects human health as a precursor to ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere. Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States summarizes the current state of understanding of methane emissions sources and the measurement approaches and evaluates opportunities for methodological and inventory development improvements. This report will inform future research agendas of various U.S. agencies, including NOAA, the EPA, the DOE, NASA, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the National Science Foundation (NSF).

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Author : Narasinha Shurpali
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 981133272X
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Greenhouse Gas Emissions by : Narasinha Shurpali

Download or read book Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by Narasinha Shurpali and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-31 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the exchange of greenhouse gases in various ecosystems, biomes and climatic zones, and discusses the measurement, modelling and processes involved in these exchange dynamics. It reflects the growing body of knowledge on the characterization, feedback processes and interaction of greenhouse gases with ecosystems and the impact of human activities. Offering a compilation of selected case studies prepared by international researchers working in the field, it represents a valuable resource for researchers and students alike.

Wildland Fires and Air Pollution

Author : Andrzej Bytnerowicz
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080560490
Total Pages : 687 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Wildland Fires and Air Pollution by : Andrzej Bytnerowicz

Download or read book Wildland Fires and Air Pollution written by Andrzej Bytnerowicz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-10-06 with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction between smoke and air pollution creates a public health challenge. Fuels treatments proposed for National Forests are intended to reduce fuel accumulations and wildfire frequency and severity, as well as to protect property located in the wild land-urban interface. However, prescribed fires produce gases and aerosols that have instantaneous and long-term effects on air quality. If fuels treatment are not conducted, however, then wild land fires become more severe and frequent causing worse public health and wellfare effects. A better understanding of air pollution and smoke interactions is needed in order to protect the public health and allow for socially and ecologically acceptable use of fire as a management tool. Wildland Fires and Air Pollution offers such an understanding and examines innovative wide-scale monitoring efforts (field and remotely sensed), and development of models predicting spatial and temporal distribution of air pollution and smoke resulting from forests fires and other sources. - Collaborative effort of an international team of scientists - High quality of invited chapters - Full colour

Strategic Advances in Environmental Impact Assessment

Author : Afsoon Moatari Kazerouni
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781536144345
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategic Advances in Environmental Impact Assessment by : Afsoon Moatari Kazerouni

Download or read book Strategic Advances in Environmental Impact Assessment written by Afsoon Moatari Kazerouni and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shale gas is natural gas that is tightly locked within low permeability sedimentary rock. Recent technological advances are making shale gas reserves increasingly accessible and their recovery more economically feasible. This resource is already being exploited in South Africa, China, the United States and Canada. Shale gas is being produced in large volumes, and will likely be developed in coming years on every continent except Antarctica. Depending on factors such as future natural gas prices and government regulations, further development of shale gas resources could potentially span many decades and involve the drilling of tens of thousands of hydraulically fractured horizontal wells.This development is changing long-held expectations about oil and gas resource availability; several observers have characterized it as a game changer. Abundant, close to major markets, and relatively inexpensive to produce, shale gas represents a major new source of fossil energy. However, the rapid expansion of shale gas development over the past decade has occurred without a corresponding investment in monitoring and research addressing the impacts on the environment, public health, and communities. The primary concerns are the degradation of the quality of groundwater and surface water (including the safe disposal of large volumes of wastewater); the risk of increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (including fugitive methane emissions during and after production), thus exacerbating anthropogenic climate change; disruptive effects on communities and land; and adverse effects on to human health. Other concerns include the local release of air contaminants and the potential for triggering small- to moderate-sized earthquakes in seismically active areas. These concerns will vary by region. The shale gas regions can be found near urban areas, presenting a large diversity in their geology, hydrology, land uses, and population density. The phrase environmental impacts from shale gas development masks many regional differences that are essential to understanding these impacts.

Temporal Aspects in Evaluating the Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Benefits of Using Residues from Forest Products Manufacturing Facilities for Energy Production

Download Temporal Aspects in Evaluating the Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Benefits of Using Residues from Forest Products Manufacturing Facilities for Energy Production PDF Online Free

Author : Caroline Gaudreault
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Temporal Aspects in Evaluating the Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Benefits of Using Residues from Forest Products Manufacturing Facilities for Energy Production by : Caroline Gaudreault

Download or read book Temporal Aspects in Evaluating the Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Benefits of Using Residues from Forest Products Manufacturing Facilities for Energy Production written by Caroline Gaudreault and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods for carbon footprinting typically combine all emissions into a single result, representing the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) over the life cycle. The timing of GHG impacts, however, has become a matter of significant interest. In this study, two approaches are used to characterize the timing of GHG emission impacts associated with the production of energy from various biomass residues produced by the forest products industry. The first approach accounts for the timing of emissions and characterizes the impact using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 100-year global warming potentials (GWPs). The second is a dynamic carbon footprint approach that considers the timing of the GHG emissions, their fate in the atmosphere, and the associated radiative forcing as a function of time. The two approaches generally yield estimates of cumulative impacts over 100 years that differ by less than 5%. The timing of impacts, however, can be significantly affected by the approach used to characterize radiative forcing. For instance, the time required to see net benefits from a system using woody mill residues (e.g., bark and sawdust) is estimated to be 1.2 years when using a fully dynamic approach, compared to 7.5 years when using 100-year GWPs, with the differences being primarily attributable to methane (CH). The results obtained for a number of different biomass residue types from forest products manufacturing highlight the importance of using a fully dynamic approach when studying the timing of emissions impacts in cases where emissions are distributed over time or where CH is a significant contributor to the emissions.

The Greenhouse Gas Protocol

Author :
Publisher : World Business Pub.
ISBN 13 : 9781569735688
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis The Greenhouse Gas Protocol by :

Download or read book The Greenhouse Gas Protocol written by and published by World Business Pub.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.

Atmospheric Emissions and Air Quality Impacts of Natural Gas Production from Shale Formations

Author : Daniel Zavala Araiza
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 944 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Atmospheric Emissions and Air Quality Impacts of Natural Gas Production from Shale Formations by : Daniel Zavala Araiza

Download or read book Atmospheric Emissions and Air Quality Impacts of Natural Gas Production from Shale Formations written by Daniel Zavala Araiza and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural gas is at the core of the energy supply and security debates; new extraction technologies, such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, have expanded natural gas production. As with any energy system, however, natural gas has an environmental footprint and this thesis examines the air quality impacts of natural gas production. Greenhouse gas (GHG), criteria pollutant, and toxic emissions from natural gas production have been subject to a great amount of uncertainty, largely due to limited measurements of emission rates from key sources. This thesis reports direct and indirect measurements of emissions, assessing the spatial and temporal distributions of emissions, as well as the role of very high emitting wells and high emitting sources in determining national emissions. Direct measurements are used to identify, characterize and classify the most important sources of continuous and episodic emissions, and to analyze mitigation opportunities. Methods are proposed and demonstrated for reconciling these direct measurements of emissions from sources with measurements of ambient concentrations. Collectively, the direct source measurements, and analyses of ambient air pollutant measurements in natural gas production regions reported in this work improve the estimation, characterization, and methods for monitoring air quality implications of shale gas production.

Carbon and Nitrogen in the Terrestrial Environment

Author : R. Nieder
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402084331
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Carbon and Nitrogen in the Terrestrial Environment by : R. Nieder

Download or read book Carbon and Nitrogen in the Terrestrial Environment written by R. Nieder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-30 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon and Nitrogen in the Terrestrial Environment is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary description of C and N fluxes between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere; issues related to C and N management in different ecosystems and their implications for the environment and global climate change; and the approaches to mitigate emission of greenhouse gases. Drawing upon the most up-to-date books, journals, bulletins, reports, symposia proceedings and internet sources documenting interrelationships between different aspects of C and N cycling in the terrestrial environment, Carbon and Nitrogen in the Terrestrial Environment fills the gap left by most of the currently available books on C and N cycling. They either deal with a single element of an ecosystem, or are related to one or a few selected aspects like soil organic matter (SOM) and agricultural or forest management, emission of greenhouse gases, global climate change or modeling of SOM dynamics.

Greenhouse Gases

Author : Julie Kerr Casper
Publisher : Infobase Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0816072647
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Greenhouse Gases by : Julie Kerr Casper

Download or read book Greenhouse Gases written by Julie Kerr Casper and published by Infobase Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers varying opinions on greenhouse gases, discussing their sources, effect on the environment, role in global warming, and how they can be curbed.

Climate Stabilization Targets

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309208939
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Stabilization Targets by : National Research Council

Download or read book Climate Stabilization Targets written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-02-11 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emissions of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels have ushered in a new epoch where human activities will largely determine the evolution of Earth's climate. Because carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is long lived, it can effectively lock the Earth and future generations into a range of impacts, some of which could become very severe. Emissions reductions decisions made today matter in determining impacts experienced not just over the next few decades, but in the coming centuries and millennia. According to Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts Over Decades to Millennia, important policy decisions can be informed by recent advances in climate science that quantify the relationships between increases in carbon dioxide and global warming, related climate changes, and resulting impacts, such as changes in streamflow, wildfires, crop productivity, extreme hot summers, and sea level rise. One way to inform these choices is to consider the projected climate changes and impacts that would occur if greenhouse gases in the atmosphere were stabilized at a particular concentration level. The book quantifies the outcomes of different stabilization targets for greenhouse gas concentrations using analyses and information drawn from the scientific literature. Although it does not recommend or justify any particular stabilization target, it does provide important scientific insights about the relationships among emissions, greenhouse gas concentrations, temperatures, and impacts. Climate Stabilization Targets emphasizes the importance of 21st century choices regarding long-term climate stabilization. It is a useful resource for scientists, educators and policy makers, among others.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Author : Michael See
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540678892
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (788 download)

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Book Synopsis Greenhouse Gas Emissions by : Michael See

Download or read book Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by Michael See and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book principally addresses climate change and describes the remedial strategies for developing countries based on the 'Clean Development Mechanism' of the 'Kyoto Protocol'. It provides a very comprehensive account of the array of proposals and economic instruments devised by the international community - including the Joint Implementation and Emissions Trading initiatives of the Protocol - to abate global warming. The effects of other major atmospheric, land and water pollutants from industries and domestic sources are also covered.

Climate Change Science: High Quality Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data are a Cornerstone of Programs to Address Climate Change

Author : John Stephenson
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437913938
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change Science: High Quality Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data are a Cornerstone of Programs to Address Climate Change by : John Stephenson

Download or read book Climate Change Science: High Quality Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data are a Cornerstone of Programs to Address Climate Change written by John Stephenson and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-06 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elevated levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the resulting effects on the earth's climate could have significant impacts in the U.S. and internationally. The U.S. Congress is considering proposals to limit greenhouse gas emissions using market-based mechanisms that would place a price on emissions. A greenhouse gas mitigation program requires an understanding of the emissions sources of 6 major greenhouse gases -- carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and several synthetic gases. This testimony focuses on: (1) the importance of quality data on emissions in the context of a program intended to limit greenhouse gas emissions; and (2) key considerations in developing reliable data on greenhouse gas emissions. Illus.

Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Declining Hydrocarbon Resource Quality

Author : Adam Robert Brandt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 622 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Declining Hydrocarbon Resource Quality by : Adam Robert Brandt

Download or read book Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Declining Hydrocarbon Resource Quality written by Adam Robert Brandt and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming

Author : National Academy of Engineering
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309043867
Total Pages : 945 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming by : National Academy of Engineering

Download or read book Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming written by National Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 945 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global warming continues to gain importance on the international agenda and calls for action are heightening. Yet, there is still controversy over what must be done and what is needed to proceed. Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming describes the information necessary to make decisions about global warming resulting from atmospheric releases of radiatively active trace gases. The conclusions and recommendations include some unexpected results. The distinguished authoring committee provides specific advice for U.S. policy and addresses the need for an international response to potential greenhouse warming. It offers a realistic view of gaps in the scientific understanding of greenhouse warming and how much effort and expense might be required to produce definitive answers. The book presents methods for assessing options to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, offset emissions, and assist humans and unmanaged systems of plants and animals to adjust to the consequences of global warming.

Technologies for Green House Gas Assessment in Crop Studies

Author : Dinesh Chandra Uprety
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811602042
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Technologies for Green House Gas Assessment in Crop Studies by : Dinesh Chandra Uprety

Download or read book Technologies for Green House Gas Assessment in Crop Studies written by Dinesh Chandra Uprety and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global climate change is one of the most serious threats to the environment of the earth and to the crop production. Crop’s vulnerability to climate change stress caused by the greenhouse gases emission is a serious concern. This book describes various technologies and methods including the simulation of the future climate changes, studying the response of crop plants and characterizing their responses physiologically and biochemically. It includes the latest information of protocols and technologies for climate change research on agriculture. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, climate change scientists, capacity builders and policymakers. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences. National and international agricultural scientists, policy makers will also find this to be a useful read.