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Characterization Of Semi Volatile Organic Compounds And Volatile Organic Compounds From Vented Landfills
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Book Synopsis Characterization of Semi-volatile Organic Compounds and Volatile Organic Compounds from Vented Landfills by : Renata Mortazavi
Download or read book Characterization of Semi-volatile Organic Compounds and Volatile Organic Compounds from Vented Landfills written by Renata Mortazavi and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds from Oil and Natural Gas Emissions in North America by : Josette Elizabeth Marrero
Download or read book Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds from Oil and Natural Gas Emissions in North America written by Josette Elizabeth Marrero and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emissions of hydrocarbons associated with oil and natural gas infrastructure are of current significant interest to atmospheric scientists. Studies aim to address the local and regional air quality impacts of oil and gas operations throughout North America. In Fort McMurray, multiple facilities mine and upgrade crude bitumen. The 0́−Industrial Heartland0́+ in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta is Canada0́9s largest hydrocarbon processing center, home to over 40 chemical and petrochemical facilities. Ambient samples collected in both regions during the summer of 2010 revealed significant enhancements in over 40 VOCs. Many of these measured values were similar to or greater than some of the world0́9s largest urban and industrial centers. The primary sources of these VOCs included propene fractionation, diluent separation, and bitumen processing facilities. Hydroxyl radical reactivity (ROH) was calculated in each region as a measure of ozone formation potential. On average, background samples had a ROH of 4.4 s−1, while industrial plumes averaged 9.2 s-1, with reactivity reaching up to 60 s−1, in the most concentrated plumes. Acetaldehyde, propene, and 1,3-butadiene had the largest contributions to the ROH values. The Barnett Shale of northern Texas is one of the most developed and active natural gas shale plays in the United States. Emissions from the many oil and gas system components in the region have not been fully characterized. Whole air samples were collected throughout the region in October 2013, targeting known methane sources. Hydrocarbon mixing ratios, correlation plots, and stable isotopes were used to discern emission signatures for thermogenic (oil and gas) versus biogenic sources of methane. Ratios of ethane and propane to methane were distinct for each source type, although highly variable, and used to characterize natural gas as either wet or dry. Integration of these ratios into a bottom-up methane emissions inventory for the region predicted a median ethane flux of 5500 kg C2H6 hr−1, which was consistent with top-down estimates. Lastly, the impact of emissions on local photochemistry and a statistical source apportionment suggested that thermogenic sources are responsible for nearly 70% of hydroxyl reactivity, matching the 64-72% predicted by the CH4 inventory. Overall, oil and natural gas activities were the dominant source of CH4 in the Barnett Shale region. In addition to their influence on air quality and climate, VOCs emitted from oil and natural gas operations are of concern because of their potential health risks. Compounds such as 1,3-butadiene and benzene are hazardous air pollutants and known cancer-causing agents. In the communities closest to the Industrial Heartland, a 13-year record revealed a higher rate of male hematopoietic cancers than other communities in Alberta. The industrial emissions cannot directly be linked to cancer rates, but the elevated VOC concentrations in the region warrant further monitoring and research. In the Barnett Shale, oil and wet natural gas emit increased amounts of potentially harmful gases, including benzene. Using two methods, benzene emission estimates were calculated for the region, and ranged from 48 ℗ł 16 to 84 ℗ł 26 kg C6H6 hr−1.
Book Synopsis Volatile Organic Compounds in the Environment by : Wun-cheng Wang
Download or read book Volatile Organic Compounds in the Environment written by Wun-cheng Wang and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1996 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers delivered at the symposium of the same name, April 1994, by speakers from seven nations. Twenty presentations are arranged under six topics: regulation and assessment, air quality, environmental fate, environmental measurement, environmental monitoring, and control and remediation. A sampling
Book Synopsis Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere by : Ralf Koppmann
Download or read book Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere written by Ralf Koppmann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every day, large quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted into the atmosphere from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The formation of gaseous and particulate secondary products caused by oxidation of VOCs is one of the largest unknowns in the quantitative prediction of the earth’s climate on a regional and global scale, and on the understanding of local air quality. To be able to model and control their impact, it is essential to understand the sources of VOCs, their distribution in the atmosphere and the chemical transformations which remove these compounds from the atmosphere. In recent years techniques for the analysis of organic compounds in the atmosphere have been developed to increase the spectrum of detectable compounds and their detection limits. New methods have been introduced to increase the time resolution of those measurements and to resolve more complex mixtures of organic compounds. Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere describes the current state of knowledge of the chemistry of VOCs as well as the methods and techniques to analyse gaseous and particulate organic compounds in the atmosphere. The aim is to provide an authoritative review to address the needs of both graduate students and active researchers in the field of atmospheric chemistry research.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Semi-volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from the Point Aconi Coal-fired Power Plant, Point Aconi, Nova Scotia by : Renata Mortazavi
Download or read book Characterization of Semi-volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from the Point Aconi Coal-fired Power Plant, Point Aconi, Nova Scotia written by Renata Mortazavi and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of the Degradation of Semi-volatile Organic Compounds and the Application to the EPA Holding-time Limit by : Nicole Diane Villiere
Download or read book Analysis of the Degradation of Semi-volatile Organic Compounds and the Application to the EPA Holding-time Limit written by Nicole Diane Villiere and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recovery of Semi-volatile Organic Compounds During Sample Preparation by :
Download or read book Recovery of Semi-volatile Organic Compounds During Sample Preparation written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semi-volatile compounds present special analytical challenges not met by conventional methods for analysis of ambient particulate matter (PM). Accurate quantification of PM-associated organic compounds requires validation of the laboratory procedures for recovery over a wide volatility and polarity range. To meet these challenges, solutions of n-alkanes (nC12 to nC40) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs (naphthalene to benzo[ghi]perylene) were reduced in volume from a solvent mixture (equal volumes of hexane, dichloromethane and methanol), to examine recovery after reduction in volume. When the extract solution volume reached 0.5 mL the solvent was entirely methanol, and the recovery averaged 60% for n-alkanes nC12 to nC25 and PAHs from naphthalene to chrysene. Recovery of higher MW compounds decreased with MW, because of their insolubility in methanol. When the walls of the flasks were washed with 1 mL of equal parts hexane and dichloromethane (to reconstruct the original solvent composition), the recovery of nC1 and higher MW compounds increased dramatically, up to 100% for nC22-nC32 and then slowly decreasing with MW due to insolubility. To examine recovery during extraction of the components of the High Capacity Integrated Gas and Particle Sampler, the same standards were used to spike its denuders and filters. For XAD-4 coated denuders and filters, normalized recovery was> 95% after two extractions. Recovery from spiked quartz filters matched the recovery from the coated surfaces for alkanes nC1 and larger, and for fluoranthene and larger PAHs. Lower MW compounds evaporated from the quartz filter with the spiking solvent. This careful approach allowed quantification of organics by correcting for volatility- and solubility-related sample preparation losses. This method is illustrated for an ambient sample collected with this sampler during the Texas Air Quality Study 2000.
Book Synopsis Characterization of the Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Polymer-based Consumer Products by : Morgane Even
Download or read book Characterization of the Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Polymer-based Consumer Products written by Morgane Even and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Progress in Volatile Organic Compounds Research by : Igor Jerković
Download or read book Progress in Volatile Organic Compounds Research written by Igor Jerković and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been intensively investigated in the last few decades. Their origins differ: plant secondary metabolites, food/beverages aromas, fungal/bacterial volatiles, and others. VOCs typically occur as complex mixtures of compounds (e.g., monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, norisoprenoids, aliphatic/aromatic compounds, sulfur containing compounds, and others). They form through different biochemical pathways and can be modified or created during drying or maturation, thermal treatment, and others. Different conventional or modern methods of VOCs isolation, followed by the analysis with chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, usually provide different chemical profiles and have been under constant modification and upgrading. The ecological interactions are mediated by VOCs (inter- and intra-organismic communication) and they can act as pheromones, attractants, or alleochemicals. Among them, chemical biomarkers of botanical origin or chemotaxonomic markers may be found. Many VOCs possess different biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, and other activities. VOCs research from different sources is required to report their distribution and chemical profiles, and to discover new compounds. This Special Issue aims to attract up-to-date contributions on all aspects of VOCs chemistry, from challenges in their isolation to analysis, and on unlocking their biological activities or other useful properties
Book Synopsis Monitoring and Analysis of Semi-volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air by : Marina Nkhalong Ketsise
Download or read book Monitoring and Analysis of Semi-volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air written by Marina Nkhalong Ketsise and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantitative Analysis of Volatile and Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Air with Solid Phase Microextraction by : Abir Khaled
Download or read book Quantitative Analysis of Volatile and Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Air with Solid Phase Microextraction written by Abir Khaled and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Volatile Organic Compounds by : Jonathan C. Hanks
Download or read book Volatile Organic Compounds written by Jonathan C. Hanks and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) refers to organic chemical compounds which have significant vapour pressures. This book presents current research in volatile organic compounds, including the effect of transition metals on the reductive dechlorination of COCs by iron-bearing soil minerals; photocatalytic degradtion of VOC gases using a short wavelength UV light and water droplets; catalytic incineration of VOCs; transport of VOCs in polymers; sources and elimination of VOCs and in-vivo analysis of palm wine VOCs by proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds at Swine Facilities in Eastern North Carolina by :
Download or read book Characterization of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds at Swine Facilities in Eastern North Carolina written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A total of 110 samples of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were collected and analyzed in a field study to characterize such compounds emitted at six swine facilities in Eastern North Carolina between April 2002 and March 2003 as part of the Project OPEN (Odors, Pathogens, and Emissions of Nitrogen). Two baseline sites employed conventional lagoon and field spray technologies while four sites utilized various alternative 'Environmentally Superior Technologies' (ESTs) in an effort to substantially reduce gaseous compound emissions, odor, and pathogens from these swine facilities. More than 200 compounds, including various paraffins, alkynes, aromatics, esters, ethers, monoterpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, monoterpenes, halogenated hydrocarbons, phenols, and sulfides were identified and quantified by Gas Chromatographic/Flame Ionization Detection (GC/FID) analysis as well as confirmed and/or verified by Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). GC/MS analysis of three particularly complex samples collected at one site assisted in providing identification and retention times for more than 20 sulfur type volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide as well as many other VOCs. Carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide were positively identified by GC/MS analysis but were not identified by GC/FID due to their particular compound characteristics. The results of these samples were subsequently used as a source fingerprint to identify and/or verify these compounds in all other samples collected. Overall, the highest VOC concentration levels measured at each of the sites were in close proximity to the hog barns. The total measured VOCs at the hog barns were typically dominated by ethanol, methanol, acetaldehyde, and acetone. The combined overall contribution of these compounds in relation to total measured VOCs generally ranged from 46-94%. The highest concentration levels of both dimethyl.
Book Synopsis EPA Publications Bibliography by : United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Download or read book EPA Publications Bibliography written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Non-methane Volatile Organic Compounds at Swine Facilities in Eastern North Carolina by : Jessica Blunden
Download or read book Characterization of Non-methane Volatile Organic Compounds at Swine Facilities in Eastern North Carolina written by Jessica Blunden and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: VOCs, swine, malodors, ESTs.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds in a Public Building by : Mark K. Fleet
Download or read book Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds in a Public Building written by Mark K. Fleet and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Volatile Organic Compound Analysis in Biomedical Diagnosis Applications by : Taylor & Francis Group
Download or read book Volatile Organic Compound Analysis in Biomedical Diagnosis Applications written by Taylor & Francis Group and published by Apple Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-03-31 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a thought-provoking state-of-the-art picture of how volatile compounds are used in metabolomics, currently a hot topic in the metabolomics field. It provides a thorough description of what volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are, why they are important in biomedicine, and what the analytical platforms are used. It also looks at multivariate analysis and databases needs. Because VOCs are end-up compounds of metabolic processes, volatiles can be linked to different diseases or pathologies for both diagnosis and prognosis. The authors provide authoritative information and guidance on the analytical and statistical techniques used and how to identify, and they review the main current areas of application, which include breath metabolomics, cancer diagnosis, and microbial volatiles. Key Features: Presents a thorough overview of volatile research in biomedical applications Examines both gold standard techniques (metabolomics based) and artificial olfactory systems Reviews all aspects of volatile metabolites in biomedicine research, from origin to detection platforms Describes relevant diseases diagnosis and prognosis achievements, including cancer
