Characterization Of Residue From Direct Coal Liquefaction And Determination Of Its Potential Applicability As A Source Of Fuel

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Characterization of Residue from Direct Coal Liquefaction and Determination of Its Potential Applicability as a Source of Fuel

Author : Nitya Iyer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (918 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of Residue from Direct Coal Liquefaction and Determination of Its Potential Applicability as a Source of Fuel by : Nitya Iyer

Download or read book Characterization of Residue from Direct Coal Liquefaction and Determination of Its Potential Applicability as a Source of Fuel written by Nitya Iyer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct coal liquefaction is a technology for producing liquid products from coal. One of the by-products from this process is coal liquefaction residue, which is remaining coal that was not converted to liquid products during the liquefaction process. The residue is enriched in mineral matter and the organic content is more refractory.The objective of our work was to characterize the residue produced under different DCL operating conditions and to evaluate the performance of the residue as a feed for gasifcation and combustion. The feed to the direct coal liquefaction process was Canadian sub-bituminous Coal Valley (CV) coal. The industrial solvents employed were hydrotreated (under N2 and H2) and non-hydrotreated poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (under N2). Different residues were obtained from the process, conducted at four different temperatures ranging from 300-450 C in an autoclave reactor (0.25 L) at an initial pressure of 20 bar. Coal liquid yields obtained for liquefaction using hydrotreated solvent were found to be much better, under the same operating conditions. Thus, effect of solvent and temperature in coal liquefaction is discussed briefly. The residues were further characterized for their mineral composition, organic content and particle sizes using various standard techniques: Thermogravimetic analyser (TGA), elemental analyser, mastersizer, FTIR spectrometer, X-ray fluorescence, surface area analyser. A great deal of variation in the chemical and physical composition of the residues were observed and found to be closely related to the efficiency of the process. In order to further investigate the potential applicability of liquefaction residues as a feedstock for boilers and gasifiers, the residues from the Coal Valley sub-bituminous coal liquefaction in hydrotreated solvent (N2) were gasified in a TGA. This proved to be a useful platform for comparison of the reactivity of the residues with that of raw coal. The kinetic parameters for the process were also determined under isothermal gasification conditions at temperatures 800 C, 950 C and 1000 C under O2 and at 950 C, 1000 C and 1100 C under CO2. Further, in order to determine the practical applicability of the coal residues as boiler feed, an entrained flow reactor (drop tube furnace) was employed to test the conversion efficiency of the residues. Though higher carbon conversion were found for residues, compared to raw coal, similar concerns due to ash-slagging would be prevalent for both cases.

Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Topical Report

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Topical Report by :

Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Topical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This literature survey was conducted to address an important question: What are the methods available in the realm of analytical chemistry that may have potential usefulness to the development of coal liquefaction technology? In an attempt to answer to that question, the emphasis of this survey was directed at analytical techniques which would be applicable to the high molecular weight, non-distillable residue of coal-derived liquids. It is this material which is most problematic to the analytical investigator and the developer of direct coal liquefaction processes. A number of comprehensive analytical reviews of literature dealing with coal and other fossil fuels are available. This literature survey will (1) be limited to articles published between 1980--1991, with some exceptions; (2) be limited to the use of analytical methods for high molecular weight, primarily nondistillable, fossil fuel-derived materials, except where the application of an analytical method to coals or distillates may show promise for application to non-distillable coal-derived materials; and (3) demonstrate the potential usefulness of an analytical method by showing how the method has been applied to high molecular weight, non-distillable materials, if not specifically to coal liquids. The text is divided by type of methodology, i.e. spectroscopy, microscopy, etc. Each section will be essentially free-standing. An historical background is provided.

Characterization of coal-derived liquids and other fossil fuel related materials employing mass spectrometry

Author : Oklahoma State University. Department of Chemistry
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of coal-derived liquids and other fossil fuel related materials employing mass spectrometry by : Oklahoma State University. Department of Chemistry

Download or read book Characterization of coal-derived liquids and other fossil fuel related materials employing mass spectrometry written by Oklahoma State University. Department of Chemistry and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (871 download)

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Book Synopsis A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams by :

Download or read book A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CONSOL characterized 38 process strea m samples from HTI Run PB- 04, in which Black Thunder Mine Coal, Hondo vacuum resid, autom obile shredder residue (ASR), and virgin plastics were used as liquefaction feedstocks with dispersed catalyst. A paper on kinetic modeling of resid reactivity was presented at the DOE Coal Lique -faction and Solid Fuels Contractors Review Conference, September 3- 4, 1997, i n Pittsburgh, PA. The paper, "The Reactivity of Direct Coal Liquefaction Resids", i s appended (Appendix 1). Three papers on characterization of samples from coal/ resid/ waste p lastics co- liquefaction were presented or submitted for presen tation at conferences. Because of their similarity, only one of the papers is appended to this report. The paper, "Characterization o f Process Samples From Co- Liquefaction of Coal and Waste Polymers", (Appendix 2) was presented at the DOE Coal Liquefaction and Solid Fuels C ontractors Review Conference, September 3- 4, 1997, in Pittsburgh, PA. The paper, "Characterization of Process Stream Samples From Bench- Scale Co -Liquefaction Runs That Utilized Waste Polymers as Feedstocks" was presented at the 214th National Meeting of the Ameri can Chemical Society, September 7- 11, 1997, in Las Vegas, NV. The paper, "Characterization of Process Oils from Coal/ Waste Co- Liquefaction" wa s submitted for presentation at the 14th Japan/ U.S. Joint Technical Meeting on Coa l Liquefaction and Materials for Coal Liquefaction on October 28, 1997, in Tokyo, Japan. A joint Burns and Roe Services Corp. and CONSOL pap er on crude oil assays of product oils from HTI Run PB- 03 was presented at the DOE Coal Liquefaction and Solid Fuel s Contractors Review Conference, September 3- 4, 1997, in Pittsburgh, PA. The paper, "Characterization of Liquid Products from All- Slurry Mode Liquefaction", is appende d (Appendix 3).

Coal Liquefaction

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction by :

Download or read book Coal Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fluid coking of coal liquefaction residues

Author : Exxon Research and Engineering Company. Baytown Research and Development Division
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Fluid coking of coal liquefaction residues by : Exxon Research and Engineering Company. Baytown Research and Development Division

Download or read book Fluid coking of coal liquefaction residues written by Exxon Research and Engineering Company. Baytown Research and Development Division and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Physical and chemical behavior of liquefied coal in solids separation

Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Physical and chemical behavior of liquefied coal in solids separation by :

Download or read book Physical and chemical behavior of liquefied coal in solids separation written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Physical and chemical behavior of liquefied coal in solids separation

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Physical and chemical behavior of liquefied coal in solids separation by :

Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Characterization of Coal-derived Materials by Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry, Two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Supercritical Fluid Extraction, and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Download Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Characterization of Coal-derived Materials by Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry, Two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Supercritical Fluid Extraction, and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Characterization of Coal-derived Materials by Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry, Two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Supercritical Fluid Extraction, and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography by :

Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Characterization of Coal-derived Materials by Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry, Two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Supercritical Fluid Extraction, and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under contract from the DOE, and in association with CONSOL Inc., Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) evaluated four principal and several complementary techniques for the analysis of non-distillable direct coal liquefaction materials in support of process development. Field desorption mass spectrometry (FDMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic methods were examined for potential usefulness as techniques to elucidate the chemical structure of residual (nondistillable) direct coal liquefaction derived materials. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry (SFC/MS) were evaluated for effectiveness in compound-class separation and identification of residual materials. Liquid chromatography (including microcolumn) separation techniques, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and GC/Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods were applied to supercritical fluid extracts. The full report authored by the PNL researchers is presented here. The following assessment briefly highlights the major findings of the project, and evaluates the potential of the methods for application to coal liquefaction materials. These results will be incorporated by CONSOL into a general overview of the application of novel analytical techniques to coal-derived materials at the conclusion of CONSOL's contract.

Characterization of Residues from Selected Coal Conversion Processes

Author : Eddie Martin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of Residues from Selected Coal Conversion Processes by : Eddie Martin

Download or read book Characterization of Residues from Selected Coal Conversion Processes written by Eddie Martin and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Interactions During Co-pyrolysis of Direct Coal Liquefaction Residue with Lignite and the Kinetic Analysis

Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Interactions During Co-pyrolysis of Direct Coal Liquefaction Residue with Lignite and the Kinetic Analysis by :

Download or read book Interactions During Co-pyrolysis of Direct Coal Liquefaction Residue with Lignite and the Kinetic Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation by :

Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under contract from the DOE, and in association with CONSOL Inc., Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) evaluated four principal and several complementary techniques for the analysis of non-distillable direct coal liquefaction materials in support of process development. Field desorption mass spectrometry (FDMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic methods were examined for potential usefulness as techniques to elucidate the chemical structure of residual (nondistillable) direct coal liquefaction derived materials. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry (SFC/MS) were evaluated for effectiveness in compound-class separation and identification of residual materials. Liquid chromatography (including microcolumn) separation techniques, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and GC/Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods were applied to supercritical fluid extracts. The full report authored by the PNL researchers is presented here. The following assessment briefly highlights the major findings of the project, and evaluates the potential of the methods for application to coal liquefaction materials. These results will be incorporated by CONSOL into a general overview of the application of novel analytical techniques to coal-derived materials at the conclusion of CONSOL's contract.

Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Characterization of Coal Liquefaction Resids Employing Thermogravimetric Analysis and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

Download Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Characterization of Coal Liquefaction Resids Employing Thermogravimetric Analysis and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Characterization of Coal Liquefaction Resids Employing Thermogravimetric Analysis and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy by :

Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Characterization of Coal Liquefaction Resids Employing Thermogravimetric Analysis and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using temperature-programmed electron spin resonance (ESR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for the examination of tetrahydrofuran (THF)-soluble distillation resid materials derived from direct coal liquefaction. TGA is used to quantitate volatile losses in a temperature-programmed experiment. The TGA data are used to correct the free radical densities obtained by ESR as volatile material is evolved from the samples in the temperature-programmed ESR experiment. The techniques, when employed in tandem, can be used to determine the content and nature of the free radicals in the samples at temperatures approximating those used in the liquefaction process. TGA and ESR experiments were performed in flowing nitrogen and hydrogen, at ambient pressure. No significant difference was observed in the ESR spectra in the different atmospheres, except in the case of low-rank coal-derived resids. The TGA results, however, were systematically different; mass loss in an H2 atmosphere is consistently higher than that observed in an N2 atmosphere. It was shown that temperature-programmed ESR, which can pinpoint conditions at which the free radical content is the highest, has potential to be a guide for the appropriate choice of conditions for optimum resid upgrading. Further development of these combined analytical methods as process development tools appears justified based on these results.

Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation by :

Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluated the use of a novel laboratory-scale batch reactor, designed by the University of Delaware, to study the kinetics of coal liquefaction resid reactivity. The short time batch reactor (STBR) is capable of conducting reactions at temperatures up to 450°C and pressures up to 2500 psi at well-defined reaction times from a few seconds to 30 min or longer. Sixty experiments were conducted with the STBR in this project. The products of the resid/tetralin/hydrogen reaction were separated by solubility, and several analytical procedures were used to evaluate the reaction products, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Changes were monitored in the boiling ranges of the products, as a function of process conditions (time, temperature, and tetralin donor solvent-to-resid ratio), with and without catalysts. Two distillation resid samples were studied; Sample 1 is the resid of the second stage product stream from Wilsonville Run 259 which used Pittsburgh seam coal (Ireland mine) bituminous coal, and Sample 2 is the resid of the same streak from Wilsonville Run 260 which used Wyodak and Anderson (Black Thunder Mine) subbituminous coal. It was determined that the resid reactivity was different for the two samples studied. The results demonstrate that further development of this experimental method is warranted to empirically assess resid reactivity and to provide data for use in the construction of an empirical model of coal conversion in the direct liquefaction process.

Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation by :

Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using CP/MAS [sup 13]C-NMR spectroscopy for the chemical structural examination of distillation resid materials derived from direct coal liquefaction. A set of twelve carbon skeletal-structure parameters and eight molecular structural descriptors were derived from the NMR data. The technique was used previously to determine these parameters for coal and char, and in the construction of a coal pyrolysis model. The method was applied successfully to the tetrahydrofuran (THF)-soluble portion of eleven 850[degrees]F[sup +] distillation resids and one 850[degrees]F[sup +] distillation resid which contained ash and insoluble organic material (IOM). The results of this study demonstrate that this analytical method can provide data for construction of a model of direct coal liquefaction. Its further development and use is justified based on these results.

Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation by :

Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using CP/MAS 13C-NMR spectroscopy for the chemical structural examination of distillation resid materials derived from direct coal liquefaction. A set of twelve carbon skeletal-structure parameters and eight molecular structural descriptors were derived from the NMR data. The technique was used previously to determine these parameters for coal and char, and in the construction of a coal pyrolysis model. The method was applied successfully to the tetrahydrofuran (THF)-soluble portion of eleven 850°F distillation resids and one 850°F distillation resid which contained ash and insoluble organic material (IOM). The results of this study demonstrate that this analytical method can provide data for construction of a model of direct coal liquefaction. Its further development and use is justified based on these results.

Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using [sup 252]Cf PDMS, GPC, and MPLC for the examination of the tetrahydrofuran (THF)-soluble portion of distillation resid materials derived from direct coal liquefaction. The [sup 252]Cf-PDMS technique was used to determine molecular weight distributions of twenty-five THF-soluble resids. In order to detemine if [sup 252]Cf-PDMS responds differently to different chemical classes of compounds, Lehigh separated five of the samples into chemically distinct fractions by MPLC, then analyzed the parent samples, their fractions, and the re-mixed fractions by [sup 252]Cf-PDMS and GPC. Irreversible alteration of the samples upon separation was noted by Lehigh. This was confirmed by use of gas chromatographic (GC) analyses. The noted irreversible alterations prevented a direct comparison of the remixed materials and the original samples. Thus, the selective response of [sup 252]Cf-PDMS to different chemical classes of compounds could not be confirmed or ruled out. The number average molecular weights (M[sub n]) obtained by [sup 252]Cf-PDMS and GPC agreed well. However, the weight average molecular weights (M[sub w]) obtained by GPC are always higher than the corresponding [sup 252]Cf-PDMS results. Number average molecular weights and weight average molecular weights obtained with [sup 252]Cf-PDMS and GPC were compared with those obtained by field ionization mass spectrometry (FIMS), previously reported by SRI International for the parent resid samples from which the Lehigh THF-soluble samples were derived.