Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Characteristics Of Remnant Old Growth Forests In The Northern Coast Range Of Oregon And Comparison To Surrounding Landscapes
Download Characteristics Of Remnant Old Growth Forests In The Northern Coast Range Of Oregon And Comparison To Surrounding Landscapes full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Characteristics Of Remnant Old Growth Forests In The Northern Coast Range Of Oregon And Comparison To Surrounding Landscapes ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Characteristics of Remnant Old Growth Forests in the Northern Coast Range of Oregon and Comparison to Surrounding Landscapes by : Andrew N. Gray
Download or read book Characteristics of Remnant Old Growth Forests in the Northern Coast Range of Oregon and Comparison to Surrounding Landscapes written by Andrew N. Gray and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Old-growth forests provide unique habitat features and landscape functions compared to younger stands. The goals of many forest mgmt. plans in the Pacific NW include increasing the area of late-successional and old-growth forests. This study describes existing old-growth forests in the northern Oregon Coast Range that might serve as examples of desired future conditions and developmental pathways. Results suggest that although old-growth forests can develop along multiple pathways, stand composition and productivity constrain development such that expecting all late-successional stands to have the full complement of old-growth attributes may not be realistic. Illustrations. This is a print on demand report.
Book Synopsis Characteristics of Remnant Old-Growth Forests in the Northern Coast Range of Oregon and Comparison to Surrounding Landscapes by : United States Department of Agriculture
Download or read book Characteristics of Remnant Old-Growth Forests in the Northern Coast Range of Oregon and Comparison to Surrounding Landscapes written by United States Department of Agriculture and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-14 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Old-growth forests provide unique habitat features and landscape functions compared to younger stands. The goals of many forest management plans in the Pacific Northwest include increasing the area of late-successional and old-growth forests. The goal of this study was to describe existing old-growth forests in the northern Oregon Coast Range that might serve as examples of desired future conditions and developmental pathways. In addition, the abundance of specific stand attributes associated with old-growth stands was estimated from regional inventory data. Most of the old-growth stands had experienced moderately severe disturbances during their development resulting in mid- and understory trees belonging to cohorts younger than those of overstory trees. Most of the stands had the full complement of old-growth attributes (large shade-intolerant trees, shadetolerant trees, snags, and down wood), although the dead wood attributes tended to be less abundant in drier stand types. Thresholds for at least four of the five old-growth attributes were met on 7 percent of the inventory plots on federal lands, but on only 0.4 percent of the inventory plots on nonfederal lands. Shade-intolerant trees in particular were low in abundance in mature stands of intermediate diameter class (10 to 30 in). Large-diameter class stands (>30 in) were more abundant near the coast than near the Willamette Valley margin. Results suggest that although old-growth forests can develop along multiple pathways, stand composition and productivity constrain development such that expecting all late-successional stands to have the full complement of old-growth attributes may not be realistic.
Book Synopsis Characteristics of Remnant Old-growth Forests in the Northern Coast Range of Oregon and Comparison to Surrounding Landscapes by :
Download or read book Characteristics of Remnant Old-growth Forests in the Northern Coast Range of Oregon and Comparison to Surrounding Landscapes written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characteristics of Remnant Old-growth Forests in the Northern Coast Range of Oregon and Comparsion to Surrounding Landscapes by : Andrew N. Gray
Download or read book Characteristics of Remnant Old-growth Forests in the Northern Coast Range of Oregon and Comparsion to Surrounding Landscapes written by Andrew N. Gray and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comparing Structure and Development of Douglas-fir Old-growth, Plantations, and Young Natural Forests in Western Oregon by : Christopher D. Dowling
Download or read book Comparing Structure and Development of Douglas-fir Old-growth, Plantations, and Young Natural Forests in Western Oregon written by Christopher D. Dowling and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ages, diameter growth, density, tree size, and species were studied in old-growth, plantation, and young natural Douglas-fir stands in three areas in western Oregon: the western and eastern Coast Range and the western Cascades. The purpose was to compare the development of these three stand types and to determine whether plantations and young natural stands would develop old-growth structures and characteristics. The Douglas-fir age ranges in plantations (8 to 15 yr) were much narrower and than the ranges of tree ages found in the young natural (21 to 102 yr) and in the old-growth stands (300 to 354 yr). This wide range of tree ages, along with diameter growth rates and tree and stand structural characteristics, supported the hypothesis that old-growth developed at low initial stand densities. These low initial stand densities, probably the result of prolonged stand establishment, likely enabled height and crown size advantages among old and younger trees. Dominant and large codominant trees maintained live crown ratios and sustained diameter growth resulting in large stable trees indicated by low height-to-diameter ratios. The mean diameters of the dominant trees in the old-growth and the dominant trees in the young natural stands were not significantly different at age 40 and 100, indicating the young natural stands appear to be growing at the same rates as the old-growth in its first 100 years. The mean dominant diameters in the plantations and old-growth at age 40 and 100 were significantly different, indicating the plantations are growing and developing differently than young natural and old-growth forests. Plantations had grown rapidly for the first 20 to 30 years, and computer simulation indicated that a significant rapid decline in radial growth would occur between ages 30 and 55. Simulations also indicate that during this period, the mean diameters of the dominant plantation trees would fall below those of the old-growth in two of the three stands by age 85. Pre-commercial thinning 20 to 25 years ago in the plantations has helped sustain high early growth rates for a longer period of time than would have occurred if thinning had not been performed. Additional thinning in the future is likely needed to maintain rapid current rates. When simulated to age 250 both the young natural stands and the plantations maintained higher densities of smaller diameter trees than the old-growth stands. This simulation result indicates the possible inability of these stands to self-thin to the densities found in old-growth stands without some sort of density-reducing disturbance. The broad range of tree ages in the old-growth stands suggests that stand disturbances are a normal part of old-growth development on these sites. Five different plantation thinning options were also simulated to age 250, including additional options with thinning of understory trees and ingrowth. The projections indicate that when the plantations are left unthinned they would generally develop trees with small live crowns and mean diameters but still produce stable dominant overstory trees (low H:D ratios). Shade tolerant understory trees and ingrowth, such as western hemlock, are a key part of old-growth development. These trees may reduce the rate of growth and alter crown structure of the overstory trees over extended periods of time (200+ years). Additional thinning, possibly in multiple entries, in both the overstory and understory may be necessary for dense plantations to develop the tree size heterogeneity found in local old-growth forests. I also demonstrated a methodology to determine site-specific management targets or goals for creating old-growth structure from plantations. This was performed using past and current forest structure and composition information within a local landscape scale of 500 to 1000 acres, typical of the public land checkerboard ownership pattern. Stand types making up the historical landscape are identified and described retrospectively using historical and current aerial photographs and digital orthophotos, cruise records, previous studies, and sample plots of standing and harvested forests. The degree of detail provided through this methodology will likely help forest managers to define complex late-successional characteristics of stands and landscapes. My results indicate that stand and project area-specific definitions of old-growth and clearly defined goals for young stand management will facilitate development of old forest characteristics.
Book Synopsis Ochoco National Forest (N.F.), Upper Beaver Vegetation Management Project by :
Download or read book Ochoco National Forest (N.F.), Upper Beaver Vegetation Management Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Deschutes National Forest (N.F.), EXF Thinning, Fuels Reduction, and Research Project by :
Download or read book Deschutes National Forest (N.F.), EXF Thinning, Fuels Reduction, and Research Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Disturbance and Landscape History as a Reference for Evaluating Forest Management Effects at a Regional Scale by : Etsuko Nonaka
Download or read book Disturbance and Landscape History as a Reference for Evaluating Forest Management Effects at a Regional Scale written by Etsuko Nonaka and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: History is an invaluable source of information to understand and evaluate management influences on contemporary ecosystems and landscapes. The first two chapters (Chapters 2 and 3) explored the concept of historical range of variability (HRV) in landscape structure and stand structure using a stochastic fire simulation model to simulate presettlement (before 1850) landscapes of the Oregon Coast Range. HRV has been defined as the bounded variability of a system within constraints imposed by larger-scale phenomena (e.g. climate, topography) and without significant modern human influence. HRV of landscapes has been proposed as a guide for biodiversity conservation in the past decade. In Chapter 2, I estimated HRV of a regional landscape and evaluated the similarity of current and alternative future landscapes under two land management scenarios to the conditions within the HRV. The simulation results indicated that historical landscapes of the region were dynamic, composed of patches of various sizes and age classes ranging from 0 to> 800 years as well as numerous small unburned island patches. The current landscape was outside the HRV. The landscape did not return to the HRV in 100 years under either scenario largely because of lack of old-growth forests and overabundance of young forests. This study showed that the HRV can provide a reference condition for concrete, quantitative evaluations of landscape conditions and alternative management scenarios if sufficient data exist for estimating HRV. Departure from HRV can serve as an indicator of landscape conditions, but results depend on scale and quantification of landscape heterogeneity. In Chapter 3, I investigated the HRV in live and dead biomass and examined variability in disturbance history and forest stand development. I calculated biomass as a function of disturbance history. The HRV of live and dead wood biomass distributions revealed that the majority of the landscape historically contained> 500 Mg/ha of live wood and 50-200 Mg/ha of dead wood. The current dead wood condition is outside HRV. There was a wide variation in dead wood biomass because of variations in disturbance history. This study suggests that natural disturbance regimes and stand development are characterized by much larger variation than is typically portrayed or appreciated. The HRV approaches to evaluating landscape conditions need to include both landscape and stand characteristics to better represent ecological differences between managed and unmanaged landscapes. In Chapter 4, I used remotely sensed data and historical vegetation data in a GIS to examine changes occurred in vegetation cover since settlement in two major valleys, the Coquille and Tillamook, in the region. I used existing historical vegetation maps of the two valleys and collected historical vegetation data from the General Land Office (GLO) survey records. I characterized current vegetation conditions using an unsupervised classification of satellite images. Historically, the Coquille Valley was dominated by hardwood trees and the Tillamook was by conifers. Valley bottoms in both areas differed in vegetation from nearby uplands. Tree-covered areas have declined substantially in both valleys as a result of agriculture and development. The historical data offered reference conditions for assessment of changes in biodiversity that have occurred in these unique habitats. This thesis illustrates the benefit of using historical landscape information for better understanding of human influence on the landscape. Historical data often have many assumptions and limitations, but ecological impacts of landscape changes on native biota can be better understood by comparisons with historical conditions.
Book Synopsis Forest and Stream Management in the Oregon Coast Range by : Stephen D. Hobbs
Download or read book Forest and Stream Management in the Oregon Coast Range written by Stephen D. Hobbs and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This major volume presents a wealth of fundamental and applied research on managing Coast Range forest and stream ecosystems. Written primarily for managers and resource specialists, the book will also appeal to policymakers, resource scientists, forest landowners, the conservation community, and students interested in forestry, fisheries, and wildlife sciences.
Book Synopsis Forests of Western Oregon by : Sally J. Campbell
Download or read book Forests of Western Oregon written by Sally J. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecological Characteristics of Forested Watersheds Along the Central Oregon Coast by : Matthew Sidney Kimble
Download or read book Ecological Characteristics of Forested Watersheds Along the Central Oregon Coast written by Matthew Sidney Kimble and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Protecting a Vanishing Ecosystem by :
Download or read book Protecting a Vanishing Ecosystem written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Historical and Current Forest Landscapes of Eastern Oregon and Washington by :
Download or read book Historical and Current Forest Landscapes of Eastern Oregon and Washington written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Location, Composition, and Structure of Old-growth Forests of the Oregon Coast Range by : Glenn Patrick Juday
Download or read book The Location, Composition, and Structure of Old-growth Forests of the Oregon Coast Range written by Glenn Patrick Juday and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Guidelines to Support Implementation of the Great Bear Rainforest Order with Respect to Old Forest and Listed Plant Communities by : Allen Banner
Download or read book Guidelines to Support Implementation of the Great Bear Rainforest Order with Respect to Old Forest and Listed Plant Communities written by Allen Banner and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Great Bear Rainforest Order (GBRO), established January 2016, presents legal objectives for the protection of Old Forests and Red- and Blue-Listed Plant Communities (Listed Communities) within the timber harvesting land base of the Great Bear Rainforest. Although the direction on management and conservation of both Old Forest and Listed Communities is conceptually straightforward, practical field implementation is challenging due to the lack of explicit field assessment criteria. This guidance document provides an overview of key aspects of the GBRO with respect to Old Forest and Listed Communities, and interpretation of the text in the GBRO with reference to current ecological concepts. Additionally, the document discusses how the GBRO text relates to the B.C. Conservation Data Centre methods for assessing Red- and Blue-Listed Ecological Communities. A set of field keys is provided to facilitate consistent application of ecological concepts to meet the intent of the GBRO objectives for Old Forest and Sufficiently Established Listed Communities. The keys incorporate initial minimum criteria for certain ecological features, and an index that integrates a suite of old forest attributes (the Forest Attribute Score) based on features that reflect the complexity of these older coastal, forested ecosystems. Both keys require the field practitioner to determine stand age and occurrence of a Veteran Overstory Tree layer. To evaluate the requirement for protection of Listed Communities, the level of understory development must also be evaluated. Calculation of a Forest Attribute Score requires the assessment of six stand attributes: density of Veteran Overstory Trees, density of large snags, vertical canopy differentiation, understory shrub and herb cover, amount of coarse woody debris, and stand disturbance history."--Publisher's website
Book Synopsis Landscape Patterns of Pre-logging Forest Conditions in Western Oregon by : Mary C. Rasmussen
Download or read book Landscape Patterns of Pre-logging Forest Conditions in Western Oregon written by Mary C. Rasmussen and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using historical maps and tools provided by GJS, the spatial patterns of pre-logging forest conditions were quantified for three landscapes in western Oregon. The spatial coincidence between forest patches and topographic features was determined for slope gradient, aspect, elevation, and distance from streams. Pre-logging and current forest compositions were compared. The pre-logging landscape was dominated by old growth conifer with less than 10% consisting of early seral disturbance patches. Fire patches differed in size and shape between the Oregon Coast Range and the Oregon Cascade Range provinces. The size and variability of fire patches was larger in the Cascades, with shorter mean distances between fire patches and smaller perimeter to area ratios compared to fire patches in the Coast Range. Mean fire return intervals ranged from 170 to 292 years for the Oregon Coast Range. The most frequent patch size, regardless of patch type and study area, ranged from 100 to 999 ha. Forest patch types varied predictably by topographic feature for instance: fewer fire patches occurred on cool, moist aspects while more occurred on hot, dry, aspects. More burn area and less old growth conifer than expected occurred within 4000 m of major rivers. Late seral forest cover has declined dramatically across all three landscapes since 1933.
Book Synopsis Tree Species-soils Relationships in Old-growth Forests of the Oregon Coast Range by : Alison Cross
Download or read book Tree Species-soils Relationships in Old-growth Forests of the Oregon Coast Range written by Alison Cross and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tree species directly and indirectly affect soil nutrient cycles. I sought to characterize soils and foliage associated with four common canopy tree species (Douglas-fir, western hemlock, western redcedar, and bigleaf maple) in mixed-species old-growth forests of the Oregon Coast Range and to determine whether and how soils differ among the tree species. Sampling was replicated at eight forest sites to assess the generality of tree-species soils relationships across this region. Forest floor (Oe+Oa horizon) and mineral soils (0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm depth) were analyzed for pools and concentrations of major elements (C, N, P, Ca, Mg, K, and H). Foliar nutrient concentrations, which reflect active nutrient cycling by the trees, were also determined for C, N, P, Ca, Mg, and K. Results were analyzed with respect to two complementary conceptual models of tree species-soils relationships. In a depth-based model, trees were inferred to influence soil properties if surface mineral soils (0 to 10 cm) differed beneath the canopies of tree species, but deeper mineral soils (10 to 20 cm) did not. Using a context-dependence model, I assessed whether species-based differences in each soil nutrient diverged, converged, or were constant as nutrient status increased across sites. Douglas-fir soils were characterized by greater mass of forest floor relative to other species and, at high-C and -N sites, large pools of C and N in mineral soils. Western hemlock soils and foliage were generally poor in bases, particularly Ca. Western redcedar soils and foliage were high in Ca and were low in P, and soil P was especially low at high-P sites. Bigleaf maple soils and foliage were rich in P and base cations, and soils had high available nitrate relative to other species at nitrate-rich sites. Overall, the depth-based model was best supported by data for pools of the weatherable elements P and Ca, while the context-dependence model was best supported by data for the atmospherically derived, biologically fixed elements C and N. This apparent dichotomy in patterns for soil pools of rock-derived vs. atmospherically-derived nutrients merits further investigation. Forest management or natural successional processes that foster stand dominance by a single tree species are likely to reduce soil nutrient heterogeneity relative to that of current old-growth forests, and in some cases, may reduce soil fertility.
