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Changed Temporal Processing In The Human Auditory Cortex By Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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Book Synopsis Changed Temporal Processing in the Human Auditory Cortex by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation by : Kai Heimrath
Download or read book Changed Temporal Processing in the Human Auditory Cortex by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation written by Kai Heimrath and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modulation of Human Auditory Cortex with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation by : Reiko Matsushita
Download or read book Modulation of Human Auditory Cortex with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation written by Reiko Matsushita and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Hemispheric asymmetries in processing of different acoustic features are well-known aspect of the auditory cortex. According to one model; the auditory cortex in the left hemisphere is tuned to process rapidly changing temporal information, which are abundant in human speech, and the auditory cortex in the right hemisphere play a dominant role in spectral processing hence significantly contributing to pitch processing. In the past, this spectral-temporal model of the auditory cortex has been addressed mainly using neuroimaging techniques, which inform us about correlational relationships between behaviors and brain activities. In the present thesis, we seek causal evidence that supports the spectral-temporal model, focusing on the right-hemisphere dominance in pitch processing, using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).tDCS is a relatively new technique, which has potential to allow us to address the causal role of certain brain activities, to explore functional connectivity, and possibly to help different neurological and psychological conditions. However, little is known about the mechanisms of tDCS, especially in the auditory domain. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of tDCS in the human auditory system, and to develop a protocol to assess the right-hemisphere dominance in pitch processing and learning using tDCS.In the first study (chapter 2), we established a behavioural paradigm to test tDCS-induced effect on pitch processing using a pitch discrimination test called micromelody discrimination task. In this task short tone patterns using small (
Book Synopsis Assessment of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on MMN-Indexed Auditory Sensory Processing by : Danielle Impey
Download or read book Assessment of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on MMN-Indexed Auditory Sensory Processing written by Danielle Impey and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive form of brain stimulation which uses a very weak constant current to temporarily excite or inhibit activity in the brain area of interest via electrodes placed on the scalp, depending on the polarity and strength of the current. Presently, tDCS is being used as a tool to investigate frontal cognition in healthy controls and to improve symptoms in neurological and psychiatric patients. Relatively little research has been conducted with respect to tDCS and the auditory cortex (AC). The primary aim of this thesis was to elucidate the effects of tDCS on auditory sensory discrimination, assessed with the mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related potential (ERP). In the first pilot study, healthy participants were assessed in a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled design, in which participants received anodal tDCS over the primary AC (2 mA for 20 minutes) in one session and 'sham' stimulation (i.e. no stimulation) in the other. Pitch MMN was found to be enhanced after receiving anodal tDCS, with the effects being evidenced in individuals with relatively low (vs. high) baseline amplitudes. No significant effects were seen with sham stimulation. A second study examined the separate and interacting effects of anodal and cathodal tDCS on MMN measures. MMN was assessed pre- and post-tDCS (2 mA, 20 minutes) in 2 separate sessions, one involving sham stimulation, followed by anodal stimulation, and one involving cathodal stimulation, followed by anodal stimulation. Only anodal tDCS over the AC increased pitch MMN in baseline-stratified groups, and while cathodal tDCS decreased MMN, subsequent anodal stimulation did not significantly alter MMNs. As evidence has shown that tDCS lasting effects may be dependent on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity, a pharmacological study investigated the use of dextromethorphan (DMO), an NMDA antagonist, to assess possible modulation of tDCS' effects on both MMN and working memory (WM) performance. The study involved four test sessions that compared pre- and post-anodal tDCS over the AC and sham stimulation with both DMO (50 mL) and placebo administration. MMN amplitude increases were only seen with anodal tDCS with placebo administration, not with sham stimulation, nor with DMO administration. In the sham condition, DMO decreased MMN amplitudes. Anodal tDCS improved WM performance in the active drug condition. Findings from this study contribute to the understanding of underlying neurobiological mechanisms mediating tDCS-sensory and memory improvements. As cognitive impairment has been proposed to be the core feature of schizophrenia disorder (Sz) and MMN is a putative biomarker of Sz, a pilot study was conducted to assess the effects of pre- and post-tDCS on MMN measures in 12 Sz patients, as well as WM performance. Temporal, frontal and sham tDCS were applied in separate sessions. Results demonstrated a trend for pitch MMNs to increase with anodal temporal tDCS, which was significant in a subgroup of Sz individuals with auditory hallucinations, who had low MMNs at baseline. Anodal frontal tDCS significantly increased WM performance, which was found to positively correlate with MMN-tDCS effects. The findings contribute to our understanding of tDCS effects for MMN-indexed sensory discrimination and WM performance in healthy participants and individuals with Sz disorder and may have implications for treatment of sensory processing deficits in neuropsychiatric illness.
Book Synopsis Sounds in Time by : Paul Thomas Fillmore
Download or read book Sounds in Time written by Paul Thomas Fillmore and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have described a set of experiments examining temporal organization in the auditory system on several timescales, using several stimulus types, to gain a broad picture of the representation of temporal features of sound in human auditory cortex. Experiment one examined the common claim of left hemisphere specialization for speech based on temporal factors (Schwartz & Tallal, 1980, Zatorre et al., 2002), and how these patterns could be modulated by task demands. Subjects listened to words with or without rapid formant transitions, and performed either a semantic or a phonemic task. We found that in the context of whole-word natural language processing, the presence of rapid temporal change does not result in expected left-lateralized effects. When participants attended to sound analysis, stimulus effects became more likely, but were found in both hemispheres. Our results stress the importance of task demands in evaluating theories of auditory perception. Experiment two used a novel stimulus in fMRI, repeated frozen noise, to examine periodotopic organization in auditory cortex for periods of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 ms. We found that primary auditory structures were sensitive to all periodicities, with each condition activating distinct additional areas in the temporal plane, and the most anterior areas preferentially sensitive to the longest periods. Despite the use of stimuli within timescales described elsewhere as preferentially driving hemispheric lateralization patterns (Poeppel, 2003), no effects of hemisphere were evident, suggesting that temporal hierarchical organization within hemisphere may be a more dominant structure than that across hemispheres. In experiment three, we used a modified auditory oddball paradigm to find regions of auditory cortex that code for sequence processing for sequences of differing lengths (1, 3 or 6 tones). We found regions sensitive to coding stimulus deviance throughout the temporal lobes, bilaterally. Additionally, downstream areas (i.e. anterior temporal and sensorimotor regions) were increasingly recruited with increasing sequence length. Different areas were active for the three and six-tone conditions, with the six-tone sequence activating the most anterior regions. These spatial patterns, along with those from experiment two, suggest the possibility of a length-based organization for sound in the human temporal lobe.
Book Synopsis An Introduction to the Event-Related Potential Technique, second edition by : Steven J. Luck
Download or read book An Introduction to the Event-Related Potential Technique, second edition written by Steven J. Luck and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-05-30 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential guide to designing, conducting, and analyzing event-related potential (ERP) experiments, completely updated for this edition. The event-related potential (ERP) technique, in which neural responses to specific events are extracted from the EEG, provides a powerful noninvasive tool for exploring the human brain. This volume describes practical methods for ERP research along with the underlying theoretical rationale. It offers researchers and students an essential guide to designing, conducting, and analyzing ERP experiments. This second edition has been completely updated, with additional material, new chapters, and more accessible explanations. Freely available supplementary material, including several online-only chapters, offer expanded or advanced treatment of selected topics. The first half of the book presents essential background information, describing the origins of ERPs, the nature of ERP components, and the design of ERP experiments. The second half of the book offers a detailed treatment of the main steps involved in conducting ERP experiments, covering such topics as recording the EEG, filtering the EEG and ERP waveforms, and quantifying amplitudes and latencies. Throughout, the emphasis is on rigorous experimental design and relatively simple analyses. New material in the second edition includes entire chapters devoted to components, artifacts, measuring amplitudes and latencies, and statistical analysis; updated coverage of recording technologies; concrete examples of experimental design; and many more figures. Online chapters cover such topics as overlap, localization, writing and reviewing ERP papers, and setting up and running an ERP lab.
Book Synopsis Practical Guide to Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation by : Helena Knotkova
Download or read book Practical Guide to Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation written by Helena Knotkova and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-23 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview on Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and the clinical applications of this promising technique. Separated into three parts, the book begins with basic principles, mechanisms and approaches of tDCS. This is followed by a step-by-step practicum, methodological considerations and ethics and professional conduct pertaining to this novel technique. Chapters are authored by renowned experts who also direct and plan tDCS educational events worldwide. Bridging the existing gap in instructional materials for tDCS while addressing growing interest in education in this field, professionals within a broad range of medical disciplines will find this text to be an invaluable guide.
Book Synopsis Brain stimulation: from basic research to clinical use by : Alia Benali
Download or read book Brain stimulation: from basic research to clinical use written by Alia Benali and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-12-08 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders by : André R. Brunoni
Download or read book Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders written by André R. Brunoni and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-20 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2nd edition of this book incorporates the tremendous clinical advances that have occurred in the field of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the past 5 years. Since the 1st edition was published, the clinical use of tDCS has moved from its infancy, and is now in a thrilling new phase with numerous possibilities as well as challenges. tDCS is a technique that excels in terms of safety and tolerability, and within a few years, novel technological developments will allow its use at home. At the same time, large, phase III trials have been exploring the clinical efficacy of tDCS, the results of which have been published in leading journals such as the New England Journal of Medicine and JAMA Psychiatry. This 2nd edition summarizes the state of the art of the field. Written by leading experts in the field, the book is divided into 5 parts: Introduction and Mechanisms of Action; Research Methods; tDCS in the life cycle; Applications of tDCS in neuropsychiatric disorders (further divided into Psychiatry and Neurology); and The clinical use of tDCS. It also includes several new chapters, covering topics such as precision stimulation of tDCS; combination of tDCS with different neuroimaging modalities; and use of tDCS in new clinical conditions. Moreover, all chapters have been rewritten and updated. This book will be of significant interest to psychiatrists, neurologists and neuroscientists new to the field as well as those with a background in tDCS who want to increase their understanding of particular psychiatric conditions.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation by :
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation written by and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-08-14 with total page 1249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcranial stimulation encompasses noninvasive methods that transmit physical fields-such as magnetic, electric, ultrasound, and light-to the brain to modulate its function. The most widespread approach, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), has emerged as an important tool in several areas of neuroscience as well as in clinical applications in psychiatry and neurology. Originally envisioned as a way to measure the responsiveness and conduction speed of neurons and synapses in the brain and spinal cord, TMS has also become an important tool for changing the activity of brain neurons and the functions they subserve as well as an causal adjunct to brain imaging and mapping techniques. Along with transcranial electrical stimulation techniques, TMS has diffused far beyond the borders of clinical neurophysiology and into cognitive, perceptual, behavioural, and therapeutic investigation and attracted a highly diverse group of users and would-be users. Another major success of TMS has been as a treatment in psychiatry, where it is now in routine use worldwide. The field of noninvasive neuromodulation has matured and diversified considerably in the past decade, with an expansion in the number of tools available and our understanding of their mechanisms of action. This second edition of The Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation brings together the latest developments and important advances in all areas of Transcranial stimulation. The new volume captures the rapid progress made since the first edition, and provides an authoritative and comprehensive review of the state of the art. It also highlights challenges, opportunities, and future directions for this rapidly changing field. The book focuses on the scientific and technical background required to understand transcranial stimulation techniques and a wide-ranging survey of their burgeoning applications in neurophysiology, neuroscience, and therapy. Each of its six sections deals with a major area and is edited by an international authority therein. It will serve researchers, clinicians, students, and others as the definitive text in this area for years to come.
Download or read book Brain Mapping written by Arthur W. Toga and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2000-04-26 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "sequel" to "Brain Mapping: The Methods", covers the utlization of methods for the study of brain structure and function. Organized by systems, it presents information on the normal as well as the diseased brain. It integrates the various methodologies with appropriate usage.
Book Synopsis Pediatric Brain Stimulation by : Adam Kirton
Download or read book Pediatric Brain Stimulation written by Adam Kirton and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-05-04 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pediatric Brain Stimulation: Mapping and Modulating the Developing Brain presents the latest on this rapidly expanding field that has seen an exponential growth in publications over the past 10 years. Non-invasive modalities like TMS can painlessly map and measure complex neurophysiology in real patients. Neuromodulatory applications like rTMS and tDCS carry increasingly proven therapeutic applications. Rapidly advancing technological methodologies are increasing opportunities and indications. Despite all these benefits, applications in the more plastic developing brains of children are only just emerging. This book provides a comprehensive overview of brain stimulation in children. Chapters include Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) fundamentals, brain stimulation in pediatric neurological conditions, and invasive brain stimulation. The main audience for this research will be those interested in applying brain stimulation technologies to advance clinical research and patient care, although a wide variety of clinicians and scientist will find this to be a valuable reference on brain stimulation with specific chapters on a variety of conditions. Provides an overview of recent findings and knowledge of pediatric brain stimulation and the developing brain Edited by renowned leaders in the field of pediatric brain stimulation Presents a great resource for basic and clinical scientists and practitioners in neuroscience, neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
Book Synopsis Interhemispheric Relations and Cerebral Dominance by : Vernon B. Mountcastle
Download or read book Interhemispheric Relations and Cerebral Dominance written by Vernon B. Mountcastle and published by . This book was released on 1962-09 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the conference by Richard Jung
Book Synopsis Timing and Time Perception: Procedures, Measures, & Applications by :
Download or read book Timing and Time Perception: Procedures, Measures, & Applications written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-04-10 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timing and Time Perception: Procedures, Measures, and Applications is a one-of-a-kind, collective effort to present the most utilized and known methods on timing and time perception. Specifically, it covers methods and analysis on circadian timing, synchrony perception, reaction/response time, time estimation, and alternative methods for clinical/developmental research. The book includes experimental protocols, programming code, and sample results and the content ranges from very introductory to more advanced so as to cover the needs of both junior and senior researchers. We hope that this will be the first step in future efforts to document experimental methods and analysis both in a theoretical and in a practical manner. Contributors are: Patricia V. Agostino, Rocío Alcalá-Quintana, Fuat Balcı, Karin Bausenhart, Richard Block, Ivana L. Bussi, Carlos S. Caldart, Mariagrazia Capizzi, Xiaoqin Chen, Ángel Correa, Massimiliano Di Luca, Céline Z. Duval, Mark T. Elliott, Dagmar Fraser, David Freestone, Miguel A. García-Pérez, Anne Giersch, Simon Grondin, Nori Jacoby, Florian Klapproth, Franziska Kopp, Maria Kostaki, Laurence Lalanne, Giovanna Mioni, Trevor B. Penney, Patrick E. Poncelet, Patrick Simen, Ryan Stables, Rolf Ulrich, Argiro Vatakis, Dominic Ward, Alan M. Wing, Kieran Yarrow, and Dan Zakay.
Book Synopsis Psychophysics by : Frederick A.A. Kingdom
Download or read book Psychophysics written by Frederick A.A. Kingdom and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-01-04 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychophysics: A Practical Introduction, Second Edition, is the primary scientific tool for understanding how the physical world of colors, sounds, odors, movements, and shapes translates into the sensory world of sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell; in other words, how matter translates into mind. This timely revision provides a unique introduction to the techniques for researching and understanding how the brain translates the external physical world to the internal world of sensation. The revision expands and refines coverage of the basic tools of psychophysics research and better integrates the theory with the supporting software. The new edition continues to be the only book to combine, in a single volume, the principles underlying the science of psychophysical measurement and the practical tools necessary to analyze data from psychophysical experiments. The book, written in a tutorial style, will appeal to new researchers as well as to seasoned veterans. This introduction to psychophysics research methods will be of interest to students, scholars and researchers within sensory neuroscience, vision research, behavioral neuroscience, and the cognitive sciences. Presents a large variety of analytical methods explained for the non-expert Provides a novel classification scheme for psychophysics experiments Disseminates the pros and cons of different psychophysical procedures Contains practical tips for designing psychophysical experiments
Book Synopsis Brain and Human Body Modeling 2020 by : Sergey N. Makarov
Download or read book Brain and Human Body Modeling 2020 written by Sergey N. Makarov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, took place between July 23 and 27, 2019, in Berlin, Germany. The focus was on "Biomedical engineering ranging from wellness to intensive care." This conference provided an opportunity for researchers from academia and industry to discuss a variety of topics relevant to EMBS and hosted the 4th Annual Invited Session on Computational Human Models. At this session, a bevy of research related to the development of human phantoms was presented, together with a substantial variety of practical applications explored through simulation.
Book Synopsis From Perception to Pleasure by : Robert J. Zatorre
Download or read book From Perception to Pleasure written by Robert J. Zatorre and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Our species has been making music most likely for as long as we've been human. It seems to be an indelible a part of us. The oldest known musical instruments date back to the upper paleolithic period, some 40,000 years ago. Among the most intriguing of these are delicate bone flutes, seen in Figure 1.1, found in what is now southern Germany. (Conard et al. 2009). These discoveries testify to the advanced technology that our ancestors applied to create music: the finger holes are carefully bevelled to allow the musician's fingers to make a tight seal; and the distances between the holes appear to have been precisely measured, perhaps to correspond to a specific musical scale. This time period corresponds to the last glaciation episode in the northern hemisphere -- life could not have been easy for people living at that time. Yet time, energy, and the skills of craftworkers were expended for making abstract sounds "of the least use ... to daily habits of life". So, music must have been very meaningful and important for them. Why would that be?"--
Book Synopsis Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation by : Carlo Miniussi
Download or read book Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation written by Carlo Miniussi and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes state-of-the art reviews, written by research leaders, of Non-Invasive Brain-Stimulation (NIBS) techniques for the cognitive rehabilitation of disorders of memory, language, perception, attention and executive functions.
